African Journal of Empirical Research
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External Recruitment and Staff Retention Dilemma at Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Tanzania
Get PDFThis paper describes the scenario of external recruitment and staff retention dilemma at Dar es Salaam University College of Education (DUCE) as experienced between 2021 and 2023. In a similar period, a newly appointed Principal of the College, immediately started to analyze the issue with intention to sort it out by conveying regular meetings with the Head of Departments and senior staff. The case investigated the root causes behind the increased turnover rates among academic staff at DUCE, specifically the case explored the effectiveness of the institution\u27s recruitment policy, weighing the advantages and disadvantages of hiring from external sources versus promoting employees internally. Using the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Equity Theory as guiding frameworks, the study examined the implications of both recruitment strategies on employee morale, satisfaction, and the institution\u27s overall credibility. The business case adopted analytical approach in order to present the event or situation of external recruitment and staff retention dilemma in the College as well as the actions and decisions which were implemented against the problem. The qualitative data were collected by this business case through discussion with the protagonists and analyzed using qualitative methods of explanation and discussions. The research employed a decision-making case design and qualitative approach, involving interviews with 5 key administrative members at DUCE, documentation was used in reviewing the secondary information such as turnover rates statistics and recruitment policy. Findings indicate that external recruitment, while beneficial for bringing in top talent and enhancing the institution\u27s credibility, has demoralized internal staff, leading to higher turnover rates. Conversely, internal promotions enhance employee satisfaction and commitment but may not always meet the qualifications required for senior positions. The study concludes that a dual recruitment strategy, which balances internal promotions to boost morale and external hiring for specialized expertise, could be an effective solution to address the turnover dilemma. Recommendations include developing a robust internal control system, investing in staff capacity building, and aligning recruitment practices with government policies to ensure the institution\u27s long-term sustainability and growth. In view of this, the business case proposes that the management need to strike the balance between the external recruitment objectives and the internal staff promotion procedures while keeping the employee retention system in place
Influence of Vandalism on Academic Performance of Students in Public Secondary Schools in Matungu Sub-County, Kenya
Get PDFThis study looked into the relationship between academic achievement and student indiscipline in public secondary schools in Kenya\u27s Matungu Sub-County. Examining the effects of vandalism of instructional materials was the main goal. Inspired by the social learning and the self-determination theories, the study employed a descriptive survey design that combined qualitative and quantitative techniques. The study\u27s target population comprised of 16356 pupils, 327 class teachers, 42 guiding and counselling teachers, and 42 deputy principals. Deputy principals, guidance and counselling teachers, class teachers, and students made up the target group. Using stratified random sampling, 391 respondents were chosen as a sample. The sample size for the study, which was carried out at a single school, was determined using Slovin\u27s formula. Interviews and questionnaires were used to obtain data. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, such as means, frequencies, and percentages. Experts evaluated the questionnaire\u27s validity, and the test-retest approach guaranteed its reliability. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27.0.1, employing statistical methods such as regression analysis and percentage calculations. The findings suggest that a variety of leadership techniques must be used in tandem for efficient disciplinary management in educational settings. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education (MoE) and the Kenya Education Management Institute (KEMI) utilize these findings to enhance the in-service training of educational administrators. Additionally, it highlights the significant detrimental effect of vandalism on students\u27 academic performance and advises schools to implement preventive measures such as improving security and fostering a culture of respect for school property. To address school vandalism and its impact on academic achievement, the study recommends implementing increased security measures and fostering respect for school property as preventive steps. This approach would provide a more comprehensive understanding of how indiscipline influences academic achievement over time
Investigating the Challenges Teachers Face in Using an Eclectic Approach for Students’ English-Speaking Skills: A Case Study of Two Public Secondary Schools in Rwanda
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges Teachers face in Implementing Eclectic Approach for students’ English-speaking skills. Case study of Two secondary schools in Rwanda. Two specific objectives guided this study: To identify the challenges and suggest sustainable solutions to the challenges. The study was guided by Learning by Doing Theory by Dewey to encourage people to learn any new concept through the practice and it matches with the solution to the challenges that they may face when exercising an Eclectic approach in teaching and learning process. Qualitative research design was used in this study. The data were collected using interviews for English teachers and directors of studies and classroom observation. The total targeted population was14 of 12 English teachers and 2 directors of studies from the schools under the study. The sample size was 11 English teachers sampled through table of Risk-Based formula. The data was analysed through a thematic technique. The findings exposed that lack of knowledge about the approach, inability to integrate all four languages together. The respondents have proposed some sustainable solutions such as participation in-service trainings about the approach, provision of free time for teachers to plan their lessons together, love of work culture. The researchers drew some conclusions such as challenges still exist and teachers have to change their mindset to help students learn English by incorporating all the language skills and be supported regarding their individual differences. The researchers recommend English teachers to learn by doing and they will be able to apply the eclectic approach towards the students’ English language skills. 
Assessing the Impact of Land Fragmentation on Agricultural Productivity and Rural Development in Vihiga County, Kenya
Get PDFIncreased population pressures affect land as it is divided again and again resulting in poor yields in agriculture. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish the Legislative changes and population growth as factors leading to land fragmentation in Vihiga County, Kenya. Following the Agricultural Production Function Model, the study was descriptively cross-sectional. The study was undertaken in Vihiga County. Purposive sampling together with the stratified random sampling technique was adopted to recruit participants to the study. The population was over 10,000 therefore sample determination was done using Fisher’s formula which gave 384 peasant farmers with subdivided farms. Quantitative data were gathered using, Likert-scale questionnaires that were semi-structured, while qualitative data were gathered using interview guides. Quasi-experimental research design incorporated both quantitative and qualitative data that used both descriptive and inferential analysis. The study showed that 58percent of the households had land of half-quarter to half acre, 71 percent. 3 percent of farmers are owning the land for farming. On the issue of land fragmentation 94 % of the respondents agreed that this was prevalent mainly as a result of inheritance. Also, 48% of subdivisions produced subdivided plots that were less than a quarter acre, therefore reducing the productivity of farm land and posing difficultly in managing it. While 84% of responded farmers had less than one acre of land, only 16% had more than one acre of land which was strongly indicating the level of land fragmentation. Additionally, on 66 percent of the agricultural: land size farmed was between a quarter and half an acre. It revealed that farm productivity had positive relation with larger land size (r = 0. 888). Descriptive statistics and inferential tests showed a strong positive relationship between land size, land ownership and productivity found out that large block of size is productive. This also affected the investment in modern and mechanized farming practices with a correlation of -0. 598 as the fragmentation was associated with low yields and low profitability or economic return with r = - 0. 443. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher concludes that land consolidation is crucial in increasing agriculture productivity and supports the policies dealing with efficient use of the limited land resources. This study recommended that in the event of addressing the issue of fragmentation prioritization of land consolidation and the encouragement of land ownership reforms to accommodate investments in different techniques in support of superior usage of land, thereby increasing agricultural, production and sustainability levels
The Relationship between Exposure to Violent Content on the Media and Aggressive Behaviour among Adolescent Learners in Western Region, Kenya
No full textThis study explores the relationship between exposure to violent media content and aggressive behavior among adolescent secondary school students in Kakamega, Kisii, and Siaya Counties, Kenya. These counties have relatively high media technology access, particularly mobile phones and radio, which exceed national averages. They also report notable incidences of student aggression, with Siaya and Kisii counties showing high rates of student unrest. Grounded in Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, the study utilized a mixed-method approach, adopting descriptive survey and correlational research designs. A sample of 417 students was drawn from a population of 190,555, selected using stratified random sampling method. Data collection involved questionnaires, content analysis, and the Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument (APRI). A pilot study conducted in Vihiga County confirmed the reliability of the instruments, with a Cronbach\u27s Alpha coefficient of 0.87. The study revealed a significant correlation between aggression and exposure to violent content on television (r = 0.211, p = 0.000), with television identified as the most substantial contributor to aggression (B = 0.218, p = 0.001). Notably, 46% of adolescents in Kakamega, Kisii, and Siaya reported constant exposure to violent media, while 11% frequently imitated the violence observed, primarily on mobile phones. Additionally, 9% of respondents justified the violence they encountered, and 56.5% exhibited mild violent tendencies. The study recommends stricter enforcement of media violence regulations, including enhanced penalties and parental guidance ratings, alongside the introduction of media literacy programs in schools. Additionally, it calls for limiting unsupervised internet access for minors, particularly in public cybercafes, to mitigate the negative influence of violent media content
The Role of Nursing Guidelines on Successful License Renewal for Nurses and Midwives in Ubungo District Public Hospitals in Tanzania
Get PDFIn the recent years, nurses and mid wives are struggling to keep their knowledge current knowledge and skills current and relevant through to changing requirements and situations. Through engaging in continuing professional development (CPD), care givers become updated knowledge and practice to provide quality care to patients. This study sought to unveil the role of CPD on license renewal of midwives and nurses with a special focus on Ubungo district as Ubungo has more health Centres as compared to other districts in Dar es Salaam. Specifically, the study sought to determine the role of nursing guidelines on successful license renewal for Nurses and Midwives in Ubungo District Public Hospitals, The study was guided by the Kirkpatrick Model as the theoretical framework. The study used descriptive research design while simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select members of sample size who were 99 respondents. The target population of the study included all public hospitals, dispensaries and health centres located in the Ubungo district. The data was collected using documents review, in-depth interview, and structured interviews, and then analyzed using content analysis, narrative analysis, and descriptive analysis. Findings revealed that the CPD acquisition and license renewal guidelines are available at the Tanzania nursing and midwifery council(TNMC) website, however, they require registration and login to access them. The license acquisition process was through paper document submission at the TNMC office and later on changed to online in 2022. Apart from insufficient computers and limited internet access, some challenges result from nurses and midwives negative attitude towards license renewal as they tend to not renew them until there is a tactical advantage such as a promotion. Management staff at the hospitals also does not focus on license renewal as they focus more on accomplishment of daily tasks, and only care when a malpractice occurs. CPD points determine the eligibility of the license renewal applicant. The study concludes that the online availability of CPD guidelines is a good way of reaching all stakeholders. The study recommends awareness raising activities regarding access to the guidelines, raise more awareness regarding the online license renewal system, and design more effective and efficient means of stakeholder outreach
The Role of Media Clubs in Developing Students\u27 Media Literacy Skills in Selected Rwanda Secondary Schools
Get PDFThis study investigates the role of media clubs in developing media literacy among secondary school students in Rwanda, with a focus on Ecole Secondaire Scientifique Islamique Nyamirambo and Groupe Scolaire Cyahafi. In an increasingly digital world, media literacy is critical for students to navigate and interpret media content responsibly. However, traditional educational curricula often overlook this essential skill. Media clubs provide a platform where students can engage in activities like news reporting, writing, and editorial work, which are vital for building critical thinking and media analysis skills. This research was directed by Media Literacy Theory, which highlights the importance of equipping individuals with the ability to critically engage with media, and Constructivism Theory, which emphasizes learning through active involvement and reflection. The research design that was used in the study was mixed whereby both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used to collect and analyze information and data that help to provide credible research, where quantitative method was used first, then after qualitative method was used to analyze the quality of data collected based on quantitative method. A sample of 100 respondents including school administrators, teachers and students from the two schools was surveyed to gauge their perceptions of media clubs and the impact on their media literacy skills. Qualitative insights were gathered through interviews with students, teachers, media club advisors, and school administrators, exploring experiences and challenges related to media clubs. Additionally, archival data such as club charters and student-produced media projects were analyzed to provide context and evidence of the clubs\u27 impact. Results revealed significant correlations between media club participation and improved media literacy. Students engaged in news reporting and writing showed enhanced critical thinking, better source evaluation, and a stronger grasp of ethical journalism. Editorial activities sharpened students\u27 abilities to critically assess media messages and identify biases, while feedback from readers helped students refine their media content and communication strategies. Mentorship within media clubs was found to be crucial in developing students\u27 understanding of media ethics and practical skills, preparing them for the complexities of media production and consumption. The study also identified the dual role of social media within media clubs, offering both opportunities for broader engagement and challenges related to misinformation. In conclusion, the research demonstrates that media clubs are vital in developing media literacy among Rwandan secondary school students. By providing hands-on experiences, mentorship, and critical engagement with media, these clubs contribute significantly to students\u27 ability to navigate and interpret media content responsibly. The findings underscore the importance of integrating media literacy education into the school curriculum, with recommendations aimed at enhancing media literacy education for students, teachers, policymakers, and educational institutions
The Influence of Monetary Incentive Packages on Enhancing Employees’ Innovative Behaviour at Tanzania Port Authority
Get PDFThe study was designed to investigate the influence of monetary incentives package in enhancing employees’ innovative behaviour at Tanzania Port Authority. Abraham Maslow\u27s Hierarchy of Needs theory guided this research. The research deployed cross sectional research design while stratified sampling technique and purposive sampling techniques were used to select members of sample size who were I71 respondents from the target population of 300 staff. Data were collected through questionnaire and analysis was done using descriptive and regression analysis for quantitative data. The study revealed that various incentives packages are offered by TPA, and these are salary, merit pay, recognition and bonuses. Also, employees are paid fairly for the work they do, which motivates employees to contribute new ideas The study further indicated that employees are motivated to come up with new ideas or innovations in their work while employees feel that their contributions and achievements at work are recognized. The study concludes that incentive packages offered at TPA enhance employees’ innovative behaviour at Tanzania Port Authority. The study recommends that the policy makers should ensure that monetary incentives provide a tangible reward for employees’ efforts, which can lead to increased engagement and commitment to innovation. Also, the policy makers should ensure that organisation establishes mechanisms for recognizing and rewarding innovative efforts through non-monetary means such as public acknowledgment, career advancement opportunities, or increased decision-making autonomy
The Effects of Phishing Attacks on Mobile Phone Users in Tanzania: A Case of Kariakoo Market, Dar es Salaam
Get PDFThis study aimed at understanding phishing attacks targeting mobile phone users in Tanzania, focusing on the investigation of effects of these attacks on the mobile phone users. The study used technology threat avoidance theory as its theoretical framework. Respondents were selected using a purposive stratified sampling method to ensure diverse representation across various demographics and business sectors. A descriptive research design was employed and traders in Kariakoo market, Dar es Salaam were the target population. A sample size of 394 respondents was chosen and data obtained through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, while qualitative data were examined with Deedose. The study revealed social, economic, and psychological effects of phishing attacks to mobile phone users in Tanzania. Socially, there was a noticeable decline in trust toward digital communications, leading to altered online behaviors and interactions. Economically, the effects included substantial financial losses and disruptions to business operations, impacting both individuals and organizations. Psychologically, the study found that victims experienced emotional distress, anxiety, and a heightened sense of vulnerability, prompting an increased awareness and caution regarding cyber security practices. The study concluded that phishing attacks posed significant social, economic, and psychological challenges for mobile phone users in Tanzania, with effects varying across different demographic groups. It also revealed that users\u27 age, gender, education, and business sector influenced their susceptibility to phishing attacks, leading to diverse experiences and vulnerabilities within the population. The study recommends implementation of targeted awareness campaigns through popular communication channels, such as social media ads and television, to maximize reach and engagement, especially among younger users who are frequently online
Supplier Visibility in Supply Chain Network and Firm Performance: A Study in Kenya’s Manufacturing Sector
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to establish the effect of supplier visibility on the performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study was anchored on supply chain planning theory. The study utilized a cross-sectional research design. The target population was 561 respondents drawn from the 187 large manufacturing firms in Kenya. Using a stratified random sampling, a sample of 228 respondents was selected. A questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 27. The findings revealed that supplier visibility was not effectively embraced among the manufacturing firms in Kenya. The results further revealed that supplier visibility had a significant relationship with performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya (β=0.769; P<0.05). The study concluded that manufacturing firms were declining in performance as a result of inefficient supply chain process and failure to enhance supplier visibility. The study recommended that there is need for managers in supply chain among the manufacturing firms to enhance supplier visibility by incorporating suppliers in their supply chain network planning for them to meet customer needs and promote their performance