Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research (JESR)
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Social Capital, Entrepreneurship and Rural Development
Full text linkArjowilangun Village is one of the most significant areas of origination in the Malang Regency for Indonesian migrant workers aiming to work overseas. The remittance sent by Indonesian migrant workers can be utilised to support the Designative program, by establishing and developing entrepreneurship. The growth and development of entrepreneurship can be formed from theparticipation of the village community. Community participation in developing independent entrepreneurship can in turn boost village development. In line with Indonesian culture, rural communities still put forward kinship, trust, mutual cooperation, networking and high social norms (social capital component). This research aims to identify the social capital of retiredIndonesian migrant workers and their decision to start business entrepreneurship. The results of the Social Network Analysis (SNA) as identified through three approaches: rate of participation, density and centrality showed that 14 respondents had the potential to be key figures in spreading information to increase community participation in village development. While the results of the correlation analysis indicate that the decision to start a business were influenced by the high value of their social capital, higher social capital can encourage the community to become entrepreneurs, enabling them to have a positive influence on village development
Optimizing Groundwater Aquifers Potential in The Development of Irrigation Wells for Agriculture Using Geo-Electrical Method
Full text linkThe identification of shallow groundwater aquifers is demanded to sustain the balance of utilization in agriculture and anticipate frictions that can occur due to the overlapping usage of groundwater resources. This study is aimed to identify the potential of groundwater resources based on the thickness and depth of the groundwater aquifer. Geoelectric resistivity methods have done with vertical electrical sounding (VES) and horizontal profiling techniques (2D mapping). The VES data acquisition was carried out with a Schlumberger array while 2D mapping by alpha Wenner array. Inversion results of vertical electrical sounding (VES) show that groundwater resistivity values in sedimentary rocks ranged from 1 to 100 ?m and in igneous rocks between 0.5 - 150 ?m. The results of 2D Resistivity Mapping also show that shallow aquifer depth ranged from 1 to 5 m with a thickness ranged from 15 m to more than 70 m. Meanwhile, bedrock depth ranged from 20 to 150 m with a pattern deeper to the west. Furthermore, the potential of groundwater aquifers in the development of irrigation wells for agriculture should be carried out in the western part of the study area.
Keywords: Groundwater, Shallow Aquifer, Rock Resistivity, Irrigation Well, Geo-Electrical Sounding
Fractal Hilbert Sensor to Detect Partial Discharge on Transformer
Full text linkThe design of fractal Hilbert sensor is presented in this paper. The sensor is intended to detect partial discharge (PD) in transformer insulation. The fractal Hilbert sensor designed using 4 order fractal and etching on single layer PCB board. The Hilbert fractal type is chosen as this type of sensor can be built on smaller area compare to other types. The sensor overall dimension is limited to 5x5 cm as it is proposed to be use to detect the PD presence in transformer. The sensor sensitivity is tested using a closed type TEM cell. After the sensitivity of the sensor is tested the sensor then applied to detect the PD signals emitted by void PD defect model. The results show the sensor has sensitivity as high as 10 dB. The sensor also has capability to detect the PD signals generated by the PD defect source. The waveforms captured by the sensor show the sensors can capture high frequency pulse generated by the PD sourc
A cans waste classification system based on RGB images using different distances of k-means clustering
Full text linkThis study aims to build a classify the cans waste based on the pixel of captured Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) image by implement different metric 3 distances of k-means clustering; Manhattan, Euclidean, and Minkowski metric distance. The image capturing is designed using combinations of two the conveyor belt speeds of 0.181 m/sec and 0.086 m/sec, two the lightings of halogen and incandescent lamps, and four lighting angles of 300, 450, 600, and 900. The classification results note that the implementation of Manhattan distance on the k-means clustering method for classifying the cans waste into three can types has the highest level of accuracy in the majority of data. The highest accuracy level of classification is obtained from data of captured image on the conveyor belt speeds of 0.181 m/sec, the lightings of halogen lamp, and the lighting angles of 450 by implementing the Euclidean distance, while the lowest accuracy level of classification is obtained from data of captured image on the lighting angles of 300 with the same speeds and the lamp by implementing the Manhattan distance. The highest average accuracy is obtained by implementing the Euclidean distance, that derived from the average accuracy at lighting angle of 450
Comparison of Types and Size of Biomass on Pirolysis Combustion Toward The Results of Bio-Charcoal and Liquid Smoke
Full text linkBiomass is a renewable carbon source and can be processed into gas fuels, liquid and solid fuels. Biomass has several types with different grain sizes. Biomass can be converted to other forms of energy by combustion pyrolysis. Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of organic matter through a heating process at high temperatures with little or no oxygen. The results of the pyrolysis process in the form of bio-charcoal and liquid smoke. The purpose of this research was to determine the comparison of types and sizes of biomass in pyrolysis combustion with characteristics of bio-charcoal and liquid smoke. This research method uses rubber shell biomass waste, green coconut husk and rice husk. Biomass is burned by slow pyrolysis in the reactor with biomass fuel. Combustion in reactors and pitot tubes containing biomass. Measured temperature, time, amount of biomass, bio-charcoal and liquid smoke and the heating value of bio-charcoal. The research results obtained the heating value of rubber shell bio-charcoal at 6661.55 cal / gr, bio-charcoal yield of 2.3 kg, liquid smoke yield of 0.242 kg, green coconut husk biomass heating value amounted to 5388.56 cal/gr, the yield of 1.8 kg of bio-charcoal, the result of liquid smoke of 0.308 kg. and rice husk biomass obtained the heating value of 3626.48 cal/gr with a bio-charcoal yield of 1.3 kg resulting from liquid smoke of 0.284 kg.
Keywords: Combustion, Pyrolysis, Liquid Smoke, Charcoal, Biomas
The Rheological Characteristics of Dammar Mata Kuching
Full text linkRheology is already defined as the science of flow and deformation of matter. The purpose of rheology is to look at the relationships between stress and deformation of the material-marterial (non-Newtonian) in order to explain its mechanical properties. One of the ingredients that is often used as a basic material for making products is dammar. Dammar is a general term used to name a material in the form of natural resin which is the result of exudation of trees from the Dipterocarpaceae and Burseraccae families. This research uses raw materials dammar and toluene which are used to make a solution of dammar with the proportion of dammar: toluene, namely 50: 50, 40: 60, 35: 65, and 30: 70. Then the rheological analysis is analyzed by measuring the viscosity value, the shear rate. , and also its shear stress. The viscosity value increases with the greater the shear rate and the value of n (Flow Behavior index) is> 1, indicating that a solution of resin is a fluid with a type of dilatan fluid.
Keywords: dammar, deformation, rheology, shear rate, shear stress
Electric Field Waveforms of Very Close Negative Cloud to Ground Flashes
Full text linkNegative cloud-to-ground brings down negative charge from cloud to ground. In this paper, observations of the characteristics of fast and slow electric field within reversal distance (less than 7-8 km from lightning sensor) are reported. A total of four negative cloud to ground lashes detected very close to our measurement site in Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka on 12th November 2019 were selected for analysis. The captured waveforms are compared with the location data provided by Tenaga Nasional Berhad Research (TNBR) for validation purposes. It can be observed that electric field changes of stepped leader and return stroke are always positive whether beyond or within reversal distance. Meanwhile, for cloud activities, the electric field change is always negative within reversal distance
Production and Characterization of Scaffold made of Hydroxyapatite and Pectin of Green Cincau Leaf (Premna Oblongifolia Merr)
Full text linkScaffold is a 3-dimensional matrix created as a new bone cell growth medium made from natural polymers and bioceramics. The extracted pectin from green Cincau leaves (Premna oblongifolia Merr) and hydroxyapatite (HA) are used in the manufacture of scaffolds. Pectin was extracted using citric acid with variation concentration of 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% (w / v). The 3% (w / w) HA-pectin mixture, dried freeze using a freeze dryer. The characterization of extracted pectin and HA-pectin scaffold was then performed. The results showed that pectin of green Cincau leaves had low methoxyl content, which was 1.364 to 5.022%. The resulting scaffold has a pore size ranging from 8.25 to 115 µm while the scaffold resistance to the load, i.e. 0.03 to 0.15 MPa. The scaffold porosity that has been made is 15.33 to 40.97% while the density is 0.69 to 1.02 g/cm
Mathematical Model of Improved Reverse Charging of Wireless Internet Pricing Scheme in Servicing Multiple QoS
Full text linkThis paper seeks to utilize the improved model of reverse charging scheme. Reverse charging basically is defined as a capability of stored network that replaces the network used when the network is suddenly shut down. In this paper, charging back on 3G and 4G network that is user automated platform, will change the access of 4G to 3G and on the contrary when platform conduct the hosting. This research was solved as a problem Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) by LINGO 13.0. An optimal pricing scheme is applied to a local data server, including digilib traffic and mail traffic. The improved model of Reverse Charging is modified into 4 cases and formed by setting the base price (?) and service level (?). Based on the analysis that has been done, the results of this study indicate that the reverse charging model can be utilized Internet Service Provider (ISP) to maximize profits and provide quality services for the user if compared to previous model without reverse charging schem
Value Chain Analysis of Cassava (Manihot Esculeta) in Toba Samosir Regency, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to map out the value chain of cassava (Manihot esculeta) and to measure the extent to which the cassava commodity in Toba Samosir Regency, North Sumatera, Indonesia, could affect the economics of the relevant stakeholders. This study employed the value chain mapping analysis method to map out the existing supply chain models. Data and information have been collected using semi-structured interviews to selected sample that represent the stakeholders’ population along the cassava supply chain in Toba Samosir Regency. The stakeholders have been identified using snowball technique. SWOT analysis was employed to deploy policy strategy in improving the cassava benefit for the stakeholders. From the study, we obtain three models of supply chain of cassava, namely: (i) direct sale of cassava root to consumer model, (ii) cassava-based food model, and (iii) tapioca starch model. The margins of each node for each supply chain were estimated. The value chain map reveals that the value engineering of cassava commodities is not optimal, in which the final products produced by all models of supply chain are far below the potential possible value. We finally recommended some value-added improvement strategy; for example, diversifying the product of cassava derivative that is more valuable that is higher-grade tapioca flour and modification of cassava flour.
Keywords: Value Chain Analysis, Cassava, North Sumatera