African Journal of Empirical Research
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Fake news on societal behavior: A case study of the youths in Nairobi County, Kenya
Get PDFFake news is becoming a rising global concern through social media. This can influence public opinion as well as society through behavioral change and distortion of information. The study examined the link between fake news and social behavior of youths in Nairobi County, Kenya, specifically Nairobi City County. The research focused on how fake news was framed on social media, how it was managed, and how young people interpreted the news. The influence of fake news on the decision-making of youth was also the subject of this study, along with evaluating the effects of misinformation and the impact of news errors. The social responsibility theory and the media dependency theory guided the study on the interaction between fake news and youth. We used a descriptive research design to collect the views of the youth on the subject. The study targeted a population of 600 employees working with the Communications Authority of Kenya. Then, the study selected a sample of 240 respondents through simple random sampling using the Yamane formula. The data was collected using a well-structured questionnaire based on the objectives of the study. The analyzed responses were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics, and the outcomes were presented by way of tables and charts. During the research process, principles such as voluntary participation, confidentiality, and participators’ informed consent were adhered to. Fake news has a great impact on behavior of the society youth in Nairobi County. According to a recent study, social media is the most common medium through fake news is being spread throughout the world. Misinformation can damage trust in media, personal relationships and participation in civic affairs. Discrepancies like errors and bias in the news were seen as a big reason for people disbelieving news. Although they don’t trust the news as much anymore, they trust less accurate sources just as much as before. The phony news stories were also directly related to the decision-making of youth which influenced their political choice. Some youths were resilient enough to check the veracity of the information before taking any action. However, the majority became vulnerable due to confirmation bias and reliance on something shared by their peers. Considering these findings, the study advised incorporating digital and media literacy programs into the educational system so the youth could be trained to evaluate things critically. The report advised independent fact-check validation processes should be strengthened. All media should continue to remain subject to ethical standards through professional codes. Social media companies should be made accountable for false news. Similarly, it calls for partnerships among various sectors. The goal is to work with youth to increase their resistance to fake news and support positive media behavior
Religious institutions’ strategies to mitigate sexual violence against adolescent girls in pastoralist communities, Manyara, Tanzania
Get PDFThis study examined the strategies employed by religious institutions to redress sexual violence against adolescent girls in pastoralist communities of the Manyara region, Tanzania, using institutional theory as a theoretical framework. A descriptive mixed-method research design was adopted. The study targeted household heads and employed purposive and systematic sampling techniques. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to 240 respondents, 48 key informant interviews, and eight focus group discussions (FGDs). Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic content analysis, while quantitative data were subjected to inferential statistics analysis. Findings reveal that religious institutions employ a multifaceted approach, including awareness seminars, open-air meetings, advocacy, counseling, entrepreneurship programs, and preaching to influence pastoralist communities. The study recommends that religious institutions intensify their advocacy efforts to influence policymakers to revise and enforce policies and laws that protect children\u27s rights, particularly those concerning marital status. Furthermore, religious institutions should strengthen policy implementation, allocate additional resources, and foster collaborative programs to effectively combat sexual violence against adolescent girls in the Manyara region
Mental wellbeing programs and performance of academic staff in selected chartered public universities in Kenya
Get PDFPerformance of academic staff in Kenya drives the country’s economic growth and the well-being of the society, and the universities are central in the development of the human capital that is required for national progress. Despite the critical role they offer in higher education through teaching, carrying out research, and engagement in community service, it is only one university in Kenya that appeared at position 1425 in the 2023 Global 2000 list. This was a drop from the year 2022, and this was due to reduced employability of graduands and academic staff research performance. Statistics indicate that about 91% of public universities in Kenya face challenges in their service delivery. There is also criticism about low-quality education, inefficiencies, limited quality research, and poor performance in their teaching, carrying out research, and engagement in community service. This study therefore sought to establish the effect of mental wellbeing programs and performance of academic staff in selected chartered public universities in Kenya.The study employed positivism philosophy, and the study was drawn upon a theoretical framework informed by social exchange theory and the social ecological model. The study used both descriptive and cross-sectional designs. The study population comprised 7,090 academic staff, with a sample of 379 from eight public universities that were purposefully selected. Stratified random sampling and simple random sampling were used to select academic staff. Data was gathered using semi-structured questionnaires based on a 5-point Likert scale.A pilot study was conducted to establish the study’s suitability and appropriateness during data collection. The content analysis technique was used in analyzing qualitative data that was presented in narrative form. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data in close-ended questions comprising frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviation. The study used both simple and multiple regression with inferential analysis to assess the association of the hypothesized constructs. The research used a 95% confidence level to test the hypothesis.The study established that the mental wellbeing programs were statistically significant and had a positive effect on the performance of academic staff in chartered public universities in Kenya. To enhance academic staff performance, the research recommends the public universities promote inclusive recognition and enhance counseling and promotion of communication and feedback. It is imperative to enhance participation of academic staff in mental wellbeing programs since this fosters a supportive environment that supports sustainable staff performance. To further enhance employees’ performance, the institution should strengthen research support and community engagement and integrate mental wellbeing initiatives into performance systems
Estimation du stock de carbone et potentiel de la biodiversite ligneuse à sequestrer le carbone en milieux urbains: Cas de la ville de Bunia en province de l’Ituri (RDC)
Get PDFLa biodiversité ligneuse joue un important rôle écosystémique de réduction de dioxyde de carbone à travers le processus de la photosynthèse pour le bien être de l’homme et pour certains autres êtres vivants. Malheureusement ce processus est souvent négligé ou mal connu en milieux urbains. Cette étude réalisée en ville de Bunia (RDC) a permis de développer, grâce aux mesures dendrométriques, les modèles spécifiques des équations allométriques pour estimer le stock de carbone séquestré par la biodiversité ligneuse des milieux urbains, cas de la ville de Bunia (RDC). 21 parcelles de 100mx100m chacune ont été installées pour les inventaires des arbres à la hauteur de la poitrine (Dhp ≥ 10 cm), soit à 1,30 m au-dessus du niveau de sol en raison de 7 parcelles par commune dans les trois communes (Mbunya, Nyakasanza et Shari) que compose la ville de Bunia. Les résultats obtenus grâce à la méthode non destructive de la biomasse aérienne ont montré que 2311 arbres ont été inventoriés. La biomasse aérienne totale obtenue pour les arbres inventoriés dans le milieu d’étude est estimée à 1 759 055,50 kg (1 759,06 tonnes), ce qui correspond à un stock de carbone estimé à 879 527,75 kg (8 795,27 tonnes) de carbone. L’Equivalent CO2 est de 237 472,49 kg (2 374,72 tonnes). L’équivalent CO2 par arbre est estimé à 124,39 kg de CO2. La quantité estimée de carbone séquestré pour une moyenne de 110,05 arbres/ha de la ville de Bunia est estimée à (47 658,53 ± 27 275,93) /ha. La quantité estimée de carbone absorbée par un arbre dans le milieu d’étude est de (380,58 kg) de carbone/arbre. Un constat fait observer une variabilité des stocks de carbone dans toutes les parcelles et/ou des communes. La valeur statistique F (183,99) est également très élevée et très statistiquement significative (p-value < 0,001). Cela signifie qu\u27il y a une différence très significative des quantités du stock de carbone estimée dans les trois différentes communes. Cinq espèces ligneuses contribuent efficacement au stockage de carbone dans cette ville. L’espèce d’Eucalyptus globulus absorbe plus le carbone estimée à (61%) par rapport aux autres espèces; Mangifera indica contribue au stockage de carbone à (14%), Persea americana absorbe à (9%), Grevillea robusta absorbe le carbone à la hauteur de (7%) et Senna siamea stocke le carbone estimé à 5%. Cela justifie que la quantité de carbone séquestré par la biodiversité ligneuse varie d’une espèce à une autre. Six espèces possèdent les bois qui stockent plus le carbone que les autres, il s’agit de: Eucalyptus globulus qui stocke 30 021,18 kg de carbone; Mangifera indica suit avec 5 028,44 kg; Pinus montana a stocké 3 938,54 kg de carbone; Grevillea robusta (1 718,16 kg); Albizia chinensis (1 718,76 kg) et Persea americana (1 347,77 kg de carbone). Le constat est que la quantité du stock de carbone est fonction de la qualité du bois de l’arbre bien que certaines espèces ont la même densité du bois numérique. Ces résultats obtenus dans ce travail contribuent à l’effort d’une gestion durable des écosystèmes urbains enfin de réduire les gaz carboniques (CO2) et aussi pour atténuer les impacts environnementaux dus au changement climatique. Nous suggérons que les études futures, devraient envisager le développement d’équations allométriques localement calibrées, par des méthodes destructives ou des techniques non destructives avancées telles que le LiDAR terrestre pour compléter les résultats de ce travail. La collecte de données primaires sur la densité du bois des espèces locales, ou la collaboration avec des laboratoires d’anatomie du bois, permettrait d’améliorer la précision des estimations de carbone
Spoken word poetry: A creative catalyst for holistic human progress in Kenya
Get PDFThis paper explores the potential of spoken word poetry as a creative art form that fosters holistic human progress, offering an innovative solution within a multi-disciplinary framework. Rooted in performance theory, conceptualized by Judith Butler and drawing upon the vibrant Kenyan spoken word scene, this study examines how artistic strategies employed by youth poets articulate and challenge subalternity, contributing to social change and individual empowerment. Focusing on the performative aspects of spoken word, the analysis demonstrates how poets utilize embodied performance, linguistic innovation, and collaborative artistic practices to create spaces for dialogue and critical reflection. By amplifying marginalized voices and experiences, particularly those of young people navigating complex social and economic realities, spoken word poetry becomes a powerful tool for raising awareness about inequality and advocating for social justice. Furthermore, the paper argues that the interdisciplinary nature of spoken word poetry – blending elements of literature, performance studies, sociology, and psychology – allows for a more comprehensive understanding of its impact. By connecting personal narratives to broader socio-political contexts, spoken word poetry encourages critical thinking, empathy, and a sense of collective responsibility. Ultimately, this research posits that Kenyan spoken word poetry, through its innovative artistic strategies and its engagement with youth subalternity, serves as a model for fostering holistic human progress. It highlights the transformative power of creative expression in promoting social change, empowering individuals, and building more equitable and just societies. This study contributes to the broader discourse on arts-based approaches to development and provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners working across diverse disciplines
Evaluation of Common Employee Training Methods in Enhancing Performance at Tanzania Commercial Bank (TCB)
Get PDFThis study evaluates the effectiveness of employee training methods at Tanzania Commercial Bank (TCB) in enhancing performance within the banking sector. Recognizing that a well-trained workforce is crucial for maintaining service quality and regulatory compliance, the research explores various training approaches, including on-the-job training, workshops, and e-learning. Guided by the human capital theory, which emphasizes internal resources as a source of competitive advantage, the study employed case study research design to gather insights. A sample size of 64 respondents was drawn from the population of 174 TCB employees, comprising both administrative and non-administrative officers. The sampling process utilized purposive sampling for administrative officers and simple random sampling for non-administrative officers to minimize bias. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and interviews and analyzed using descriptive analysis to establish the relationship between training methods and employee performance. Findings reveal that on-the-job training and workshops are the most effective methods, significantly improving employee skills and productivity. Conversely, e-learning platforms received lower satisfaction ratings, highlighting employees\u27 preference for interactive and practical training methods. The study concludes that continuous investment in diverse training strategies is vital to address the evolving needs of employees in a competitive financial landscape. Recommendations include enhancing on-the-job training, expanding workshop offerings, and improving e-learning platforms to foster greater employee engagement and satisfaction
Urban Agriculture: A Pathway for Enhancing Food Security and Poverty Resiliency in Tanzania
Get PDFThis article provides both a theoretical and empirical evidence on the role of urban agriculture (UA) to food and nutrition security as well as poverty reduction in urban areas, which have persisted as policy challenges in Africa. While countries in the Sub-Saharan Africa have taken agricultural interventions at the centre of addressing food and nutrition security in rural areas, UA does not feature well in urban food and poverty reduction policies in Tanzania. This creates policy gaps between the global, regional and national policies towards attaining the Sustainable Development Goal-2 of Zero hunger by 2030 and the African Union Agenda 2063 on food and nutrition. This study derives from the nexus of theories of urban sprawls and urban food systems which consider urbanisation and the associated demographic changes posing unprecedented challenges in terms of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition. Based on a cross-sectional research design, the study employed a mixed-methods approach, collecting data through questionnaires, interviews, and a systematic review of the literature. A sample of 600 respondents was selected using purposive sampling from a target population of 6,000, consisting of adult male and female farmers, agri-food supply chain producers, food processors, input suppliers, distributors, and traders in urban and peri-urban areas of Tanzania. The study examined and confirmed the contribution of urban agriculture on food availability, accessibility, stability and utilization in urban households. A systematic literature review shows a multitude of benefits of urban agriculture on food availability, accessibility, nutrient utilization and stability. The examined literature shows potential of UA to overcome youth unemployment as they engage into urban agricultural activities and therefore contribute to income and poverty reduction. Findings provides an understanding of inadequate policy enabling environment for UA as n frameworks for increasing food security. However, UA is being practiced without legitimate policy and legal frameworks. The study recommends for institutionalization of UA as a pathway for attaining food and nutrition security and poverty reduction and therefore, calls for policy agenda setting to create space for UA in city policies and planning
The Nexus between Emotional Intelligence and Turnover Intention among In-Service Teachers in Lira City and Wakiso District, Uganda
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to examine the nexus between emotional intelligence and turnover intention among in-service teachers specifically in Lira City and Wakiso District, Uganda. The study was guided by the Person–Environment Fit Theory. A quantitative research approach and a cross sectional research design was adopted to conducted this study. The target population consisted of full time primary school teachers from both Government and Private schools. We sampled 38 schools (both government and private schools) using Stratified and Simple Random Sampling Techniques. In these schools 500 teachers were sampled using Simple Random Sampling technique. Data was collected using Self-Administered Standardized Questionnaires and analyzed using Stata 18. The hypothesis was tested using Pearson Correlation Coefficient(r). Most teachers demonstrated strong emotional intelligence (Mean = 4.02, SD = 0.92) and a moderate level of turnover intention (mean = 3.10, SD = 1.46). A reflection of mix feelings of opinions on job satisfaction, retention and future plans was realized. Further results revealed a significant negative correlation between emotional intelligence and turnover intention (r = -0.19, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in level of turnover intention between teachers from Lira and Wakiso district (t=1.41, p >.05) and the model explained only 3.50% of the variance in turnover intention. In conclusion, the study results demonstrate a significant negative relationship between emotional intelligence and turnover intention, indicating that emotional intelligence has the potency to trigger turnover intention. We therefore strongly recommend the need to; provide teachers with training courses on emotional intelligence, apply Emotional Intelligence Assessment when hiring and selecting employees, match employees to their suitable roles, offer Emotional Intelligence training for managers or school administrators, and encourage Psychological Safety at workplace
Determinants of Tuberculosis Infection in Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Socio-Demographic, And Risk Factors at Kapsabet County Referral Hospital, Nandi County Kenya
Get PDFThe co-infection of Tuberculosis (TB) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) presents a critical public health challenge, especially within low-resource settings where healthcare systems struggle with limited resources. Diabetic patients are at heightened risk of developing TB, yet factors influencing TB infection within this population are not thoroughly understood. This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of TB infection among diabetic patients at Kapsabet County Referral Hospital. The research addresses gaps in knowledge regarding how socio-demographic, individual, and environmental factors interact to influence TB susceptibility among this vulnerable group. Employing a descriptive cross-sectional design, data were collected from 60 diabetic patients selected through a simple random sampling technique. Data were obtained via structured questionnaires, patient interviews, and medical record reviews. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and ANOVA to explore associations between TB infection status and various predictors. The sample’s socio-demographic characteristics and diabetes-related variables were analysed using SPSS, with significant relationships identified at a p-value of <0.05. Results revealed a TB prevalence rate of 16.7% for active cases and 8.3% for latent infections among diabetic patients. The Chi-square analysis indicated that lower education levels (p = 0.031) and lower income brackets (p = 0.024) were significantly associated with TB infection status. Additionally, individual factors, including Type 2 diabetes (p = 0.014) and poor glycaemic control (p = 0.022), were identified as significant predictors of TB risk. ANOVA results further demonstrated that patients residing in overcrowded environments exhibited higher mean TB infection rates compared to those in less crowded conditions, F (2,57) = 5.26, p = 0.009. Frequent exposure to known TB cases was also significantly associated with infection status (p = 0.015). In conclusion, this study highlights a substantial burden of TB-DM co-infection within the study population, with socio-demographic, individual, and environmental factors significantly influencing TB risk. The findings underscore the need for integrated TB and diabetes management strategies that consider socio-economic and environmental conditions. Targeted interventions focusing on improving diabetes care, enhancing patient education, and reducing exposure to environmental risk factors are recommended to mitigate TB risk among diabetic patients
Influence of Risk Management Moderated by Safety Policy Implementation on Service Delivery in Level 4 Public Health Facilities in Kisii County, Kenya
Get PDFManaging risks inherent in the health sector contributes to the overall improvement in working conditions. It protects healthcare workers against emerging or well-established hazards, guaranteeing their safety and health. This will ultimately foster a safe and healthy work environment that can be assumed to expedite delivery of clinical services to patients. However, the delivery of health services is still wanting in Kisii County. Healthcare workers face a plethora of hazards at the workplace that lead to occupational injuries, illnesses, absenteeism, and reduced ability to work. The Ministry of Health acknowledges that healthcare facilities in Kenya are potentially hazardous. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of risk management on service delivery moderated by safety policy implementation in level 4 public health facilities in Kisii County. Guided by the Social Exchange theory, it adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. It targeted 521 healthcare workers providing clinical services in level 4 public health facilities located in Kisii County; and patients seeking medical services in these facilities. Proportionate stratified random sampling was used to select a sample of 227 healthcare workers while a sample of 300 patients were selected using convenience sampling. Primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and simple hierarchical regression. Qualitative data was analyzed by thematic analysis and integrated with quantitative data in the main report. The results revealed that risk management does not have a significant influence on service delivery in level 4 public hospitals in Kisii County, t (13) = .012, p = 0.991. They also established that risk management has no significant influence on service delivery moderated by occupational safety and health policy implementation, F (3, 13) = 1.137, p = .377; t (13) = .497, p = .646). The study concluded that there is no association between risk management and service delivery in level 4 hospitals in Kisii County, and safety policy implementation has no interaction effect on this relationship. The study recommends that hospital management acquire modern and easy to use PPEs and leadership adopt participatory leadership styles to ensure sufficient compliance with safety regulation required for staff and patients