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Terapias mente-cuerpo sobre la condición física y la salud mental en el adulto mayor con dolor crónico musculoesquelético. Efectividad de una intervención basada en Mindfulness.
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Esta tesis doctoral consta de dos estudios. Una revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados con el objetivo de analizar los efectos de las terapias mente-cuerpo en pacientes con dolor crónico musculoesquelético. Los resultados indicaron que estas intervenciones presentan una efectividad significativa para reducir este tipo de dolor en comparación con los grupos control. Un segundo estudio donde se realizó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado controlado en una muestra de personas mayores con dolor crónico. Los participantes fueron evaluados antes y después de una intervención de 8 semanas. Los resultados permitieron concluir que un programa basado en Mindfulness tiene efectos positivos integrales sobre la salud física, mental, el impacto funcional y la intensidad del dolor de personas mayores con dolor crónico, consolidándose como una intervención segura, efectiva y accesible.
RESUMEN EN INGLÉS
This doctoral thesis consists of two studies. A systematic review of randomised clinical trials with the aim of analysing the effects of mind-body therapies in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. The results indicated that these interventions are significantly effective in reducing chronic musculoskeletal pain compared to control groups. A second study conducted a randomised controlled clinical trial in a sample of older people with chronic pain. Participants were assessed before and after an 8-week intervention. The results led to the conclusion that a Mindfulness-based programme has comprehensive positive effects on the physical and mental health, functional impact and pain intensity of older people with chronic pain, establishing
itself as a safe, effective and accessible intervention
Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Properties of Phenolics with Coumarin, Naphthoquinone and Pyranone Moieties Against Foodborne Microorganisms
Get PDFNumerous studies have previously demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts rich in procyanidins. However, these investigations that focused on uncharacterized extracts do not provide information on the structure–activity relationships of these compounds. The aim of this work was to investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of 27 phenolics with coumarin, naphthoquinone and pyranone moieties against foodborne microorganisms, as well as to establish structure–activity relationships. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for each compound were investigated, as well as their ability for inhibiting biofilm formation as well as disrupting previously formed biofilms by food pathogens. Our compounds show high antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against Gram-positive bacteria. Regarding the structure–activity relationships observed, the coumarin moiety seems to favor the antibacterial activity against both S. aureus strains assayed, while a naphthoquinone moiety enhances antibacterial effects against B. cereus. Moreover, the replacement of OH groups in the B-ring by methoxy groups impairs antibacterial activity of the compounds against target bacteria, while the presence of Cl or OH groups in the molecules seems to enhance the inhibition of biofilm formation as well as the disruption of preformed biofilms. These results may be of great relevance for the food sector, increasing the options of additives that can be used industrially.This research was funded by the Andalusian Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento (FEDER program 2014–2020: grant number 1380669), Spain
Noticias de emprendimiento societario mercantil en Andalucía 15 noviembre 2025
No full textDisponible en Youtube en: https://youtu.be/4aH6qA2SG00Difusión en vídeo del nº 46 del Informe semanal de emprendimiento societario mercantil en Andalucía del 15 de noviembre de 202
Nuevas aproximaciones multidimensionales basadas en cromatografía y espectrometría de masas para el análisis de alimentos
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El análisis de alimentos resulta fundamental para garantizar su inocuidad, calidad y autenticidad. La aparición de contaminantes emergentes, el fraude alimentario y las exigencias legislativas han impulsado el desarrollo de metodologías analíticas más sensibles y versátiles. La espectrometría de masas (MS) acoplada a técnicas cromatográficas es una herramienta clave, aunque presenta ciertas limitaciones en términos de cobertura de espacio químico. Esta Tesis Doctoral propone el desarrollo de
nuevas aproximaciones que integran técnicas separativas multidimensionales con MS, como la cromatografía líquida bidimensional (2D-LC) y la combinación de cromatografía líquida con cromatografía de fluidos supercríticos (LCxSFC), aplicadas al análisis de contaminantes y marcadores de autenticidad. Asimismo, se ha investigado una fuente de ionización alternativa basada en plasma miniaturizado (FμTP), evaluando su desempeño para detectar contaminantes orgánicos. Finalmente, se ha desarrollado una metodología SFC-MS para analizar la fracción insaponificable del aceite de oliva, mejorando la sostenibilidad y eficiencia en su control de calidad.
RESUMEN EN INGLÉS
Food analysis is an essential discipline for ensuring the safety, quality and authenticity of foodstuffs. The emergence of new contaminants, food fraud and evolving regulatory demands have driven the development of more sensitive and versatile analytical methods. Although mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with chromatographic techniques is a key analytical tool, it has significant limitations in terms of chemical space coverage. This Doctoral Thesis proposes new analytical approaches that integrate
multidimensional separation techniques with MS. These include two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) and the combination of liquid chromatography with supercritical fluid chromatography (LCxSFC), which are applied to analyze contaminants and authenticity markers. Additionally, the performance of an alternative ionization source based on miniaturized plasma (FμTP) for detecting organic contaminants was investigated. Finally, an SFC-MS method was developed to analyze the unsaponifiable fraction of olive oil with the aim of improving the sustainability and efficiency of olive oil quality and authenticity control
Neurolaw: legal impacts of Neurotechnology
Get PDFEste capítulo examina la imparcialidad judicial como principio estructural del proceso penal y analiza cómo los sesgos implícitos —particularmente aquellos vinculados al género y la raza— pueden incidir de manera inadvertida en la toma de decisiones. Se expone que estos sesgos operan de forma automática, ajena al control consciente, como resultado de mecanismos cognitivos destinados a optimizar el procesamiento de información. La neurociencia ha permitido identificar los circuitos cerebrales implicados en estas dinámicas, revelando la participación de regiones como la amígdala, la corteza prefrontal y la corteza cingulada anterior, cuya activación se correlaciona con asociaciones estereotipadas y conflictos cognitivos.
Asimismo, se aborda la estructura neurocognitiva de la decisión judicial, destacando la intervención de múltiples sistemas cerebrales, el papel del control cognitivo y la influencia del estado emocional del juzgador. El texto examina también el impacto del Sistema Dual de procesamiento —reflexivo y reflectivo— y la forma en que heurísticas y patrones automáticos pueden distorsionar el juicio. Finalmente, se presentan estrategias emergentes para mitigar estos sesgos, como la realidad virtual, la adopción deliberada de perspectiva y la estimulación cerebral no invasiva, al tiempo que se señalan las tensiones éticas y jurídicas que suscitan. El capítulo concluye subrayando la necesidad de integrar estos avances con prudencia, preservando los principios esenciales de la justicia y la dignidad humana
Youtube Text Annotator (YouTA) tool [Software]
No full textYouTA (YouTube Text Annotator) is a specialized corpus annotation tool designed for Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), addressing key limitations in existing tools by integrating context-aware annotation, hierarchical multi-label tagging, LLM-assisted workflows, and user-centered design per ISO standards. It links YouTube comments to rich metadata (video ID, title, description, date, threads, and playback), enabling nuanced analysis of digital discourse while minimizing cognitive load through progressive disclosure interfaces and real-time statistics.
Within the ACUMEN project ("Exploring social inequality through critical discourse analysis and artificial intelligence"), YouTA operationalizes hybrid computational CDA by annotating YouTube comments on social issues with SFL-derived features (e.g., lexical nomination, euphemisms, grammatical processes), producing machine-readable data for NLP tasks like sequence labeling and cross-lingual transfer learning. It supports human-augmented LLM pre-annotation (using Mistral models) with provenance tracking, facilitating scalable, qualitatively informed quantification of ideological patterns while preserving interpretive human agency.
Instructions:
1. Decompress the zip file into a folder.
2. Execute the .exe file
3. How to use this software:
Using it is fairly intuitive: the UI facilitates the import of video and comment datasets retrieved via the YouTube API. For demonstration purposes, sample files are included within the DataFiles directory. Additionally, import the accompanying XML features file from the same directory, which may be readily customized to accommodate user-defined annotation categories. Happy tagging!
Citation:
- Fernández-Martínez, Nicolás José (2025). YouTA: A context-aware linguistic annotation tool for Critical Discourse Analysis of YouTube comments. Unpublished manuscript
Ubicación y tamaño óptimo de fuentes de energía renovables en sistemas eléctricos de distribución en Manabí
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Este trabajo analiza la inserción de generación distribuida en el sistema eléctrico de distribución (EDS) de Manabí, Ecuador. Se realizó una zonificación del EDS para identificar problemas y establecer criterios para el análisis de flujo de carga mediante el método Backward/Forward Sweep. Para ubicar óptimamente un sistema fotovoltaico, se utilizó un modelo de redes neuronales artificiales con arquitectura Multi-Layer Perceptrón. Los resultados identifican los nodos 25 y 26 como los más adecuados, logrando mejoras en la tensión de hasta 1,14% y reducción de pérdidas de hasta 24,11%. El estudio también evalúa sistemas fotovoltaicos flotantes en la represa La Esperanza, demostrando que su integración óptima puede reducir la dependencia de red en un 60%, disminuir pérdidas en 20,2% y mejorar el perfil de tensión hasta en un 5%. Adicionalmente, se analiza la interacción entre generación fotovoltaica y vehículos eléctricos durante horas de máxima radiación solar, evaluando su impacto en EDS local.
RESUMEN EN INGLÉS
This study analyses the integration of distributed generation into the electrical distribution system (EDS) of Manabí, Ecuador. A zoning approach was applied to the EDS to identify potential issues and establish criteria for load flow analysis using the Backward/Forward Sweep method. To determine the optimal placement of a photovoltaic system, an artificial neural network model with a Multi-Layer Perceptron architecture was employed. The results identify nodes 25 and 26 as the most suitable locations, achieving voltage improvements of up to 1.14% and loss reductions of up to 24.11%. The study also assesses floating photovoltaic systems at La Esperanza Dam, demonstrating that their optimal integration can reduce grid dependence by 60%, decrease losses by 20.2%, and enhance the voltage profile by up to 5%. Furthermore, the interaction between photovoltaic generation and electric vehicles during peak solar radiation hours is examined, assessing its impact on the local EDS
Transcriptomic analysis of sub-MIC Eugenol exposition on antibiotic resistance profile in Multidrug Resistant Enterococcus faecalis E9.8
Get PDFThe spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and their resistance genes along the food chain and the environment has become a global threat aggravated by incorrect disinfection strategies. This study analysed the effect of induction by sub-inhibitory concentrations of eugenol – a major ingredient in clove essential oil commonly used in disinfectant agents – on the phenotypic and genotypic response of MDR Enterococcus faecalis E9.8 strain, selected based on the phenotypic response of other enterococci. Eugenol treatment irreversibly reduced several antibiotics’ minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), confirmed by kinetic studies for kanamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis indicated the reversion of antibiotic resistance through direct and indirect measures, such as down-regulation of genes coding for proteins involved in antibiotic resistance, toxin resistance and virulence factors. Regarding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), ten differentially expressed genes (five down-regulated and five up-regulated genes) were related to the main transporter families, which present key targets in antibiotic resistance reversion. Our study thus highlights the importance of considering indirectly related genes as targets for antibiotic resistance reversion besides ARGs sensu stricto. These results allow us to propose using eugenol as an antibiotic resistance reversing agent to be included in disinfectant solutions as an excellent alternative to limit the spread of MDR bacteria and their ARGs in the food chain and the environment
Brain activity patterns in two tasks involving reward downshift
Get PDFConjunto de datos referentes a estudio de conectoma en dos situaciones de contraste sucesivo negativo, generadoras de frustración en animales. Se incluyen los datos conductuales y de expresión de c-Fos (Excel), y documento en preparación para su publicación.Frustrative nonreward (FNR) is a reaction associated with the sudden and unexpected loss of significant sources of reinforcement: the death of a loved one, job dismissal, heartbreak, or restrictions associated with health crises, among others. These experiences can profoundly impact physical and mental well-being. Although the scientific study of frustration using animal models provides abundant information, there remains a gap in knowledge regarding the underlying functional brain circuits involved. This study addressed this issue using two frustration paradigms successive negative contrast (SNC) in rats. In Task 1 (pavlovian SNC), training involved forced-choice trials with a single retractable lever served as a conditioned stimulus (CS) for the response-independent delivery of 12 pellets, while the other lever CS was paired with the delivery of 2 pellets. Although pressing the lever was not required to receive the pellets (i.e., a response-independent Pavlovian procedure), lever pressing increased steadily during these sessions. However, no clear differences emerged between the two levers during these forced-choice trials. After lever pressing was established, rats received occasional free-choice trials with both levers presented simultaneously in the absence of food and lever presses at each lever were recorded. In the same session in which rats had produced similar lever presses to each lever during forced-choice trials, animals pressed the lever associated with 12 pellets more than the lever paired with 2 pellets. This free-choice trial was a reward magnitude test. In the following sessions, the lever previously paired with 12 pellets was downshifted to 2 pellets, whereas the other lever remained associated with 2 pellets as an unshifted control. Again, forced-choice trials with a single lever provided no evidence of a difference in lever pressing between downshifted and unshifted levers. However, occasional free-choice trials revealed a switch to responding in the unshifted lever and away from the downshifted lever. This was the reward downshift test. The Task 2 (consummatory SNC) entailed providing animals with 10, 5-min sessions of access to a highly reinforcing sucrose solution (32%), which was then abruptly reduced to 2% over four sessions. Consumption by this group was compared with that of a control group that consistently has access to the 2% solution. The effect refers to the decrease in consumption of the 2% solution in the experimental group (previously exposed to the sweeter 32% solution) to levels below those of the control group (always exposed to the less sweet 2% solution), despite both solutions being identical in magnitude. Expression levels of c-Fos, a marker of neuronal activity, were quantified across Regions of Interest (ROIs), and a neural network based on these results was developed. Graph theory analysis was employed for a preliminary exploration of the network's functional properties. The results indicated that, in Task 1, the Downshift network became more modular and locally interconnected but less globally integrated, implying a shift toward specialized processing within tightly knit communities at the cost of efficient long-range communication. This architecture may have indicated reduced whole-brain communication efficiency, a dominance of local processing, and potentially an adaptive or compensatory response to lowered global drive or integration demands. In contrast, the Magnitude group appeared to display shorter path lengths, reduced modularity, and higher small-worldness, reflecting a more globally integrated topology that supported efficient cross-regional coordination. With respect to Task 2, the connectome of the Group 32-2 exhibited lower clustering and modularity but longer path length and higher small-worldness. This pattern pointed to a less segregated, less locally clustered, and less globally efficient network that nevertheless maintained a non-random small-world architecture relative to baseline. In contrast, functional network of the Group 2-2 represented a more locally coherent, modular, and efficient topology. Functionally, the 32-2 configuration may have reflected reduced local specialization and weaker short-range processing, longer routes for inter-regional communication (i.e., reduced efficiency), and a preserved global balance (higher σ), possibly indicating a compensatory or reorganized small-world state under emotional demanding conditions. Taken together, these results highlight that cognitive or motivational manipulations can reshape whole-brain topology in systematic ways, providing insights that extend beyond traditional studies focused on isolated regions or localized neural activations. Whereas classical approaches often emphasize increases or decreases in activity within specific areas, the present network-level perspective reveals how the brain reorganizes its global communication architecture—how modules strengthen or loosen, how integration fluctuates, and how efficiency shifts across conditions. This broader systems-level view offers a more comprehensive understanding of how cognitive states emerge from coordinated patterns of connectivity rather than from the activity of single regions in isolation.Agencia Española de Investigación. Universidad de Jaén (CICT). Texas Christian University