Portal de Revistas Académicas UC Temuco
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Sustainability and Challenges of rainwater resource exploitation in the rural communities of Oyo State, Nigeria: Rainwater exploitation in th rural communities
No full textDespite the fact that rainwater is in abundant supply in the humid tropics, this resource is still being underutilized for domestic purposes when compared with other sources of water. A study was thus conducted to assess the sustainability and challenges facing optimal exploitation of rain water. A survey was conducted in 125 rural communities with at least five rural communities selected from 25 rural Local Government Areas. The results showed that people’s perception of rain water, inadequate storage facilities, availability at home during the rain incidence and seasonality of rainfall were the challenges of effective utilization of rainwater in the rural areas. The study further discovered that rain water is dependable as for domestic uses between the months of April and October while the dependence level of rain water from the months of November and March is about zero. A paired sample T-Test results showed that there is a significant difference between the average monthly water demand and the monthly storable water at 1% level of significance. This implies that stored rainwater is not sufficient to cater for the household water demand. Hence, it is suggested that exploitation of rain water should be encouraged by boosting the capacity of the rural dwellers so that they can acquire storage facilities that will enhance sufficient storage. Stakeholders can also support this campaign through economic empowerment of the inhabitants in the rural areas so that underground water can be protected for the purpose of rain water exploitation.
Marathwada agro-climatic drought detection by utilization of temperature and vegetation index records
Full text linkSemi-arid Marathwada economy depends on agricultural production and in recent decades the drought has been observed as an all part of the several recurrent climates related environmental hazards in region, frequently destroying livelihood, socio-economy, and food security of region. The economy of the nation affected due to less productivity of crops as well as decreases the soil moisture. In present work the remote sensing, image processing and geospatial techniques effectively using for drought management, mitigation practices, monitoring and assessment. The main objective of study is to analyze VCI and TCI indices. MOD11A2 and MOD13C2 data (year 2000, 2005, 2014 and 2016) is used for derive the TCI and VCI respectively. Time series of TCI and VCI shows that in certain years resembles each other’s and their result helps to determined occurrence and severity drought. The result shows the seasonal VCI is directly related to the seasonal rainfall as well as TCI of region. The analysis reveals that the conformation of demonstrating extension and severity of aridity in the Marathwada region. The motivation behind the examination to compute the vegetation index (NDVI) and Temperature Condition Index helps to review of agricultural practices and water use
Seismic performance of RC frame retrofitted using steel bracing.
Full text linkHigh rise buildings which are very common nowadays are subjected to problems due to lateral loads. Due to lateral loads like wind, earthquake etc. the structural stability of the structure is reduced. The lateral loads produce sway moment and induce high stresses in the structure. In order to reduce these effects of lateral loads bracings are efficient and effective. Bracings can be used for seismic retrofitting due to their high stiffness. Retrofitting approaches can be used to improve the seismic performance of the existing structures, before that are subjected to an earthquake. There are two retrofitting approaches, first is to add a new structural element like steel braces or shear wall and second is to provide concrete or steel jacketing. In this work steel bracings are used to retrofit the structure and they are provided in both concentric and eccentric manner. The main aim of the work is to analyze the performance of the building when the bracings are provided in eccentric manner. This study also focuses on performance of building with mega braced frame. Braced frames reduce lateral displacement and the bending moment in columns. Steel bracing is economical, easy to erect, occupies less space and has flexibility to design for meeting the required strength and stiffness. Different types of bracing such as V bracing, X bracing and diagonal bracing are provided. Seismic analysis is done using ETABS software.
Keywords— Steel bracing, ETABS, Seismic analysi
Proposal of construction material flow index for multi-storey residential buildings.
Full text linkBesides water, construction materials are indeed the major flows that enter the sites. Administration and movement of these supplies are the challenges experienced on sites nowadays due to the scarcity of materials, delays in terms of availability, inefficient transport facilities, damage and waste and limited space for storage. Effective flow of material is very critical for maintaining a productive and cost efficient location. Poor disposal and haulage during site operations is an important issue that jeopards the efficiency of construction projects. Unsatisfactory handling, storage and management of materials on work sites will seriously hinder the performance of the project. In construction site, a new approach is therefore required to analyze the flow of materials. The project deals with the identification of optimum material flow factors identified from literature review and analysed for index generation by developing formula for index. This includes measures of material movement, its consumption and excess disposal of waste. The proposed construction flow index (CFI) is a composite indicator that illustrates the repetitive construction project efficiency of the output flow. The CFI is a powerful instrument for assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of construction projects and monitoring the movement of supplies. An index is generated for the quantitative analysis of the material flow at work sites in this project
The influence of cbr value on the cost of optimal flexible pavement design.
Full text linkRoad transport would be arteries for the economy pulse. As a developing nation, India focuses on connecting all parts of the country through this road network. Flexible pavement is generally preferred for the road with low to medium traffic conditions. The flexible pavement design depends on the CBR of subgrade soil and design traffic for the selected road specified in IRC 37-2018. The study is limited to the road link at Tirunelveli City paved with a bituminous surface course with a granular base and sub-base between South Bypass road Junction near New bus stand – NH 44 service road intersection. Effective subgrade CBR value considered from 9% to 15% in the study area. The traffic volume detail and vehicle classification were collected with the help of an automatic vehicle classifier called MetroCount. The design starts with selecting a trial profile by considering CBR and MSA from the appropriate catalog. The stress and strain were estimated at critical locations of pavement by performing Structural Analysis in IITPAVE software. The optimal design is achieved by altering the layer thickness to minimize the gap between actual and allowable strain. An increase in CBR value decreases the thickness of the functional layer of pavement. Cost estimation has arrived from rate analysis for various work items as per IRC specification and schedule of rates. Similar studies were identified in evaluating the construction cost corresponding to different design methods. This study concluded that improvement in 1 % CBR saves about 1 to 2% of overall construction cost in optimal design.
Keyword-- CBR (California bearing ratio); MSA (Million standard axles); Optimal flexible pavement; IITPAVE; MetroCoun
Investigations and comparison of a conventional sand filter and a modified sand filter for water purification.
Full text linkWater being a depleting resource needs to be treated in a sustainable way. The oldest-natural method of purifying drinking water is to use sand filters, made by using layers of sand and gravel placed at proportional depths and sizes. A few drawbacks like requirement of further disinfection, bad odour, inefficiency in removing chemicals like cholrine, fertilizers etc,. does not allow the usage of conventional method. Hence in this research work a Modified Sand Filter is constructed by partial replacement of sand with Granulated Activated Carbon in order to overcome all possible drawbacks.
GAC is a locally available material made from materials like coal, wood, coconut shell, nutshells or any carbonaceous materials, which makes it a “sustainable, cost efficient and eco friendly material” as it is a reuse material. The principle of water purification through GAC is adsorption of contaminants in the microscopic pores on its surface. GAC has small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions. Due to its high degree of micro porosity, one gram of activated carbon has a surface area in excess of 3,000 m2 allowing it to remove particles ranging from 0.5 – 10 microns and therefore removes pesticides, chlorides and microplastics as well. It is observed from experimental results that various physical and chemical parameters (taste, odour, pH, turbidity, chloride and hardness) have been improved (IS 10500: 2012) after using the Modified Sand Filter. Therefore further experimentation can be done to check its efficiency in removal of other hazardous substances
¿Qué es lo cultural del encuentro intercultural de atención de salud de poblaciones migrantes internacionales en Chile? Algunas reflexiones antropológicas
Full text linkChile has become a host country for an international migrant population in the past years, with a growing influx of immigrants over time. Among the challenges of international migration, it is the equitable and timely access of international migrants to the health system, reporting barriers to access to health care. Among the barriers, the intercultural encounter in health and health care with cultural relevance to the needs of the migrant population areidentified. In this essay we develop a reflection on the cultural aspects that are inherent to the health care environment, considering the place, actors that participate in the interaction and the time taken. A prior conceptual framework is developed to lay the foundations for reflection, based on the concepts of culture, intercultural health and symbolic interactionism as a proposal for an approach to this phenomenon. For the realization of this article, a bibliographic review is carried out in scientific databases (Pubmed, Scielo and Google Scholar) and grey literature, with the aim of reflecting on the cultural aspects in the health care encounter among international migrant population and the healthcare professionals who serve them.
Chile se ha vuelto un país receptor de población migrante internacional en los últimos años, con creciente influjo en el tiempo. Dentro de los desafíos de la migración internacional se encuentra el acceso equitativo y oportuno de migrantes internacionales al sistema de salud, reportándose diversas barreras para el acceso a la atención de salud. Dentro de las barreras se identifica el encuentro intercultural en salud y la atención de salud con pertinencia cultural a las necesidades de la población migrante. En este ensayo se desarrolla una reflexión sobre los aspectos culturales propios del espacio de atención de salud, considerando el lugar, actores que participan de la interacción y tiempo en que ocurre la atención. Se desarrolla un marco conceptual previo para sentar bases para la reflexión, basados en los conceptos de cultura, interculturalidad en salud e interaccionismo simbólico como propuesta de acercamiento a este fenómeno. Para la realización de este artículo se lleva a cabo una revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos científicos (Pubmed, Scielo y Google Scholar) y literatura gris nacional e internacional, con el objetivo de reflexionar sobre lo cultural en el encuentro de atención de salud entre población migrante internacional y los profesionales de salud que los atienden.
Maternidad y cárcel en Sudamérica: una niñez casi invisible y con mínimos cuidados
Full text linkThis article analyzes the relationship between motherhood and incarceration in penitentiary centers in South America, especially in terms of the impact on children and adolescents (NNA by its Spanish initials) and on the women deprived of their liberty. To do this, a systematic review of recent (lastdecade) articles that address the subject empirically was carried out. selecting 12 articles from the period 2010-2021. The main findings of our review suggest that motherhood behind bars and the situation of children with incarcerated paternal referentsis a serious problem, one of increasing massiviness and quite invisible in South America, with various negative effects for both, the NNA themselves and the incarcerated women, including mental health, behavioral and adaptive problems, as well as latent social impacts of female incarceration. At the same time, while there is some research and intervention, the situation of child victims exposed to incarceration (in various forms) remains largely unprotected, as a combined result of a patriarchal society, punitive criminal policies that continue to subordinate women – and with it, to childhood—to the dominant interests, in their androcentric and adult-centric aspects, and little empirical research of a national and/or longitudinal nature. In the midst of this strong invisibility in the region, we dare to make some public policy and intervention suggestions to reverse part of the negative effects of incarceration on children and their mothers.El presente artículo analiza la relación entre maternidad y encarcelamiento en centros penitenciarios de América del Sur, especialmente en términos del impacto en los niños, niñas y adolescentes y en las propias mujeres privadas de libertad. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos que abordaran la temática de manera empírica y reciente (última década), seleccionándose finalmente 12 artículos para el periodo 2010-2021. Los principales hallazgos de nuestra revisión sugieren que, tanto la maternidad tras las rejas como la situación de niñez con referentes paternos encarcelados es un problema grave, de creciente masividad y bastante invisible en Sudamérica, con diversos efectos negativos tanto para los propios NNA como para las mujeres encarceladas, incluyendo problemas de salud mental, conductuales y adaptativos, además de impactos sociales latentes que acarrea el encarcelamiento femenino. Al mismo tiempo, si bien existen algunas investigaciones e intervenciones, la situación de la infancia víctima expuesta al encarcelamiento (en diversas formas) sigue estando bastante desprotegida como un resultado combinado de una sociedad patriarcal, de políticas criminales punitivas que siguen subordinando a las mujeres –y con ello, a la niñez—a los intereses dominantes, en sus vertientes androcéntricas y adulto-céntricas; y de una escasa investigación empírica de corte nacional y/o longitudinal. En medio de esta fuerte invisibilidad en la región, nos atrevemos a realizar algunas sugerencias de política pública e intervención para revertir parte de los efectos negativos del encarcelamiento en los NNA y sus madres
“Uno sabe cuando ya”: percepciones de adolescentes gays mexicanos sobre la invisibilización de niñeces y adolescencias no heterosexuales
Full text linkThis research explores and analyzes the opinions and ideas of a group of gay teenangers from Mexico City and the metropolitan area in terms of socially constructed looks around sexual diversity. This is an interpretative qualitative research made from semi-structured interviews –in its e-interview modality– for data collection, and discourse analysis for the interpretation of the empirical "corpus". The theoretical argument starts from a critical look atheteronormativity and adultocentrism from a gender perspective, LGBTIQ+ studies and youth studies. The findings presented points in three directions: the questioning of the invisibility of gay childhoods and teens; the criticism of attempts at correction or healing; and the recognition of sexual diversity as a right. The final reflections emphasize the need to make LGBTIQ+ minors visible and the importance of deconstructing prescriptions and beliefs that deny certain sexual existences.En el presente trabajo se exploran y analizan las opiniones e ideas de un grupo de adolescentes gays de la Ciudad de México y el área metropolitana en cuanto a las miradas construidas socialmente alrededor de las niñeces y adolescencias sexodiversas. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa interpretativa en la que se empleó la entrevista semiestructurada –en su modalidad de e-entrevista– para la recolección de datos, y el análisis del discurso para la interpretación del “corpus” empírico. Teóricamente se argumenta desde una mirada crítica a la heteronormatividad y el adultocentrismo a partir de referentes de la perspectiva de género, los estudios de la diversidad sexual y de las juventudes. Los hallazgos presentados apuntan en tres direcciones: el cuestionamiento a la invisibilización de las niñeces y adolescencias gay, la crítica a los intentos de corrección o curación y el reconocimiento de la diversidad sexual como derecho. En las reflexiones finales se enfatiza en la necesidad de visibilizar la presencia de menores de edad LGBTIQ+ así como la importancia de deconstruir prescripciones y creencias que niegan ciertas existencias sexuales
Integrated solid waste management plan for Khau Galli (food lane in Kohapur)- a case study.
Full text linkSolid waste management is an essentiality in this contemporary society, involving countless treatment facilities and many outputs that are circulated back into society. This case study precisely focuses on segregation, management, and technological treatments with the cooperation of both Local food vendors of Khau Galli(Food Lane in Kolhapur) and Kolhapur Municipal Corporation. The framework proposes integrations in the existing approaches with simple modifications and research study through different samples over a certain period. This framework may have systematic and efficient solutions addressing sustainability in broader aspects.
The case study is to finalize community bins from representative areas and to study the composition of solid waste dwelling in the community bins and its effective management. Research on various methods adopted at various levels to manage solid waste at its place of generation. The framework suggests methodologies for the sustainable management of solid waste produced by the institute at the institute level itself and to implement effective segregation of waste.
Keywords: Food Vendors, Sustainable Management, Municipal Corporation, Solid Waste Management, Segregation, Technological Treatments.