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CORONA-19 Lockdown: Significant Impact on India
No full textFrom all over the world, with a disease like COVID-19, there was no alternative to lockdown. Lockdown caused the entire world to collapse with India, but there were also some good results from the global recession. Lockdown period in India has helped reduce the prevalence of pollution, fuel and electricity abuse, accidents, deforestation, noise and addicts. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the significant impact of a one-month lockdown on India.
The Effect of organic manures on degrading soil due to brick manufacture industry at Changunarayan municipality of Bhaktapur district, Nepal
No full textA lab experiment was conducted to analyze the degraded land reclamation potential by the use of organic manure (OM) in the soil collected from Changunarayan municipality of Bhaktapur District, Nepal. Benchmark nutrient test was performed to the different soil sample collected from three land types i.e., brick kiln premises, excavated land and arable land. Further lab test was carried out by adding 2% and 4% OM by weight on 100g of each soil samples, replicating each for three. The samples were incubated at 32oC for 45 days and the soil chemical properties; N, P2O5, K2O, pH and soil organic matter were analyzed. It was revealed that with the application of 4% OM by weight in all soil samples collected, there was increased in chemical parameters analyzed, followed by 2% OM by weight. The total soil nitrogen content and soil organic matter content was found significant (P<0.05) with different treatment of OM. Significant change was seen in the phosphorus content in the soil from brick kiln premises with the application of 4% OM. Slight increase was seen in the potassium content with the application of different treatments in the soils. With the application of 2% and 4% OM, pH was found to be increased significantly in the soil from brick kiln premises. Thus, from this study, it is revealed that the use of 4% OM by weight might be optimal to improve the land degraded by the brick kilns and excavation to some extent but at 4-10 times higher economic cost than usual farming management practices of organic manure.El experimento de laboratorio se llevó a cabo para analizar el potencial de reclamo de tierras degradadas por el uso de abono orgánico (MO) en el suelo recolectado del municipio de Changunarayan del distrito de Bhaktapur, Nepal. Se realizó una prueba de referencia de nutrientes para las diferentes muestras de suelo recolectadas de tres tipos de tierra, es decir, locales de hornos de ladrillos, tierra excavada y tierra cultivable. Se llevaron a cabo más pruebas de laboratorio agregando 2% y 4% de MO por peso en 100 g de cada muestra de suelo, repitiendo cada una para tres. Las muestras se incubaron a 32oC durante 45 días y las propiedades químicas del suelo; Se analizaron N, P2O5, K2O, pH y materia orgánica del suelo. Se reveló que con la aplicación de 4% de MO por peso en todas las muestras de suelo recolectadas, se incrementó en los parámetros químicos analizados, seguido de 2% de MO por peso. El contenido total de nitrógeno del suelo y el contenido de materia orgánica del suelo se encontraron significativos (P <0.05) con diferentes tratamientos de la MO. Se observó un cambio significativo en el contenido de fósforo en el suelo de las instalaciones del horno de ladrillos con la aplicación de 4% de MO. Se observó un ligero aumento en el contenido de potasio con la aplicación de diferentes tratamientos en los suelos. Con la aplicación de 2% y 4% de MO, se encontró que el pH aumentó significativamente en el suelo de las instalaciones de los hornos de ladrillos. Por lo tanto, a partir de este estudio, se revela que el uso de 4% de MO por peso podría ser óptimo para mejorar la tierra degradada por los hornos de ladrillos y la excavación hasta cierto punto, pero a un costo económico de 4 a 10 veces mayor que el manejo de prácticas agrícolas habitual. abono orgánico
Trichodinids (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) in Rastrelliger kanagurta (Perciformes: Scombridae) and Oreochromis mossambicus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from India with two new host report: Trichodinid ciliates in two economically important fishes, Rastrelliger kanagurta (Perciformes: Scombridae) and Oreochromis mossambicus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from India
No full textTrichodinids are one of the main groups of fish parasites. These ciliates are pathogenic, causing damage to skin and gills, often leading to the death of the infested fish. Trichodinid ciliophorans are still a poorly studied group in India. A detailed account is given about the infestation and identification of trichodinids from the skin and gills of two economically important fishes in India, Rastrelliger. kanagurta Cuvier, 1816 and Oreochromis mossambicus Peters, 1852. Dried slides were prepared from the smears and impregnated with silver nitrate (2%). Morphometric characteristics were made, and schematic drawings of the denticles were prepared using photomicrographs produced from the slides. O. mossambicus was found positive for two species, viz., Trichodina magna Van As and Basson, 1989 and Paratrichodina africana Kazubski and El-Tantawy, 1986. R. kanagurta was found to be infested with Paratrichodina sp. Lom, 1963. Full descriptions of collected species are given. Seasonal variations in the rate of parasite infestation were observed in T. magna and P. africana from O. mossambicus. These parasites showed a significant increase during post-monsoon while a decrease during monsoon. No seasonal variation was observed in Paratrichodina infestation in R. kanagurta. The infection induced excessive mucus secretion, paleness in gills, and multifocal whitish areas and lesions that probably permitted entry of opportunistic bacteria, which eventually caused ulcers and death. The present study reports the first record of a trichodinid sp. on R. kanagurta and T. magna on O. mossambicus. 
Isolation, production and application of fibrinolytic enzyme from fermented rice, pulse and groundnut
Get PDFAccumulation of fibrin in blood vessels usually results in thrombosis, leading to myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular disease. For Thrombolytic therapy, microbial fibrinolytic enzymes have now attracted much more attention than typical thrombolytic agent because of the expensive prices and undesirable side effects of the latter. The fibrinolytic enzymes were successively discovered from different microorganisms. The most important among which is the Genus Bacillus from traditional fermented food. The physiochemical properties of these enzymes have been further identified. Therefore microbial fibrinolytic enzymes, especially those from food grade micro-organism, have the potential to be developed as functional food additive and drugs to prevent or cure other related diseases. In order to obtain Bacillus species producing fibrinolytic enzymes, the fermented food sample such as sprouted grain and processed grain etc were used. The heat tolerant isolates initially were selected for catalase test. Fibrinolytic activity of the selected isolates was determined by using Fibrin plate assay. From the above work, it can be concluded that the fibrinolytic enzyme produced by Bacillus from fermented food samples had the ability to degrade the fibrin and hence can be used for functional food formulation.
Keywords: Fibrin, myocardial infarction, thrombolytic agent, Bacillus, Fibrinolytic activity
Crossing the Seven Sea: Migration crisis during COVID-19 with reference to Uttar Pradesh
No full textWars, conflict and natural disasters displaced 14.6 million people in 127 countries from January-June 2020 (DTE, 2020). Just to elaborate, mankind is facing the worst pandemic ever, leading to huge loss of life and crippling the economy. Among there are the disadvantaged and poor section, who are worst affected in the present times. Union government implementation of lockdown across the country to curtail the transmission of virus and protect people from COVID-19 threat, turned into a major economic crisis for urban poor in general and migrants in particular apart from health hazard. With the announcement of lockdown 1.0, migrant workers from the big cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Ahmedabad, Bengaluru and Chennai started rushing back to their native place. Uttar Pradesh, houses about 20 million population, provides majority of informal workers to all these large cities. Just to quote from various reports several migrants died due heat (summer time), hunger and thirst. Incidences of administration brutality were also brought to light where some cops and administration were seen showing brutality towards them, including chemical sanitization, which could lead to skin irritation, eye irritation, respiratory system damage and kidney problems. Complete lockdown means no transport facilities were available, forcing large flock of human flow from cities to rural parts on foot or any means possible. Present research looks to analyse the plights of migrant workers during COVID-19 in the face of any pandemic. The study is based on the secondary data analysis, whereby both qualitative and quantitative techniques have been used. It was concluded that despite the lockdown and hardship associated the migrant workers were ready to travel any distance to reach their native place, (sense of belongingness). They were hopeful of reaching their village in whatever way possible, ready to march on cycle, walk back barefoot, buses, trains or any other means possible. The scenes of young people’s dragging their parents and kids caught the eyes of everyone, lifting them on their shoulders, child birth taking place on road and group of people crushed by running vehicle. The mass movement also sent government in wary and frenzy as they were unable to meet the demand for necessary items like food and water. Pandemic followed by delay in planning led migrants questioning their very existence and were jeopardised, fighting against pandemic is secondary and staying alive id primary. Though UP government made efforts to arrange bus services, but more needs to be done so as the migrants can cope up to the challenge’s posed by COVID-19.
Keywords: Migrants, COVID-19, Discrimination, Hunger, Lockdown and Social Justic
Food and medicinal properties of hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa & Hibiscus rosa-sinensis).
Get PDFThis study is based on the cultivation and scope of Hibiscus species, namely, Hibiscus rosa-Sinensis and Hibiscus sabdariffa. The objective was to find out the history of the production of Hibiscus, usage in different centuries, the most suitable regions for cultivation in India, various nutritive content, different health-related properties and benefits, new products that had been introduced, and abstract on what future may hold for the flowers. The study contains information on the antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-cancerous properties along with several benefits like hypolipidemic effect, blood pressure-lowering effect, anti-diabetic activity, effect on lipid metabolism, antihypertensive effect, etc on the concerned flower. We have looked into the limitation of the flower, the need for urgent preservation methods to extend the shelf life of the product. As per our findings roselle leaves are used for their, antimicrobial, emollient, antipyretic, diuretic, anti-helminthic, sedative properties and as a soothing cough remedy
To study the composition of minerals and vitamins of some fresh vegetables with special reference to the Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh India
Get PDFAims: This comparative study was carried out to evaluate the vitamin-C and mineral content of twenty-two different sorts of nutritious and low-cost fresh vegetables. Methodology: Vitamin C, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), phosphorus (P) contents were determined with the flame emission spectrophotometer. Results: Vitamin-C was higher in Momordica charantia (87.0 mg/100g) and lower in Vigna unguiculata (0.10 mg/100g). Calcium and magnesium of the green leafy vegetables were in the range of 191.0 - 12.0 mg/100g and 210.1- 9.0 mg/100g respectively. Sodium content largely varied from 58.1- 2.1 mg/100g in which Amaranthus cruentus content higher and Cucumis sativus had the lower content. The highest potassium content was recorded in Cucurbita pepo (384.0 mg/100g) and the lowest potassium content was found in Cucumis sativus (144.20 mg / 100g). Phosphorus content was ranged between 108.0 -13.0 mg /100 g in all the green leafy vegetables. There were significant correlations between mineral contents. Conclusion: These results revealed that selected vegetables contain an appreciable amount of vitamin C and minerals and should be included in diets as a supplement of daily allowance needed by the body.
Keyword: Fresh vegetable, Vitamin-C, Mineral composition, Kullu
A A systemic review on total phenolic content present in various drug substance.
No full textAntioxidant is a solidity which prevents the oxidation of a substrate.They fend off or delay the cell damage precipitated by free radical. The Antioxidant activity of the amalgam can be assessed by standard simple experiments like DPPH and FCR reagents tests .The main objective intent of this study is to evaluate and review the profitability of determining total phenolic content with the help of Folin Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) in any drug material agnate to the antioxidative property. Articles issued between 2004 to 2017 were encompassed in this review. Databases namely google scholar, PubMed were trouped for assemblaging the articles. Keyphrases like total phenolic content, FCR reagent, fruits, antioxidants were accustomed for assemblages of articles. The inspect of studies have stated that 23/30 reported praxis of FCR Reagent to dictate the antioxidative property of various drugs in impetus of qualitative and quantitative assay. The wind up of this study had disclosed that FCR is one of the frequent reagent which was used to determine the antioxidant property
Keywords Total Phenolic content, FCR Reagent, Antioxidants
Rural and Urban Household Carbon Footprint: A Comparative Study, West Bengal, India
Get PDFRural and Urban Household Carbon Footprint: A Comparative Study, West Bengal, India
Abstract
Household emission is a significant contributor to total emission in the atmosphere. Household emission is measured in terms of Per Capita Carbon Footprint. Carbon Footprint can be defined as the total amount of greenhouse gases produced directly and indirectly by any individual or organization from its activities and it is expressed in equivalent tons of carbon dioxide (CO2e). From the latest report of JRC, 2020 per capita global average of CO2 emission in 2019 was 4.93 tCO2 tonne/Per Year and in India it was 1.9 tCO2 tonne/Per Year. In this backdrop the objectives of the article are: i) to measure the activity wise household carbon footprint of the sample households, and ii) to compare the activity wise carbon footprint of rural and urban households during the study period. Household Per Capita Carbon Footprint has been calculated using the emission factors of different components. From the study it is observed that maximum amount of emission generates from cooking activities for rural households and from food activities for urban households. Per Capita Carbon Footprint of rural household is 0.6071 tCO2e tonne/Per Year and 0.5119 tCO2e tonne/Per Year for urban household.
Key words: Carbon footprint, household emission, global warming, fossil fuels, emission factor etc
Observations On The Abundance Of Oligochaeta Along With Some Environmental Factors In An Unmanaged Freshwater Wetland Of West Bengal, India. : Observations on the abundance of Oligochaeta along with some environmental factors.
No full textABSTRACT
The present work was undertaked to achieve a comprehensive knowledge on the abundance of oligochaeta species as well as the results of limnological investigation along with the ecohydrologycal status of an unmanaged wetland, in the planes of West Bengal, India. For the purpose of the hydrological study standard methods of American Public Health Association has been followed and the collection of benthic fauna (oligochaeta) was made employing Ekman’s dredge and standard sieve no. 60 having 0.4 mesh size.
During study the water temperature varied from 20oC to 30.25oC. Transparency was higher (88 cm) in winter and lower (21.15 cm) in post monsoon. pH was found to vary between alkaline (6.67) to acidic (8) in nature. Dissolved oxygen showed maximum fluctuation from 1.2 mg/lit to 11.2 mg/lit. Free CO2 was found to be higher than dissolved oxygen and varied from 2.4 mg/lit to 17 mg/lit. Hardness was always in a lower profile with a minimum of 13 mg/lit and a maximum of 20.7 mg/lit. On the other hand Nitrate nitrogen ranged from 0.03 mg/lit to 0.08 mg/lit while dissolved organic matter varied from 0.61 to 4.13 mg/lit.
While observing the biological components total six species of oligochaeta were identified with a maximum of 3333 ind/m2 and a minimum of 88 ind/m2. Among these six species Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri was the largest species which varied between 217 ind/m2and 2756 ind/m2 with a total 7041 ind/m2, comprised 46.81% of the total oligochaeta. Branchiodrilus sempari, the second largest species formed 22.8% of the total oligochaeta with a variation from 44 ind/m2 to 1820 ind/m2 and a total of 3429 ind/m2. Another species Dero digitata varied between 22 ind/m2 and 1267 ind/m2 and contributed 18.96% to the total oligochaeta with a total of 2852 ind m-2. On the other hand, Aulodrilus sp contained total 835 ind/m2 and ranged from 22 ind/m2 to 222 ind/m2 while Aulophorus farcatus contained total 775 ind/m2 and varied between 20 ind/m2 and 378 ind/m2 contributed 5.15% and 5.57% of total oligochaeta respectively. Branchiura sowerbyi formed only 2.92% of total population with a maximum of 178 ind/m2 and a minimum of 44 ind/m2. During community study it was found that the index of dominance varied from 0.345 to 0.902 and index of dominance from 0.098 to 0.655.
Key Words: Abiotic factors, Abundance, Freshwater, Oligochaeta, Unmanaged, Wetland.RESUMEN
El presente trabajo se realizó para lograr un conocimiento integral sobre la abundancia de especies de oligochaeta, así como los resultados de la investigación limnológica junto con el estado ecohidrológico de un humedal no manejado, en los planos de Bengala Occidental, India. A los efectos del estudio hidrológico se han seguido los métodos estándar de la Asociación Estadounidense de Salud Pública y se realizó la recolección de fauna bentónica (oligochaeta) empleando la draga de Ekman y el tamiz estándar núm. 60 con un tamaño de malla de 0.4.
Durante el estudio, la temperatura del agua varió de 20oC a 30,25oC. La transparencia fue mayor (88 cm) en invierno y menor (21.15 cm) en el período posterior al monzón. Se encontró que el pH variaba entre alcalino (6.67) y ácido (8) por naturaleza. El oxígeno disuelto mostró una fluctuación máxima de 1.2 mg / litro a 11.2 mg / litro. Se encontró que el CO2 libre era más alto que el oxígeno disuelto y variaba de 2.4 mg / litro a 17 mg / litro. La dureza siempre estuvo en un perfil más bajo con un mínimo de 13 mg / litro y un máximo de 20.7 mg / litro. Por otro lado, el nitrógeno nitrato osciló entre 0.03 mg / litro y 0.08 mg / litro, mientras que la materia orgánica disuelta varió entre 0.61 y 4.13 mg / litro.
Al observar los componentes biológicos en total se identificaron seis especies de oligochaeta con un máximo de 3333 ind / m2 y un mínimo de 88 ind / m2. Entre estas seis especies, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri fue la especie más grande que varió entre 217 ind / m2 y 2756 ind / m2 con un total de 7041 ind / m2, comprendiendo el 46.81% del total de oligochaeta. Branchiodrilus sempari, la segunda especie más grande formó el 22.8% del total de oligochaeta con una variación de 44 ind / m2 a 1820 ind / m2 y un total de 3429 ind / m2. Otra especie Dero digitata varió entre 22 ind / m2 y 1267 ind / m2 y contribuyó con 18.96% al total de oligochaeta con un total de 2852 ind/ m2. Por otro lado, Aulodrilus sp contenía un total de 835 ind / m2 y osciló entre 22 ind / m2 y 222 ind / m2 mientras que Aulophorus farcatus contenía un total de 775 ind / m2 y varió entre 20 ind / m2 y 378 ind / m2 contribuyó con un 5.15% y 5.57% del total de oligochaeta respectivamente. Branchiura sowerbyi formó solo el 2.92% de la población total con un máximo de 178 ind / m2 y un mínimo de 44 ind / m2. Durante el estudio de la comunidad se encontró que el índice de dominancia variaba de 0.345 a 0.902 y el índice de dominancia de 0.098 a 0.655.
Palabras clave: factores abióticos, abundancia, agua dulce, oligochaeta, no gestionado, humedal