Portal de Revistas Académicas UC Temuco
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An investigation of monthly variation of different physicochemical parameters of dairy industry effluent
Get PDFABSTRACT Industrialization no doubt enhances the productivity, but also results in release of toxic substances into the environment, creating health hazards. Dairy industry ranks as one of the most polluted industries in India. For cleaning and washing procedures, dairy industry plants generate large volumes of waste water, which is 2.5 times milk volume processed. Dairy effluent contains high load of organic matter. This study was aimed at assessing the monthly variation of different physicochemical parameters of effluent like pH, Temperature, Turbidity, Electrical Conductivity, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biological Oxygen Demand, Total Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, Chlorides, Sulfates, Oil & Grease, Proteins, Lipids etc. The pH was recorded for values between 7.3 to 8.2 whereas overall mean value was 7.7±0.37 (S.D.) in all month’s data collected which is ambient for the microbial population to grow. Maximum temperature was reported in May (33°C) while lowest value was reported in December (24°C). Mean value of turbidity was recorded as 762±207 NTU. Maximum EC value was reported in January (650 µS/cm) while minimum value was reported in May (354 µS/cm). BOD values reported were between 268 to 950 mg/lit. Maximum BOD values were reported in August and October while minimum was reported in the month of July. Mean value was recorded at 597±208 mg/lit. COD mean value was recorded at 2184±417 mg/lit. Maximum COD values were observed during August and September while minimum during February to April. TDS was noted down to be between 960 to 1362 mg/lit. TS mean value was around 1412 ± 108 mg/lit. TSS was found to be between 245 to 365 mg/lit during the year 2013-14. Maximum TSS value was reported in November and September while minimum in March. Maximum chloride value was reported in March (562 mg/lit) while minimum in September (256 mg/lit). Mean value of sulfate was 247 ± 98 mg/lit. Mean value for oil and grease was recorded as 163 ± 44 mg/lit. Maximum protein value was reported in November (260 mg/lit) while minimum in the months of May and September (154 mg/lit). Mean value of lipid was recorded to be 600±63 mg/lit indicating obvious variation during batches. The present study has been aimed at procuring dairy industry effluents & characterizing them for different parameters in order to check the fluctuation in organic loads
Diversity of Heavy Metals Tolerant and Antifungal Sensitive Fungal Community of River Ganga
Get PDFGanga is the largest river in India and has both religious and economical importance to our country. Ganga water has very important reverence in various religious ceremonies as holy water along it had been used for drinking and irrigation purpose. In developing cites such as Haridwar Ganga start facing water pollution problems but still its water quality was maintain, it was may be due to its microbial community which may have an adorable capability to clean the Ganga river, so in present study we had focused on the isolation of river Ganga Fungal community during different season at four different sites, Haridwar, India. The isolated strains were morphological identified as Aspergillus, Talaromyces, Fusarium, Curvularia, etc. All these strains had showed highest heavy metal tolerance against As, Cu, Fe (200- 1000 mg/L) followed by Cr, Ni, Cd (200-800 mg/L) and least against Hg (200-400 mg/L), along with this these strains are mostly sensitive to different antifungal such as Nystatin, Amphotherecin, Fluconazole and Ketomycin
El viaje del zorro al cielo y su tío el tigre: Texturas transculturales amerindias en dos repertorios de relatos mapuche del zorro
Get PDFThis paper shows the Amerindian cross-cultural contents of two repertories of Mapuche tales of the fox. The first one corresponds to a fox’s journey to heaven, originated in Central Andean area. The second one is about a fox and his uncle, the tiger, taken from Chaco narratives. Through a narratological analysis, it stands out the recurrence of the motives that give form to the tales. In relation to that, we argue that the representation of the fox as a trickster, common to these narratives, expresses a general problem, propitious for cross cultural representation. The contradiction in the fox’s behavior exposes the tension between basic necessities and vital impulses, and the cultural norms to conform them, which constitutes a common experience of human condition. El artículo muestra los contenidos transculturales amerindios en dos repertorios de relatos mapuche del zorro. El primero de ellos corresponde al viaje del zorro al cielo, originario del área centro andina. El segundo es el del zorro y su tío el tigre procedente de las narrativas del Chaco. A través de un análisis narratológico, se destaca la recurrencia de los motivos que estructuran las tramas narrativas y dan forma a los relatos. Al respecto argumentamos que la representación del zorro como un personaje transgresor, común en las narrativas, expresa un problema general, por lo mismo, proclive a su simbolización transcultural. Las contradicciones en la conducta del zorro exponen las tensiones entre las necesidades básicas y los impulsos vitales del personaje y las normas culturales para la administración de las mismas, lo que constituye una experiencia común a la condición humana
NDVI Based Assessment of Land Cover Changes Using Remote Sensing and GIS (A case study of Srinagar district, Kashmir)
Get PDFNormalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is an index of greenness or photosynthetic activity in a plant. It is a technique of obtaining various features based upon their spectral signature such as vegetation index, land cover classification, urban areas and remaining areas presented in the image. The NDVI differencing method using Landsat thematic mapping images and Landsat oli was implemented to assess the chane in vegetation cover from 2001to 2017. In the present study, Landsat TM images of 2001 and landsat 8 of 2017 were used to extract NDVI values. The NDVI values calculated from the satellite image of the year 2001 ranges from 0.62 to -0.41 and that of the year 2017 shows a significant change across the whole region and its value ranges from 0.53 to -0.10 based upon their spectral signature .This technique is also used for the mapping of changes in land use and land cover. NDVI method is applied according to its characteristic like vegetation at different NDVI threshold values such as -0.1, -0.09, 0.14, 0.06, 0.28, 0.35, and 0.5. The NDVI values were initially computed using the Natural Breaks (Jenks) method to classify NDVI map. Results confirmed that the area without vegetation, such as water bodies, as well as built up areas and barren lands, increased from 35 % in 2001 to 39.67 % in 2017.Key words: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,land use/landcover, spectral signature
Forms and Profile Distribution of Phosphorus in Soils formed on different Parent Materials in different Ecologies of Edo State, Nigeria.
Get PDFForms and profile distribution of phosphorus in soils formed on different parent materials (cretaceous sediments, shale and quaternary alluvium) in different ecologies (Ekpoma, Ozalla and Illushi) of Edo State of Nigeria were investigated. Soil samples were collected from profile pits sunk on each parent material type. Total and organic phosphorus was determined by standard laboratory procedure while inorganic phosphorus forms by fractionation. Data obtained were analyzed using t-test and correlation analysis. Results showed that the total phosphorus ranged from 402 to 650 mg kg-1, 248 to 662 mg kg-1 and 88 to 345 mg kg-1 in soils of Ekpoma, Ozalla and Illushi with means of 498, 404 and 247 mg kg-1, respectively. Ozalla soils having higher values followed by Ekpoma soils while Illushi soils have lower values. The P forms showed no definite pattern of decrease with increased soil depth except for total P that decreased with increased soil depth in all the soils. The inorganic fractions of the soils occurred in the sequence of Fe-P > Al-P > Ca-P. The inactive residual P constituted 85.91% of the total P in Ekpoma soils, while Ozalla soils and Illushi soils constituted 76.35% and 80.19% of the total P, respectively. There was a clear dominance of the inactive over the active forms, which partly explains the low available P in the soils and is also an indication that plants growing on these soils are not likely to obtain an adequate supply of P for good growth and development without P fertilizer application.Keywords: Distribution, Ecologies, Parent materials, Phosphorus, Profile pits, Soils
Aquatic insects, a tool for monitoring the health of riverine ecosystem, a case study of Killiyar, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Get PDFAquatic insects are used as model organisms for assessing the health status of lenthic or lotic ecosystems. Biomonitoring using entomological indicators is one of the widely accepted tools to analyze the impacts of sewages in aquatic environment. The present study was aimed to assess the health status of a semi urban river system, Killiyar using entomological indicators. Season wise sampling of aquatic insects was done at four selected segments according to the rapid bioassessment protocol recommended by Environmental Protection Agency. The present study could identify 29 families of aquatic insects for screening the levels of pollution in Killiyar. Family Biotic Index (FBI) showed that there was a remarkable variation in water quality along the river. Hilsenhoff’s family biotic index obtained for river origin was in the range 4.40 - 5.02 indicating excellent water quality. High value of family biotic index, least occurrence of intolerant groups and dominance of tolerant taxa in the midstream and downstream segments showed that increased contamination of water by various sources. Immediate attention is needed to cease the degradation of this precious ecosystem. Keywords: Aquatic insects, Biomonitoring, Family Biotic Index, Killiyar, Water pollutio
Comparative Assessment of Livelihood Vulnerability of Climate Induced Migrants: A Micro Level Study on Sagar Island, India
Get PDFThe effects of climate change are causing large scale human displacements over the past few decades. Climate refugees are putting the biggest challenges to the geophysical biological and social system all over the world. This paper attempts to assess and compare the vulnerability of the climate-induced migrants and regular settlers of selected mouzas of Sagar Island, south 24parganas, India. People are witnessing their lands vanishing under their feet in these constantly sinking and shrinking deltaic estuaries of Sundarban. Findings of LVI and LVI-IPCC analysis indicate that the climate-induced migrant communities are more exposed to climatic variability due to the poor adaptive capacity. Moreover, poor access to food, water, health facilities is making them extremely vulnerable with lower resilience as these mouzas are facing frequent flooding, severe coastal erosion, embankment breaching and higher storm surge on annual basis. The outcomes of this study could be beneficial ineffective on-site risk management and planning propositions
A spatio-temporal analysis of land use pattern and land use changes in Rajasthan
Get PDFLand use planning is a strategic planning exercise to enhance the future potential of the agricultural sector andachieve augmented growth through judicious management of land. The presentpaper expresses the Spatio-temporal pattern of land-use in Rajasthan during 1960-61 to 2017-18 periods. The objective of the present paper is to find out the land use in different categories and the trend of variations so that the characteristics of land utilization may be analyzed for future planning. The study examines trends of variations in land use patterns in districts of Rajasthan and provides policy implications for future planning. The proportion of net sown area in the state has increased significantly from 38.7 percent in 1960-61 to 52.21 percent in 2017-18. Forest acreage has increased considerably from 2.4 percent in 1960-61 to 8.03 percent of the reporting area in 2017-18 while barren and un-cultivable land declined from 15.2 percent to 6.95 percent over the period of time. Current Fallows and Fallow Land other than Current Fallow have significantly decreased in the same time period.Keywords: Land use, Net Sown Area, Spatio-temporal, Waste land
Vegetative characteristics of elite seedling mango germplasm in two districts of Punjab
Get PDFThe present investigations were carried out in full grown mango trees under Amritsar and Gurdaspur conditions of the Punjab. The various vegetative characters were studied. The considerable differences were observed among the germplasm under study. The highest measure for plant height and canopy volume had been exhibited by the genotype AKS-1. Genotype AR-1 exhibited a wide range of tangible diversity in trunk circumference (410.00 cm). The highest tree spread was measured in genotype AKS-1 (15.50m). The petiole length of the evaluated genotypes ranged from 2.00 to 4.50 cm. Conclusively all the genotypes were differ in vegetative character
A review on characteristics of pervious concrete using recycled aggregate
Get PDFPervious concrete is a mixture of cement, coarse aggregate mixed with water. The absence of fine aggregate helps increase the voids and water can pass through these gaps and reaches to ground level. The use of recycled coarse aggregates from construction and demolition is a sustainable solution with many environmental benefits and also reduces the number of virgin aggregates to be created, hence reducing the extraction of natural resources. This paper reviews the research developments of pervious concrete by replacing natural aggregates with different percentages of recycled coarse aggregate. The papers under consideration of review have conducted to identify various properties of pervious concrete such as mechanical and hydrological properties.
Keywords— pervious concrete, compressive strength, permeabilit