eCommons at Roseman University
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Role of dexmedetomidine in psychiatry - a literature review
Full text linkPurpose This literature review aims to evaluate the clinical use of dexmedetomidine in psychiatry, specifically in the management of neurobehavioral manifestations associated with psychiatric diagnoses defined by the DSM-5 or ICD-10. Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 receptor agonist, effectively reduces a heightened sympathetic response and provides sedative, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The neurobehavioral manifestations include psychomotor agitation, delirium, catatonia, impaired focus, hyperactivity, mania, and hallucinations as seen in psychiatric conditions such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, ADHD, and autism. The purpose of this review is to identify use of dexmedetomidine in clinical psychiatry in controlling neurobehavioral manifestations and identifying its effectiveness and safety profile. lit
Methods This literature review includes studies where dexmedetomidine was administered to patients with psychiatric diagnoses for managing neurobehavioral manifestations in both an inpatient and outpatient setting. Psychiatric diagnoses met the diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5 or ICD-10. Literature was sourced from databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase, focusing on human and animal studies. The review includes randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and literature reviews. Data about dexmedetomidine\u27s indications, mechanisms of action, routes of administration, treatment outcomes, and adverse effects were included.
Results The review found that dexmedetomidine effectively reduces psychomotor agitation in patients with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and withdrawal syndromes, without severe sedation or respiratory depression. In alcohol withdrawal syndrome, dexmedetomidine safely managed autonomic hyperactivity and prevented progression to delirium tremens. Animal studies highlighted its potential to mitigate ADHD-like symptoms by reducing gut-brain axis inflammation, improving focus, and decreasing hyperactivity. Its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects also showed promise in improving memory and reducing neuroinflammation in conditions like Alzheimer’s disease and depression. Additionally, in autism patients presenting with catatonia, dexmedetomidine provided acute stabilization.
Conclusions Dexmedetomidine demonstrates potential to reduce neurobehavioral manifestations in psychiatry while also providing a safer side effect profile. Dexmedetomidine was successful in managing psychomotor agitation, delirium in alcohol withdrawal syndrome, ADHD, and catatonia in autism. Additionally, dexmedetomidine\u27s neuroprotective effects may have potential in improving neuroinflammatory disorders like Alzheimer’s disease and depression. Dexmedetomidine’s ability to effectively reduce sympathetic hyperactivity without significant side effect risk emphasizes its potential in psychiatric care
Thermophilic Microbiota of Fifth Water Hot Springs: A Genomic Perspective
Full text linkGeothermal hot springs provide unique microbial habitats characterized by extreme temperatures, variable pH, and diverse geochemical conditions. This study investigates the microbial diversity of three hot spring locations in Diamond Fork Canyon, Utah—Diamond Fork Warm Springs, Fifth Water Hot Springs, and Monk’s Hollow Trailhead—using Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Samples were collected in triplicate and analyzed to identify the bacterial composition, with a focus on potential opportunistic pathogens. Our results revealed a diverse microbial community, including members of Pseudomonas, Comamonas, Helicobacter, and Flavobacterium, some of which are known for biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and pathogenic potential. The presence of Helicobacter bilis and Helicobacter felis, both associated with gastrointestinal diseases, highlights potential public health concerns for recreational visitors. Additionally, members of Pseudomonas and Comamonas exhibited traits linked to environmental resilience and opportunistic infections. These findings contribute to a better understanding of microbial ecology in geothermal environments and underscore the need for further research on the potential health risks posed by bacteria inhabiting hot spring ecosystems
Circadian Rhythm and its Impact on Balance and Physical Performance
Full text linkThis study explores the relationship between circadian rhythms and human performance across three key domains: cardiovascular endurance, vestibular function, and strength. Through the review of data obtained through performance testing at two different time points along with 24-hour physiological tracking, this study attempts to find correlations between circadian function and physical performance
Tracking the Effects of Time Zone Shift on an Individual’s Circadian Rhythm
Full text linkThis poster presentation aims to understand how a rapid time-zone change can affect an individual’s circadian rhythms. By quantifying changes in physiological rhythms, the study seeks to develop targeted therapeutic interventions to mitigate the negative effects of jetlag
United in Inquiry: Exploring Interprofessional Collaboration in Healthcare Research
Full text linkThis poster explores an interprofessional research project conducted by an OT professional, a data analyst and two medical students at Touro University Nevada
A Galleria mellonella Study: Protective Effects of Sulforaphane on Immune Function in Binge Alcohol Exposure
Full text linkAlcohol is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Pulmonary infections with opportunistic pathogens can occur in healthy humans; however, hazardous alcohol exposure like binge alcohol intoxication (≥ 0.08% BAC) is a major risk factor. We’ve previously investigated the efficacy of Sulforaphane (SFN) prophylaxis in protecting human and murine alveolar macrophage function against opportunistic infections when exposed to binge alcohol conditions in vitro. However, an in vivo model investigating SFN and hazardous alcohol exposure in the context of infection is not well understood. The aim of this study is to 1) establish a G. mellonella larvae model by determining the LD50 of alcohol, SFN, Gram-Positive S. epidermidis, and Gram-Negative B. thailandensis and 2) test the protective effects of SFN against a bacterial infection after hazardous alcohol exposure
