Himalayan Journal of Health Sciences (HJHS)
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Study of microbial contents in different types of potable Water from different area of Ghaziabad
Get PDFIn Ghaziabad district of Uttar Pradesh, groundwater is one of the substantial resources that need great concern as it is consumed by all the sectors of domestic, irrigation and industrial purposes. The present study examined the groundwater quality of the district on the basis of land use types. A total number of 6 sites were identified in the district from residential, industrial and agricultural areas during pre-monsoon (May 2017) season. It shows that, even the source is not protected; water is not contaminated all the time with faecal pathogens at source. Mostly, water has become contaminated at household because of the poor hygiene practice. The faecal pathogens pathway for water contamination is highly susceptible. Water treatment system is necessary to provide potable water for the community. Together with the water quality improvement, personal hygiene enhancement is also mandatory. The community of Chotidanda is not aware of the links between hand hygiene and water quality. Even though people do not take any action to improve the water quality in household level they are positive about protecting the water source and for water quality improvement system in community level
AYURVEDA PERSPECTIVE OF GENETICS W.S.R. TO BIJA, BIJABHAGA AND BIJABHAGAVAYAVA
Get PDFAyurveda is science of medicine practicing in India from thousands of years; the literature of ayurveda encompasses description of genetics. Sushruta has classified hereditary and congenital types of diseases such as; sthaulya, klaibya, prameha and other diseases occurs due to the defect in genetic component. Ayurveda also emphasized that the variation in prakriti is also due to the variation in genetic component. Therefore as per ayurveda the terms hereditary play vital role towards the health and well-being of an individual. Beeja (chromosome), beejabhaga (genes) and beejabhagavayava (fraction of part of chromosome) are important terms described by ayurveda to explain defects in sperm and ovum. The beeja, beejabhaga and beejabhagavayava are considered responsible for hereditary diseases along with other factors. Present article describe ayurveda perspective of genetics with special description of Beejabhaga and Beejabhagavayava
BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES OF CALLUS GROWTH AND LYCOPENE PIGMENT PRODUCTION FROM TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) UNDER DROUGHT STRESS
Get PDFThis experiment was conducted in faculty of Science labs, Kufa University, carried out during 2015 to applied methods for extraction, purification and Quantitative of Lycopene red pigments, from callus tissue and tomato fruits mother plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill).This study include of three parts, Firstly; Tomato seeds(Supper queen) hybrid were germinated in free MS medium and callus induction from shoot tip (3cmpieces) by using MS medium supplemented with Dichlorophenoxiactic acid (2,4-D) at different concentration (0.5,1, 1.5mg/l)with benzyl adenine (BA) at concentration of (0.3 mg/l). Secondly; identically callus fresh weight re-cultured in the same MS medium supplemented with high molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as selective agent at level of (5,10,15 and 25%). Thirdly; comparisons study were made between in vitro and in vivo grown plant. Powder of control lycopene used as standard solution. The content of lycopene was done by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and compare of the quantitatively of lycopene with these content in fruits of mother plant, and callus tissue. Also, include alcohol extraction of Lycopene from tomato fruit by using acetone and hexane mixture. The result showed significant increased (P< 0.05) of lycopene production and the superiority of lycopene content in callus than the content in fruits of mother plant. Antioxidant enzymes activity like Catalase (CAT),Guaiacol peroxidise (POX) and Superoxide dismutase(SOD) were high in callus under drought stress than in fruit of mother plant. However, Proline and total sugar content were at higher levels in callus under drought stress than in fruit of mother plant
EFFECTS OF NIPAH VIRUS IN TODAY’S WORLD
Get PDFThe effect of Nipah Virus Infection is increasing day by day in today’s scenario and more number of cases are found in various countries. In India it was discovered in Sikkim, Siliguri and West Bengal. It is near borders with China, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sikkim. The primary pathways of transmission is from bats to people, in Bangladesh its transformed via contamination of raw date palm sap by bats with subsequent consumption by humans and through infection of domestic animals (cattle, pigs, and goats), presumably from consumption of food contaminated with bat saliva or urine with subsequent transmission to people. It is found in both species of humans as well as animals more number of deaths was found in the both spices, hence zoonotics. Laboratory investigations at the time of the outbreak did not show or identify an infectious agent. Approximately half of recognized Nipah cases in Bangladesh developed their disease following person to person transmission of the virus. Efforts to prevent transmission should focus on decreasing bat access to date palm sap and reducing family members' and friends' exposure to infected patients' saliva or body fluids
Recent classification of diabetes mellitus
Get PDFThe right classification for diabetes mellitus (DM) allows a more adequate treatment and comprises four categories: type 1 DM, type 2 DM, other types, and gestational diabetes. Assigning a type of diabetes to an individual often depends on the circumstances present at the time of diagnosis, and many diabetic individuals do not easily fit into a single class. Diabetes mellitus and lesser forms of glucose intolerance, particularly impaired glucose tolerance, can now be found in almost every population in the world and epidemiological evidence suggests that, without effective prevention and control programmes, diabetes will likely continue to increase globally. These findings were confirmed in a similar study in India, in which the FPG and 2-h PG were each strongly and equally associated with retinopathy. For both the FPG and the 2-h PG, the prevalence of retinopathy was markedly higher above the point of intersection of the two components of the bimodal frequency distribution (FPG = 129 mg/dl [7.2 mmol/l] and 2- h PG = 207 mg/dl [11.5 mmol/l]). In the NHANES III, 2,821 individuals aged 40-74 years received an OGTT, a measurement of HbAlc, and an assessment of retinopathy by fundus photography
EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC FRUITS EXTRACT OF EMBELIA RIBES BURM ON DEXAMETHASONE INDUCED INSULIN RESISTANCE IN MICE
Get PDFThis study was designed to examine the effect of ethanolic fruits extract of Embelia ribes Burm on dexamethasone-(1mg/kg, intramuscular, 22 days) induced Insulin resistance in Mice. Twenty two days of oral feeding the extract (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) to induced mice resulted in significant (P < .01) decrease in blood glucose, triglyeride, Insulin, HOMA-IR index and increase in body weight levels as compared to dexa control mice. Further, the extract also significantly (P < .01) decreased the MDA levels and significantly (P < .01) increased the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels as compared to above levels in Hepatic tissue of dexa control mice and also increased glucose uptake by skeletal muscle. The results of test drug were comparable to pioglitazone (2 mg/kg, i.m , 22 days), a standard antihyperglycemic agent.
The study concludes that Embelia ribes enhances the antioxidant defense against reactive oxygen species produced under hyperglycemic condition and Embelia ribes may prove to be effective in the treatment of Type-II Diabetes mellitus owing to its ability to decrease insulin resistance
FORMULATION AND RELEASE CHARACTERISATION OF POLYMER- BLENDED ALGINATE MICROSPHERES FOR AN ANTIDIABETIC DRUG
No full textAlginate microspheres for a highly water soluble antidiabetic drug Metformin hydrochloride was prepared by ionic gelation method and investigated for its various physicochemical and release properties. To prevent a rapid drug release from alginate microspheres in simulated gastro-intestinal media, alginate microspheres were blended with polymers, hydroxy propyl methylcellulose, methylcellulose, chitin and chitosan and evaluated as additive polymers for controlling the drug release. Results indicated that quantity of polymer; gelating agent and time of cross-linking affected the shape, size and release characteristics from the prepared dosage forms. Use of polymers to retard the release of drug was effective. Drug release from the microspheres followed swelling and erosion. The selected batches sustained the release of the drug for more than 8 h. and showed drug entrapment efficiency up to 85%. As the polymer concentration in the formulation increased, the drug release generally decreased. HPMC-blended microspheres swelled but withstood the disintegration, showing an ideal linear release profiles. The zero order release was shown by all the formulations except when chitosan was incorporated. In comparison with chitosan-blended microspheres, HPMC-blended and MC blended alginate microspheres can be easily made and used for controlled drug delivery systems due to convenient process and better controlled drug release
NEW DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND VARIOUS DRUG APPLICATIONS UNDER FDA
No full textoai:ojs2.ijistweb.com:article/1New drug is the one which is not previously available and intended to cure the unmet medical need. New drug development is very critical because there is no guarantee for the success of development. One of major stage in drug development is clinical phases, where phase 1 is conducted in healthy volunteers in small group, where phase 2 is conducted in small group of patient population, phase 3 is on large group of patient population, and at last after new marketing phase 4 starts, this is to identify unknown uses and adverse effect which are not found in previous phases. FDA is considered to be the world’s most stringent drug regulatory body. New drug is evaluated by various professionals in their departments from CDER
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PANCHKARMA W.S.R. TO THE MANASA VIKARA: A REVIEW
Get PDFAnciently Indian system of medicine describes two types of diseases sharirik and manasika according to the location and doshik involvement. Literature reveals that mental disorders (manasa vikara) possess significant relation with the body. The manasa vikara are due to the impairment of common mental functions; alpa stwa, vitiation of sharirik and manas dhosas and vitiation of manovah srotas. Mans vikara may also resulted from emotional disturbance due to derangement of rajo and tamo dhosa. Ancient observation of medical practice emphasizes significant role of purification/shodhna therapy in manasa vikara; this article summarizes role of purification/shodhna therapy such as; Panchacarma in the management of mental disorders
REQUIREMENTS OF DRUG PRODUCT REGISTRATION IN RUSSIA
No full textRussia is poised to be among the top five Global pharmaceutical markets in terms of value in the next five years. The registration is a state procedure of drug quality, efficacy and safety evaluation to obtain an approval for medical use of a drug in the Russian Federation. The designated federal executive authority regulating drug registration issues is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. This is due to the heterogeneity in the regulatory landscape of the various countries. Therefore, to meet these challenges, a lot of strategic planning is required before the development of any generic drug product. Registration should be seen as a critical step in ensuring access to safe and effective medicinal product