Al-Kindi Center for Research and Development (KCRD) (E-Journals)
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Effective Factors in Applying Sustainable Design to Architectural Projects: Shiraz Case
No full textThere is currently significant interest in the concept of sustainability. Sustainable architecture often serves as a symbol of sustainability in contemporary cities. The negative environmental impacts of buildings are worsening, making it crucial to find ways to minimize these effects and maximize the use of sustainable building materials. Architects and builders use various construction methods to reduce the environmental impact of structures. In architectural practice, the three core principles of sustainability—social, economic, and environmental factors—are often overlooked by architects during the design phase. Furthermore, sustainability has not been prioritized in architectural education and practice. Given the growing construction activities to meet Shiraz\u27s development needs, applying sustainable design principles is a necessity. The aim of this study is to examine how sustainable design principles are applied by architects in Shiraz in their projects. To this end, 106 building architects were surveyed using a questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS software and Pearson correlation coefficient. The study\u27s results revealed that a significant number of architects apply sustainable design principles in their projects. Additionally, economic and environmental factors were identified as the most important considerations for implementing sustainable design principles in architectural projects, according to respondents. Statistical analysis also indicated a meaningful relationship between awareness of architectural concepts and their implementation in architectural projects
أثر الصوت في المعنى عند ابن جني في المحتسب: دراسة صوتية ودلالية
No full text يتناول البحث الأثر الذي يتركه الصوت في المعنى عند ابن جني من خلال المحتسب، وتتمثل إشكالية البحث في ماهية الصوت التركيبي وغير التركيبي، وفي قوة الصوت وضعفه، والعوامل المؤثرة في هذا الجانب، ومدى تأثر معنى الآيات بالقراءات المختلفة، ويهدف البحث إلى: توضيح المقصود بالأصوات التركيبية وغير التركيبية، وبيان قوة الصوت وضعفه، ومدى تأثير ذلك على الدلالة. وقد اتبع البحث المنهج الوصفي، وبدأ بمدخل مفاهيمي عن معنى القراءات الشاذة لغة واصطلاحا وأنواعها وتاريخ شذوذ القراءات، ثم تحدث البحث في المبحث الأول عن مفهوم علم الدلالة الصوتية، وأثر الأصوات التركيبية وغير التركيبية في الدلالة، وفي المبحث الثاني أورد البحث بعض الأمثلة القرآنية من القراءات الشاذة الواردة في المحتسب، وأثرها على المعنى، ويختم البحث بالنتائج والتوصيات التي توصل إليها
Challenges in Consecutive Interpreting by Undergraduate Students for The Politeness Strategies in Biden\u27s Election Speech: A Conceptual Paper
No full textThis research examines the consecutive interpreting challenges encountered by undergraduate students while translating the politeness strategies utilized in one of the election speeches by President Joe Biden. The primary gap is how translation students navigate politeness strategies during their interpretations. A qualitative method of observation and note-taking was used to collect the data. Brown and Levinson\u27s (1987) politeness theory was used to analyse the politeness strategies that were used by President Biden. Moreover, Nida’s equivalence model (1964) was adopted to analyse the student’s consecutive interpretations of those strategies. The expected results will be divided into two sections to achieve the objectives of this research. Firstly. Specifying the politeness strategies that utilized by President Joe Bidin. Secondly, the problem of undergraduate translation students interpreting politeness strategies is also a problem. This research helps future researchers to know the precise problems of interpreting a linguistic aspect which is politeness strategies by undergraduate students. It could help them to look for solutions to further problems in other linguistic aspects such as persuasion and refusal strategies in Bidin\u27s speeches or any other presidential speeches
Trainee Interpreters’ Comments on Sight Translation Practice Oriented to Simultaneous Interpreting Learning: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
No full textSight translation (ST) practice has been adopted by interpreter trainers to facilitate trainees’ simultaneous interpreting (SI) learning. However, it remains uncertain as to how trainee interpreters perceive the role of ST practice in SI learning and how such practice is carried out in different interpreter training programmes. Therefore, the study sets out to examine how trainee interpreters perceive and experience ST practice tailored to SI learning. In this study, nine trainee interpreters from three training programmes took part in one-to-one interviews about their SI-oriented ST practice, with the interview data subject to interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Following IPA, two major themes occurred: 1) inconsistent perceptions towards ST’s effects on SI and 2) between-programme similarities/differences in arranging ST practice. The study serves to enrich scholarly understanding on SI-oriented ST practice, as well as demonstrating potential issues in ST practice designs
Maya Angelou\u27s I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings: The Journey to Freedom and Empowerment
No full textMaya Angelou\u27s memoir, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969), demonstrates the transformative power of resistance and the complexities of being a Black woman in a racially oppressive society. This paper delves into Angelou\u27s narrative, examining how she portrays the complexities and intersections of race and gender and their impact on Black women’s lives. The study also explores the various forms of resistance employed by Angelou and other Black women depicted in the memoir through the Black feminist perspectives of Patricia Hill Collins. This perspective provides a lens through which to thoroughly examine the themes of racism, sexism, identity, and resilience central to Angelou\u27s work. Collins’ perspectives offer a critical and intersectional analysis of Black women\u27s unique perspectives, experiences, and struggles. This study argues that Angelou\u27s acts of defiance, ranging from self-expression through literature and poetry to the pursuit of education and the strength found in the community, lead to personal growth, empowerment, and liberation. The findings of this research highlight Angelou’s self-determination, acts of defiance and resistance, self-expression, and collective solidarity in the ongoing struggle against intersectional oppression and the impact on her journey of empowerment, self-healing, and liberation to become a voice that supports others’ freedom
The Dynamics of Labour and the Overcoming of Feudalism: Internal Contradictions and Socioeconomic Transformations
No full textThis article analyses the transformations within the feudal system in Western Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries, focusing on the interplay of economic, social, and political dynamics. It highlights the decline of personal obligations and the shift from in-kind rents to monetary rents, driven by increasing peasant autonomy and the monetisation of the economy. Economic shifts, such as monetisation, reshaped feudal relations and set the stage for new modes of production. These changes destabilised the feudal order as inflation eroded the value of fixed tributes, leading to the fragmentation of the seigneurial domain. The rise of urban centres and market expansion accentuated internal contradictions, particularly between the productive forces (the tools, skills, and knowledge used in production) and production relations (the social relationships people enter into during the production process). These contradictions paved the way for the dissolution of feudal structures. Drawing on a Marxist perspective, this study underscores the centrality of class tensions and systemic contradictions in the transition towards a capitalist economy grounded in labour mobility and private property
From the Ottoman Empire, Iran, Egypt, and Russia to Europe: A Look at 19th Century Travelogues
No full textTravelogues are considered one of the main historical sources, a significant part of the historical material discussed by old and new historians is devoted to historical journeys and recording the experiences and achievements of other communities and lands, in the 18th and 19th centuries AD (similar to the development of motorized transport), overland travel from west to east and east to west increased greatly, and many travelers with different purposes and motivations traveled long sea and land routes. In the years when they were away from their original homelands, they were occupied with recording the status of other communities and lands, some of these travel writers initially traveled for different purposes such as business, studying science or establishing relations between governments, and writing travelogues was not their main occupation and most did so while doing other things. The main purposes and motivations of travel in the 18th and 19th centuries included trading, learning new information and experiences, establishing diplomatic relations between governments, escaping from the tyranny of rulers or forced exile, spreading and disseminating religious beliefs, discovering societies, and especially in the 19th century, unknown cultures and the endless human adventure instinct that led to important and influential journeys throughout human history. Although Europeans made exploration and adventurous trips before Easterners in the contemporary period, even the memories and descriptions of Europeans about Eastern countries constitute a significant part of the historical sources of the modern period. After the Great French Revolution, Europe was attractive and important to the people of the East, and travelers from the East, especially from the neighbors of this continent, including the Ottoman Empire, Egypt, Iran, and Russia, entered Europe. In the new era, the West of the World was accepted as the birthplace and origin of modernity and various developments, a model and guide for progress and civilization, and the intellectuals and writers of that period sought to develop their governments by following and imitating Europe as the path of progress and development. The Ottoman Empire, Russia, and Egypt, which were geographically connected and close to Europe, have always been at the center of tourist traffic to and from Europe. Having a special position in the Middle East, the lands of Iran have always attracted the attention of Western tourists and adventurers, in the 18th and 19th centuries, commercial and political travels between Iran and Europe increased, and during this period, Iranian rulers and kings always sent many ambassadors, businessmen and students to the West due to Western science and technology, and at the same time, they received the support of Western powers for the continuation of their reign. In this article, I have tried to briefly review the European travel experiences by taking four examples of Eastern tourists (Ottoman, Iranian, Egyptian, and Russian), the relatively different aspects of contemporary Europe are reflected in the travelogues discussed, and although there are many similarities, the differences in narrative and vision are clear and evident in these travelogues, of course, the topics discussed in this article are selected from their travelogues and some related works and articles
Approaching the Construction of Arguments in Postgraduate Education Programs
No full textConstructing arguments, applying logical reasoning, and developing intellectual skills are fundamental to academic success in postgraduate education and qualitative research. The study objective of this paper aims at critically analyzing argument construction, logical reasoning, and intellectual skill development as fundamental components of postgraduate education and qualitative research. The analysis highlights the importance of these elements in fostering critical engagement, advancing knowledge, and contributing to scholarly discourse. The paper draws on academic literature to offer a nuanced interpretation of these interconnected dimensions and explores strategies to enhance argumentation, reasoning, and intellectual skills in postgraduate education. The analysis supports that logical reasoning is the cornerstone of effective argumentation, offering systematic methods to connect premises to conclusions. Deductive reasoning is highlighted for its role in hypothesis testing and causal analysis, ensuring precise and reliable conclusions. Inductive reasoning, a bottom-up approach, uncovers patterns and trends from specific observations, proving essential for theory development and exploratory research. Abductive reasoning facilitates plausible explanations for poorly defined phenomena, while retroductive reasoning identifies underlying causes to generate alternative theoretical models. Results of the assessment also emphasize the need for postgraduate students to develop intellectual skills, including critical thinking, synthesis, and dialectic reasoning. It is confirmed that constructing arguments, applying logical reasoning, and developing intellectual skills are essential for postgraduate education Future research should explore innovative strategies to support argument construction, interdisciplinary collaboration, and intellectual growth, ensuring the continued evolution of postgraduate education and academic inquiry
Donald Trump\u27s Satirical Remarks toward Joe Biden and Kamala Harris during the 2024 Presidential Debates: A Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)
No full textThis study investigates the satirical remarks uttered by President Donald Trump towards former President Joe Biden and former Vice President Kamala Harris during the 2024 Presidential election utilizing Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), applying Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional model. The study addresses two essential questions: (1) What are the hidden implications of President Trump’s remarks toward former President Biden and former Vice President Harris? and (2) How do these remarks contribute to weakening the public image of Biden and Harris? A qualitative analysis of Trump\u27s language reveals that satire played a crucial role in Trump’s discourse, with repeated mockery as a strategic instrument to undermine the political image of the opponents. The analysis shows how Trump’s satirical remarks shaped public views, effectively deteriorating the credibility of Biden and Harris as perceived by their advocates and potential voters. The study addresses the implications for future investigation, encouraging a more nuanced exploration of the linguistic strategies utilized by Biden and Harris as a counter to Trump\u27s discourse. Future studies could benefit from incorporating alternative theoretical frameworks, such as Foucault’s views on discourse and power, to expand the comprehension of political language in presidential campaigns
Immigration Policy Reforms: Balancing National Security and Humanitarian Concerns
No full textThis research explores the intricate relationship between immigration policy reforms, national security, and humanitarian concerns. While governments worldwide strive to maintain national security, it is equally imperative to uphold humanitarian principles. This article critically examines the historical evolution of immigration policies, their impact on national security, and the necessity of a balanced approach that considers the human rights of immigrants and refugees. Through statistical analysis, case studies, and policy evaluation, this paper aims to propose viable immigration reforms that align security imperatives with humanitarian obligations