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Serbest Enerji Prensibi perspektifinden yapay sistemlerde öznesellik
No full textAgentic behavior of living organisms, meaning that their ability to engage in actions that have significance for the system, is difficult to capture in artificial systems. This difficulty leads to the Frame Problem in classical approaches to artificial intelligence. Enactive approaches aim to solve this problem by emphasizing the situated activity of the system, and picture cognition as a capacity that cannot be separated from environmental interactions. The first part of this thesis focuses on the historical roots of the Frame Problem and its solution in Life Mind Continuity Thesis. This solution, however, prevents further discussions of genuine agency in non-living systems. In the second part, a perspective on how actions of non-biological artificial systems can be genuinely agentic within the Free Energy Principle framework is developed.Canlı organizmaların öznesel davranışı, yani kendileri için önemi olan davranışlar sergileme yetenekleri yapay sistemlere aktarılabilmesi zor bir özelliktir. Bu zorluk klaisk yapay zeka uygulamalarında Çerçeve Problemi'yle karşılaşılmasına yol açar. Enaktif yaklaşımlar bu problemi sistemin çevreyle olan aktif iletişimini vurgulayarak ve bilişi bu aktif iletişmeden ayrılamayacak bir kapasite olarak betimleyerek çözmeye çalışır. Bu tezin ilk bölümünde Çerçeve Problemine Yaşam Zihin Sürekliliği Tezi üzerinden önerilen çözümlerin tarihsel gelişimini inceliyoruz. Fakat bu perspektiften geliştirilen çözümler yapay sistemlerdeki bilişsel kapasiteleri savunulmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. İkinci bölümde, biyolojik olmayan yapay sistemlerin Serbest Enerji Prensibi altında nasıl gerçek anlamda öznesel olabileceklerini tartışarak bir çerçeve geliştiriyoruz.M.S. - Master of Scienc
Vertical Self-Assembly of Gold Nanoworms for Sensitive Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy-Based Trace Detection
No full textThe assembly of anisotropic nanoparticles into closely packed structures results in unique functionalities. Herein, we report a 3D multilayer vertical assembly of worm-shaped Au nanoparticles using a carefully regulated evaporation-induced deposition method. With the evaporation of the nanoworm (NW) suspension, the concentration of NWs in the suspension gradually increases, which generates a balance between electrostatic interactions and entropically driven attraction to produce multilayer vertical assemblies. These assemblies exhibit enhanced surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals due to the presence of a high concentration of hotspots. Moreover, in contrast to nanorods, the bent morphology of NWs creates pores in the vertical assembly, enabling the analyte molecule to penetrate the assembly and access hotspots. Picomolar to micromolar concentrations of rhodamine 6G (R6G) were detected with the NW assembly-based SERS substrate with excellent linearity and uniformity of the signal with a spot-to-spot relative standard deviation (RSD) of only 8.9%. The SERS substrates were also employed for trace detection of ammonium nitrate, which is a well-known constituent of homemade explosives. Our method of producing multilayer vertical assemblies of NWs is simple, highly sensitive, stable, and reproducible for making effective SERS sensors for the quantitative detection of analytes
Exploring Teachers' Understanding of Collaborative Learning and Teamwork Strategies in Makerspaces
No full textMakerspaces are interactive learning environments that provide students with opportunities to improve life and
career skills. The importance of these spaces has grown over the years. In Türkiye, the Ministry of National
Education has established makerspace-like environments, known as Design and Skills-Labs (Tasarım Beceri
Atölyeleri or TBA in Turkish) in public schools. This study was conducted to explore public-school teachers’
understanding of collaborative learning (CL) and teamwork strategies in the design and skills labs. The sequential
exploratory design was applied for this mixed method research to collect data in two phases: qualitative interviews
with experts working on makerspaces, followed by quantitative survey data collection from public school teachers
who work in TBAs. The qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews from 13 national and
international field experts to understand what collaboration and teamwork mean in makerspaces. The themes and
subthemes that emerged from this phase guided the quantitative data collection phase. The latter was conducted in
the form of an online survey with 101 public school TBA teachers. The results indicated that teachers know the
importance of CL, its application, and strategies in the learning environment. However, CL strategies, assessment
techniques, and resources continued to be one of the major challenges faced by teachers in TBAs. The factors that
interfere with teachers’ competencies include the lack of prior training on TBA environments. As for resources,
financial and funding factors were speculated to be challenging as well
OKUL TÜRÜ, SINIF DÜZEYİ VE CİNSİYET BAĞLAMINDA LİSE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN FİZİKLE İLGİLİ AİDİYET DUYGUSU, KİŞİSEL EPİSTEMOLOJİLERİ VE FİZİK BAŞARILARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER
No full textThis study explores the relationships among students' physics-related sense of
belonging, personal epistemologies, and physics achievement (PA) across grade
levels (9th-11th) and gender, specifically focusing on variations among school types:
Anatolian High School (AHS) and Science-Oriented High School (SHS) students.
The sample of the study was drawn by convenience sampling, including students
from an AHS and a SHS in the Küçükçekmece district of Istanbul. The study
participants included 529 (315 Female, 214 Male) high school students. The Physics-
Related Personal Epistemology Questionnaire was administered to assess students’
physics-related personal epistemologies (PPE) including five subdimensions
(structure of knowledge, justification of knowledge, changeability of knowledge,
source of knowledge, quick learning and effort) and the Students’ Sense of Physics
Belonging Survey was applied to assess students’ sense of belonging to physics (SoBP). The correlation analysis indicated that PA is consistently and positively
associated with PPE across various grade levels and school types, particularly among
tenth-grade students in AHS and male students in SHS. While PA showed a positive
relationship with the sub-dimensions of PPE—most notably quality of learning
QL—SoBP was moderately correlated with PA among certain male students in SHS.
The Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) further demonstrated significant
effects of grade level, gender, and school type on key outcome variables, with
notable differences in JK, and CK across grades. Males reported higher SoBP
overall, whereas females tended to exhibit stronger SK, especially in SHS.
Interaction effects emerged between grade level and school type for PA, and between
gender and school type for CK.Bu tez çalışması, öğrencilerin fizikle ilişkili aidiyet duygusu, kişisel epistemolojileri
ve fizik başarıları arasındaki ilişkiyi 9. 10. ve 11. sınıf düzeyleri ile cinsiyet açısından
inceleyerek, özellikle Anadolu Lisesi (AL) ve Fen Lisesi (FL) öğrencileri arasında
gözlenen farklılıklara odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmanın örneklemi, İstanbul’un
Küçükçekmece ilçesindeki bir AL ve bir FL’deki öğrencilerden oluşmuş ve kolayda
örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiştir. Araştırmaya toplam 529 (315 kız, 214 erkek)
öğrenci katılmıştır. Öğrencilerin fizikle ilişkili kişisel epistemolojilerini
değerlendirmek amacıyla, bilginin yapısı, bilginin gerekçelendirilmesi, bilginin
değişebilirliği, bilginin kaynağı ve çaba sarf etme olmak üzere beş alt boyutu içeren
‘Fizikle İlgili Kişisel Epistemoloji Anketi’ uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin
fizikle ilişkili aidiyet duygusunu belirlemek amacıyla ‘Fizik Aidiyet Duygusu
Anketi’ kullanılmıştır. Korelasyon analizi, öğrencilerin fizik başarısının
epitemolojileri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu gösterirken, özellikle AL’deki 10. sınıf öğrencileri ve FL’deki erkek öğrenciler arasında bu ilişkinin daha belirgin
olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Fizik başarısı ile aidiyet duygusu arasında anlamlı bir
ilişki bulunmamıştır. Epistemolojinin alt boyutları—özellikle çaba sarf etme—ile
fizik başarısı arasında pozitif bir ilişki gözlenirken, aidiyet duygusuyla bazı FL’li
erkek öğrencilerde ise orta düzeyde bir korelasyona sahiptir. Çok Değişkenli
Varyans Analizi (MANOVA), temel değişkenler üzerinde önemli etkiler olduğunu
ortaya koymuş; özellikle bilginin gerekçelendirilmesi ve bilginin değişebilirliği alt
boyutlarında sınıflar arasında anlamlı farklılıklar saptanmıştır. Erkek öğrenciler
genel olarak daha yüksek aidiyet duygusu bildirirken, özellikle FL’deki kız
öğrencilerin bilginin yapısı boyutunda daha sofistike inaçlara sahip olduğu
görülmektedir. Ayrıca, fizik başarısı üzerinde sınıf düzeyi ile okul türü arasında,
bilginin değişebilirliği alt boyutu üzerinde ise cinsiyet ile okul türü arasında
etkileşim etkileri ortaya çıkmıştır.M.S. - Master of Scienc
Characterization of Plant-Based Raw Materials Used in Meat Analog Manufacture
Full text linkThe purpose of this research was to investigate the characteristics of different plant-based sources rich in protein, chickpea flour (CPF), hazelnut oil cake (HOC), soy protein isolate (SPI) and concentrate (SPC), and pea protein isolate (PPI) for their subsequent use in the manufacture of meat analogs. The protein sources were analyzed for dry matter, ash, protein, fat, starch, dietary fiber, water holding capacity, granulosity, color parameters (L*, a*, b*, C*, YI), antioxidant activity before and after gastrointestinal in vitro digestion, and amino acid and mineral compositions. The highest dry matter content was determined in hazelnut oil cake and pea protein isolate. For the protein content, maximum values were obtained for the protein isolate and concentrate samples, from 52.80% to 80.50%, followed by hazelnut oil cake and chickpea flour. The water-holding capacity of all plant sources was directly influenced by the values of protein content, dietary fiber, and granulosity. The results obtained after gastrointestinal digestion also showed quite significant antioxidant activity, which is due to the process of hydrolysis and denaturation of plant-based protein sources in the gastrointestinal tract. Major amino acids identified in the analyzed samples were glutamic acid, leucine, arginine, phenylalanine, serine, valine, alanine, and tyrosine from minerals P, Na, Mg, and Ca. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to illustrate the relationship between physicochemical characteristics, amino acid composition, mineral composition, and antioxidant activity determined in the plant-based materials
A Movie Analysis in the Context of Paternal Function and Ego Ideal in Psychoanalytic Theory: Scarface
No full textFilmler, insanın zihinsel süreçlerine ayna tutabilen sanat yapıtlarıdır. Sinemanın doğası
ve filmlerin sembolik yapısı, karakterlerin iç dünyalarını gözlemleme ve psikanalitik
çerçevede yorumlayabilme olanağı sunmaktadır. Psikanalitik kuramda; zihinsel işleyişin
oluşumunda ve ben’in gelişiminde baba işlevi kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Çocuğun
gerçeklik ve toplumsal olan ile tanışabilmesi ve ben idealini bu eksende oluşturabilmesi;
babanın, anne ile çocuk arasındaki ilişkiye dahil olabilme kapasitesi ile ilişkilidir. Bu
çalışmanın amacı; Scarface filmindeki Tony Montana karakteri üzerinden psikanalitik
kuramdaki baba işlevi ve ben idealini değerlendirmektir. Tony Montana, Küba’dan
Amerika’ya mülteci olarak gelmiş bir suçludur. Film boyunca Tony’nin nasıl büyük bir
uyuşturucu baronu haline geldiği işlenirken bir yandan da zihinsel işleyişindeki kayıp
baba figürü ile kurulmaya çalışılan ilkel bir özdeşimin ve baba işlevinin yetersizliğinin,
ben ve ben ideali arasındaki uçuruma nasıl etki ettiği gözlemlenebilmektedir. İç
dünyadaki kayıp babanın, Tony’nin gerçeklik ve toplumsal olanla uyum geliştirme
imkanını engellediği ve her şeyi başaracak ve babadan alamadığını telafi edebilecek
kişinin, sadece kendisi olduğuna dair bir yanılsamaya yol açtığı varsayılmaktadır.Movies are works of art that can mirror human mental processes. The nature of cinema
and the symbolic structure of movies offer the opportunity to observe characters’ inner
worlds and interpret them in a psychoanalytic framework. In psychoanalytic theory,
paternal functions play a critical role in forming mental functioning and developing the
ego. The child’s ability to get acquainted with reality and the social and to form the ego
ideal on this axis is related to the capacity of the father to be involved in the relationship
between the mother and the child. This study aimed to examine the paternal function
and the ego ideal in psychoanalytic theory through the character of Tony Montana in the
movie Scarface. Tony Montana is a criminal who came to America as a refugee from Cuba.
Throughout the movie, Tony’s rise to power as a big drug lord could be observed on the
basis of his primitive identification with the missing father figure and the inadequacy of
paternal functions in his mental functioning affecting the gap between the ego and the
ego ideal. The missing father in the inner world of Tony appears to hinder his ability to
harmonize with reality and society, leading to the illusion that he alone can achieve
everything compensating for what he did not get from his father.Publisher's Versio
Im/mobility in a disruptive time: the impact of Covid-19 on the size and directional flow of international student mobility
No full textThe share of internationally mobile students has risen exponentially for the last two decades until the disruptive COVID-19 period, leading to a more diverse and multipolar network structure. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused restrictions across the globe. This systematic review aims to explore how COVID-19 has affected the magnitude, flows, and direction of internationally mobile students. A total of 57 studies, retrieved from several databases after extensive search, were analyzed regarding the dimensions of size, flow, direction, and pattern in international student mobility during the pandemic. The review suggests that following the pandemic, international student mobility was still dominated by the top-tier countries due to their swift actions and incremental policies, while some other countries gained visibility for international students and attracted more international students owing to students' safety concerns and revised international student policies of the countries. Further, students' study abroad decisions from source countries seemed to be shaped by the policies and regulations implemented during the pandemic, the political environment of the destination country, and personal concerns about safety and getting the most out of the study abroad experience. These factors reshaped the directional flow of international student mobility and study modality, particularly concerning regionalization and digital transformation for higher education institutions
Sıcak Dövme Sürecinin İzlenmesi ve Yönlendirilmesi için Uzman Sistem
No full textIncreasing productivity of forging companies is critical for their competitiveness. Digital Transformation technologies provide opportunity for the forging companies to increase productivity and quality by reducing defective parts and increasing equipment life.
In this Ph.D. thesis study, a novel smart forging process software, which is an expert software system, has been developed and named as “SmartForge”. SmartForge monitors by recording sensors data in real time during forging production in the shopfloor for process parameters, evaluates them, diagnoses the out of limits cases, and provides guidance. According to evaluation, warning messages are sent to the related personnel and SmartForge generates reports after completion of the production of the related production lot. Reports help them for solving problems encountered during the mass production and/or prevent from manufacturing of defective forging part, damage of the forging dies and damage of forging press, etc. SmartForge has flexibility to be customized for any hot forging company.
In this study, the images captured by preparing different setups in forging shopfloor, have also been analyzed in forging industry and one of the applications has been integrated to SmartForge.
SmartForge has been successfully tested both by the real time data in real forging production environment, and by synthetic data. Since it is not possible to observe the out-of-limit cases for all the process parameters in forging companies, synthetic sensors data has been generated to test the capabilities of SmartForge. Use of SmartForge provides positive impact on sustainability and decrease in cost.Dövme şirketlerinin verimliliğini artırmak, rekabetçilikleri için önem taşımaktadır. Dijital dönüşüm teknolojileri, hatalı parça üretimini azaltarak ve ekipman ömrünü uzatarak dövme şirketlerine hem verimliliği hem de kaliteyi artırma fırsatı sunmaktadır.
Bu doktora tez çalışmasında, uzman bir yazılım sistemi olan ve "SmartForge" olarak isimlendirilen yeni bir akıllı dövme süreç yazılımı geliştirilmiştir. SmartForge, dövme üretimi sırasında proses parametrelerini gerçek zamanlı olarak sensör verilerini kaydederek izlemekte, bu verileri değerlendirmekte, limitlerin dışına çıkan durumları teşhis etmekte ve kullanıcılara yol göstermektedir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler doğrultusunda, ilgili personele uyarı mesajları gönderilmekte ve SmartForge, ilgili üretim kafilesinin tamamlanmasının ardından raporlar oluşturmaktadır. Raporlar, seri üretim sırasında karşılaşılan sorunların çözülmesine ve/veya hatalı dövme parçaların üretilmesinin, dövme kalıplarının ve dövme presinin zarar görmesinin önlenmesine yardımcı olmaktadır. SmartForge, herhangi bir sıcak dövme şirketi için özelleştirilebilme esnekliğine sahiptir.
Bu çalışmada, dövme atölyesinde farklı düzeneklerde elde edilen görüntüler analiz edilmiş ve bunlardan bir uygulama SmartForge yazılımına entegre edilmiştir. SmartForge, hem gerçek dövme üretim ortamında gerçek zamanlı verilerle hem de sentetik veriler kullanılarak başarıyla test edilmiştir. Dövme şirketlerinde tüm proses parametrelerinin limit dışı durumlarını gözlemlemek mümkün olmadığından, SmartForge'un yeteneklerini test etmek amacıyla sentetik sensör verileri üretilmiştir. SmartForge'un kullanımı, sürdürülebilirlik üzerinde olumlu bir etki yaratmış ve maliyetlerin düşürülmesine katkıda bulunmaktadır.Ph.D. - Doctoral Progra
Mechanical and biological evaluation of β-dicalcium silicate/dicalcium phosphate-based cements: promising materials for biomedical applications
Full text linkThis study explores the synthesis and evaluation of β-Dicalcium silicate and Dicalcium phosphate-based cements for biomedical use. β-Tricalcium phosphate was synthesized using microwave-assisted wet precipitation, while β-Dicalcium silicate was prepared via the sol-gel method. Composites with varying β-Dicalcium silicate contents (20%, 30%, 40%) were formulated and characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Field emission scanning electron microscope analyses. The 40% β-Dicalcium silicate composite showed the highest compressive strength at 10.22 MPa. Antibacterial tests against Staphylococcus aureus revealed that gentamicin-loaded Dicalcium phosphate cement had superior properties. Cytotoxicity studies using the Osteogenic sarcoma cell line revealed that the β-Dicalcium Silicate /Dicalcium Phosphate composites supported better cell viability compared to pure Dicalcium phosphate cement, with the 20% β-Dicalcium silicate /Dicalcium phosphate composition being the most effective in promoting cell growth. These findings suggest that β-Dicalcium silicate /Dicalcium phosphate composites hold promise for biomedical applications
Policy and practice in L2 classroom assessment: policy implementation at a state high school in Türkiye
Full text linkThis study investigates how the explicit policies set for assessing English achievement in the instructional policy documents come to life at a particular program of a state high school. Junior-year students and their English-as-a-foreign-language teachers were the participants. Data were gathered through field notes, observations, interviews, and documents. Findings suggested a discrepancy between policy and practice in assessing English achievement. Instructional policy documents created at different layers of the policy conveyed a mixture of traditional and performance-based assessment types as the leading features of the intended assessment. However, the field data demonstrated that though principles of intended assessment were achieved to a degree, features of traditional assessment dominated classroom assessment practices. Several contextual factors ranging from teacher beliefs to top-down policy implementation were found influential in the realisation of the policy. The study presents implications for instructional policymaking, language classroom assessment, and in-service training for language teachers