International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS)
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Epidemiological analysis of the incidence of endometrial hyperplasia in a large city of Kazakhstan
Get PDFEndometrial hyperplasia (EH) is an abnormality of uterus, characterized by excessive proliferation of endometrium, and in case of lack of timely diagnostics and treatment, it may rapidly progress to endometrial cancer (EC). According to the World Cancer Research Fund, EC ranks 6th among all female malignancies in the world. EC takes the 3rd place in the Republic of Kazakhstan according to the state statistics. However, there is no determining statistical data on dynamics of EH incidence in our region, which will show the extent of exposure of the population to this disease. Therefore, this research provides assessment and analysis of all registered cases of EH from the Republican Center for Electronic Healthcare for the period from 2012 to 2022 for presentation of accurate and correct information on the trends of EH incidence and its histologic types, taking into account age differences of the female population of our city. The study has showed the increase of indicators of incidence of EH, especially, non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia (NAEH) and atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH). It was found that the peak incidence of EH occurred in the age group of 65-69 years, where the main increase was due to an increase in number of cases of NAEH. The age group of 45-49 years is at the peak of the incidence of AEH. The conducted research has identified the trends of EH incidence, reflecting population changes in the EH risk factors, and that requires their comprehensive study for development of strategies of treatment and prevention measures
Influence of knowledge, access to information, and health seeking behavior on antibiotic self-medication in Thailand
Get PDFAntibiotic self-medication (ASM) significantly contributes to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a pressing global health concern. However, the impact of knowledge, health information access, and health-seeking behavior on ASM in Thailand is poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate these influences using data from the 2021 health and welfare survey conducted by Thailand’s National Statistical Office. A generalized linear mixed model was applied to assess associations. Variables with a p-value <0.25 in bivariate analysis were further analyzed in a multivariable model, with adjusted odds ratios (AOR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and p-values reported. Among 26,030 participants, 2.79% (95% CI: 2.59%-2.99%) engaged in ASM. Low knowledge of antibiotic use was strongly linked to ASM (AOR=4.30, 95% CI: 2.61-7.08), as was moderate knowledge (AOR=2.47, 95% CI: 1.49-4.09). Lack of antibiotic-related information significantly increased ASM (AOR=3.86, 95% CI: 3.03-4.92). Recent health-seeking behaviors, including over-the-counter medication (AOR=3.54, 95% CI: 2.02-6.21) and avoiding public and private hospitals, were also major contributors. Medication and transportation expenses were additional significant factors. Enhancing access to health information, knowledge, and healthcare services could reduce ASM in Thailand
Exploring spatial variations and risk factors associated with cesarean section delivery in Bangladesh
Get PDFThis study was to explore the spatial variations and risk factors of cesarean delivery in Bangladesh. We used the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-18 data. The Getis-Ord Gi* statistic was applied to assess the hot spots and cold spots of cesarean delivery, and a multilevel logistic regression model was utilized to determine the risk factors related to cesarean delivery in Bangladesh. This study found that one-third of all births (33%; 95% CI = 30.68-34.66) delivered through cesarean section. The hot spots of cesarean delivery were in Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi and Rangpur divisions. The cold spots were in Barisal, Rangpur, and Sylhet divisions. Women with higher education (OR =2 .24, 95% CI = 1.49-3.36), overweight/obese women (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.63–2.63) and women from Khulna division (OR = 1.87, 95% CI= 1.32–2.64) were significantly associated with cesarean section. Therefore, concentrating on factors including women’s education, partner's education, partner’s occupation, age at first birth, wealth index, women’s body mass index (BMI) status, media exposure, and divisions might play a crucial role in reducing the unnecessary cesarean section in Bangladesh
Interdisciplinary diagnostics and dental treatment: clinical case report of a 13-year-old female patient
Get PDFThe study was conducted at the Faculty of Dental Medicine, University Medical-Dental Center, Varna, Bulgaria, in 2023, with permission and informed consent from the parents and the patient. Patient K. Vl. Ts., 13 years old from the city of Varna, comes without complaints. The reason for the visit is a desire to consult an orthodontist and start orthodontic treatment. The patient had a hospital stay at the age of 8 due to an operation - adenoidectomy. PLI - Plaque index by Silness and Löe with a value equal to 1.58, which defines oral hygiene as satisfactory to poor. Exogenous prophylaxis was performed. Treatment of plaque-associated gingival inflammation with professional oral hygiene and application of fluoride varnish every 3 months. Treatment of dental caries is operative: Teeth 27, 36, 37, 47 - with caries occlusalis D 2-3, lesions - after minimally invasive operative treatment with a glass-ionomer cement (GIC) placed, a definitive filling was made with photo-composite and sealant application of the healthy pits and fossae of the fissure. Patients and their parents should be trained to practice excellent oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment in order to reduce the risk of developing dental caries
Relationship between employment changes and psychosocial discomfort during the COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFDue to the COVID-19 pandemic and the containment and prevention measures established at the global and national level, daily life activities were affected, deepening inequities in Chile and impacting the population's mental health. The study's objective was to analyze the relationship between working conditions and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. For this, a cross-sectional study was implemented using an anonymous and self-administered online questionnaire, reaching a final sample size of 784 people ≥18 years. The questionnaire explored sociodemographics, work, income, and psychological distress information. We computed logistic regression models to assess risk factors associated with psychological discomfort. Data showed that higher percentage of women dedicate more hours per week to household chores, caring for other people, and accompanying schoolwork than men. More than half of the participants (55%) reported psychological discomfort, with household income reduction as the main risk factor. Our results reflect the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile, with a severe decrease in household income, a risk factor for psychological discomfort. It is important to implement strategies to protect mental health during health emergencies, considering more vulnerable populations
Parenting styles, psychological need and game genre in internet gaming disorder
Get PDFInternet gaming disorder (IGD) is a growing concern among adolescents. This study examines the impact of different parenting styles on IGD, focusing on the mediating role of psychological need satisfaction. Using a cross-sectional correlational design with mediation analysis, this research investigates indirect effects to understand how parenting styles influence IGD. The study involved 300 participants and analyzed three main parenting styles: authoritative (firm but supportive), authoritarian (strict and controlling), and permissive (lenient). Findings indicate that authoritative parenting reduces IGD by supporting the fulfillment of basic psychological needs, such as autonomy, competence, and connection, as outlined in self-determination theory (SDT). Conversely, authoritarian parenting is associated with higher IGD, as it restricts these psychological needs in real life, leading adolescents to seek fulfillment through excessive gaming, particularly in genres like battle royale. permissive parenting did not show a significant effect on IGD. Additionally, the study revealed that boys are more likely than girls to exhibit higher IGD and find greater psychological need satisfaction in gaming. These results highlight the importance of parenting styles and psychological needs in understanding IGD among adolescents
Inclusion of children with autism in a mainstreamed school: a case study analysis
Get PDFInclusion of children with autism in mainstream schools is essential for fostering social integration and equitable education; however, significant challenges persist in implementation worldwide. This study investigates inclusion practices for children with autism in a mainstream school, focusing on barriers and enablers in creating an inclusive educational environment. Using a qualitative case study design, data were collected from 16 participants, including one principal, eight teachers, three special educators, and four parents, selected through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and analysis of school policies and documents provided comprehensive insights, analysed through thematic analysis with triangulation to ensure robustness. Findings revealed critical challenges, such as limited resources, inadequate teacher preparedness, and social stigma, while highlighting effective practices like individualized education plans (IEPs), peer mentoring, and collaborative approaches to IEP development. The study underscores the importance of policy reforms, targeted teacher training, and greater community involvement to support sustainable inclusion. These findings offer actionable recommendations for improving inclusive practices and creating supportive learning environments for children with autism, advancing the broader agenda of inclusive education
A scoping review of economic evaluations of post-traumatic stress disorder patients’ intervention
Get PDFIntervention programmes for patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been extensively evaluated economically, and the related implementation costs are presumably high. This study reviewed the cost-effectiveness of PTSD intervention programmes and associated health benefits. The literature search was carried out between June and July 2023. The PRISMA guidelines for scoping review protocols were strictly followed. A literature search was conducted on the National Health Service (NHS) Economic Evaluation Database, PubMed, PsycInfo, and EconLit, this search yielded 16 studies. This review revealed that trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy (+selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor) (TF+CBT+SSRIs); prolonged exposure therapy; MDMA-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT); stepped care, screen and treatment; and the transmural trauma care model were cost-effective for PTSD treatment. The cost-effectiveness of intervention programmes that lasted 10 to 31 years was greater. In general, long-term intervention programmes have been associated with health benefits. It is also important to note that telemedicine, cognitive-behavioural therapy, biopsychosocial therapy, and individual therapeutic interventions are capital-intensive and inefficient. When disbursing funding for PTSD treatment around the world, the world health organisation (WHO) should keep in mind these identified interventions and the countries where they have been found to be cost-effective
Social support as a key factor in the health promotion model: influencing diabetic wound prevention behavior
Get PDFDiabetic foot wounds are a serious problem that threatens the quality of life of diabetes patients. Individual factors, family, and social support have an important role in preventing diabetic foot wounds. This research aims to determine the aspects of social support in preventing diabetic foot wounds. The research employed a cross-sectional design, involving 120 respondents. The Modified Diabetic Foot Care Behavior (MD FCB) instrument was used to assess behavior related to diabetic foot care. Data analysis was conducted using logistic regression. The results indicated a positive correlation between high levels of social support and the prevention of diabetic foot wounds. In assessing patient knowledge about foot care, it was found that 20 people (16.7%) had poor knowledge. Additionally, low family support was seen in 23 people (19.2%), low peer support in 17 people (14.2%), and low support from health workers in 15 people (12.5%). Furthermore, 42 people (35%) exhibited poor behavior in preventing foot wounds. The Chi-square test revealed a significant influence of knowledge on behavior for preventing diabetic foot wounds (p-value 0.001). Meanwhile, the correlation between family support, peer support, and support from health workers in relation to diabetic foot wound prevention behavior was significant, with each showing a p-value of 0.01. Enhancing social support is identified as an effective strategy for reducing the risk of diabetic foot wounds and their associated complications. Therefore, efforts to increase social support levels for diabetes patients should be considered an integral part of their care regimen
Chronic strains, self-efficacy, and mental health: a cross-sectional study among university students in Bangladesh
Get PDFChronic strains, arise from daily activities, can affect mental healthcare of individuals across various professions, including students. However, how chronic strains affect mental health of students is poorly understood so far for students. We aim to identify the most prevalent chronic strains and examine the effects of chronic strains on mental health conditions adjusted for socio-demographic variables. A total of 393 students were included in the study. They were interviewed through a structured questionnaire between April 6 and May 28, 2023. The outcome variable considered were mental health measured through 14-item questions. The prime explanatory variable was chronic strains. Multivariable linear regressions were used to the relationships of chronic strains, self-efficacy, and socio-demographic characteristics with mental health conditions. We found that 16.7% of participants reported low levels of chronic strains, 66.4% reported moderate levels and 18.3% reported high levels. ‘Tension for future career’ emerged as the most significant source of stress that led chronic strains. Chronic strains and self-efficacy were found to be significant determinants of different mental health conditions. These findings suggest that institutions should focus on improving students’ psychological well-being to mitigate the impact of chronic strains