International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS)
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Interventions to improve resilience in breast cancer patients: a systematic review
Get PDFBreast cancer patients with low resilience may experience adverse psychological outcomes, including stress, anxiety, depression, emotional dysregulation, and difficulties in recovery. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various interventions in improving resilience among breast cancer patients and to provide practical guidance for healthcare practitioners in implementing these interventions. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and PICOS framework, a comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2018-2024. Two independent reviewers screened eligible studies in two stages (title/abstract and full-text). The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. Interventions identified include music therapy, mindfulness, family and social support programs, cognitive behavioral therapy, digital-based interventions, and psychoeducation. Most interventions demonstrated a significant positive impact on patients’ psychological resilience, coping ability, and quality of life. Evidence suggests that resilience-focused interventions can be effectively integrated into supportive care for breast cancer patients. Healthcare practitioners should consider incorporating these strategies to address psychosocial needs. Further studies are recommended to evaluate long-term impacts and cost-effectiveness in diverse settings
Impact of leadership approaches and appraisal practices on hospital workforce and environment
Get PDFHospital appraisal practices can directly impact workforce-based outcomes, including work performance, retention rate, and physical and emotional well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of performance appraisals and leadership approaches on the overall job satisfaction of the workforce in healthcare settings. A descriptive cross-sectional method was employed to collect data from 258 randomly selected health workforce from different private hospitals in Bangalore, India. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the appraisal process, leadership approaches, and sentiments. SPSS version 26 and Python 3.13 were used for statistical analysis. Most of the participants (62.2%) had a good understanding of the performance appraisal process, viewing it as essential for professional growth (95%) and work quality (96.5%). However, 53.8% felt that appraisal requirements were poorly communicated, with 58.9% reporting common unfair practices. Over half of them (56.3%) acknowledged their manager's influence, but only 43.6% expressed moderate satisfaction. This study found that despite the good understanding of the performance appraisal among the study participants, the lack of communication and the unethical work environment contributed to dissatisfaction. Thus, organizations should develop a more transparent, fair, and employee-centric appraisal system to enhance job satisfaction, workforce stability, and overall patient care quality
How genetic determinism and essentialism relate to health care
Get PDFGenetics has become important in various areas of life, especially in healthcare. People can undergo a range of genetic testing to assess their susceptibility to acquiring diseases. Nevertheless, data derived from genetic testing might indicate bias due to genetic determinism and essentialism. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of genetic determinism and essentialism on several aspects of healthcare. This study conducted a systematic review approach using the Scopus database and followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta analysis (PRISMA) search framework. We initially received 802 publications, then reduced to 49 articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then content analysis was conducted. Our research showed that determinist bias and genetic essentialism may reduce patient diagnosis, treatment accuracy, and effectiveness. Moreover, biases related to genetic determinism and essentialism may go against healthcare regulations and cause discrimination and other negative clinical outcomes from ethical, social, and legal aspects. To improve this problem, it is essential for laypeople, particularly medical experts, to understand genetic principles related to the development of variances in traits among individuals in a precise and relatable approach
Pediatric cataracts: Epidemiological, etiological, and clinical profiles in Morocco
Get PDFCataracts are a prevalent eye disease in children, particularly in the congenital form. Its occurrence is the primary cause of avoidable blindness and visual impairment. Our study aimed to assess the epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of infantile cataracts in children from the Marrakech-Safi region. A retrospective study was carried out in the Mohammed VI University Hospital. Data collection, carried out between March 25, 2024, and April 26, 2024, was based on a review of the medical records of sick children aged between 0 and 15 years and having undergone surgery between 2019 and 2023. The findings revealed a high rate of cataract in boys (64.7%), with congenital cataract predominating (57.6%), followed by traumatic cataract (41.1%). In 2021, 81 cases of cataracts were reported, with 51.5% of cases being bilateral. Cataract development (42.4%) was attributed to postnatal and infantile factors, with the remaining 42.7% having an unknown etiological. The study revealed a significant association between cataract type and factors such as gender, age, residence area, age at onset of cataract, consanguinity, and family history. Efficient, high-quality care can prevent cataract complications. This can be achieved by implementing health strategies targeting all levels of prevention
Factors associated with risk scores among stone mortar workers exposed to high noise levels in Lampang province, Thailand
Get PDFNoise pollution is an undesirable phenomenon that affects human health and can lead to occupational hearing loss. This study was to assess associations of risk scores from exposure to noise related to their variables from noise exposure among stone mortar workers who exposed to high noise levels during their work in Lampang, Thailand. The study was conducted between August and September 2023. Data collection involved using standardized questionnaires which were developed by researchers and used scientific instruments for noise measurement. The questionnaires contained items related to population characteristics and work information, knowledge, attitude, and practice for preventing noise exposure, noise exposure measurement, and risk scores from exposure to noise. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze data. The results showed that seven factors significantly associated with risk scores from exposure to noise while performing their work. Apparently, there were four influential variables which included height of workers, ear symptoms, working hour per day, and noise measurement as tested using multiple regression analysis. Therefore, efforts should be made to manage those variables by drafting policies and creating tools for risk prediction to control the influential variables related to risk level from exposure to noise in the working area
Knowledge and practices of nurses regarding prevention of hepatitis B and C viral infection: findings from a single center cross-sectional study in Bangladesh
Get PDFThe study aimed to evaluate the nurses’ levels of knowledge and practices in preventing hepatitis B and C viral infections in tertiary level hospitals. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 119 nurses in tertiary level hospital by simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by face to-face interview with semi-structured questionnaire and analysis involved the frequency distribution tables, bar diagrams, and proportion (z-tests). The analysis revealed that most of the nurses fell within the 25-34 age groups, and predominantly held a diploma in nursing. Analysis indicated that 95.79% demonstrated good knowledge, whereas 70.59% exposed good practices. Proportion tests revealed significant associations between demographic factors and knowledge/practice levels. Higher educated nurses (poor knowledge, good knowledge: 13.0%, 87.0%; p = 0.021) and those in older age groups (poor practice, good practice: 36.8%, 63.2%; p = 0.002) displayed significantly better knowledge and practices. This study highlights good knowledge among nurses concerning the prevention of hepatitis B and C infections; significant variation exists in the application of preventive practices. Training programs are recommended to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice
Do gender, age, and emotional intelligence affect the emotional regulation of adolescents involved in cyberbullying?
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to explore how age, gender, and emotional intelligence impact emotion regulation in adolescents participating in cyberbullying. A cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2023, involving 108 teenagers selected through purposive sampling. Data, gathered through a demographic questionnaire, Revised Cyberbullying Inventory II, and an emotional intelligence questionnaire, were analyzed using descriptive and multiple regression methods. The findings revealed that age, gender, and emotional intelligence collectively influence situation modification, accounting for a 2.52% impact (p-value=0.024). Emotional intelligence demonstrated effects on both situation modification and attentional deployment in individuals playing the roles of victims and perpetrators (p-value=0.018). In the case of adolescents acting as perpetrators, age, gender, and emotional intelligence collectively exhibited significant influence on attention deployment, contributing to a 9.83% impact (p-value=0.01). For adolescents who abstain from participating, the modulation response is simultaneously affected by age, gender, and emotional intelligence (p-value<0.001), resulting in a 4.44% influence. Notably, age, gender, and emotional intelligence were identified as factors influencing emotion regulation at various stages, depending on whether adolescents played the roles of victims, victims-perpetrators, or perpetrators. it is recommended that mental health nurses implement tailored emotion regulation interventions for adolescents involved in cyberbullying
The therapeutic potential of Gua Sha on fascia: evidence and possible mechanisms
Get PDFIn recent years, the effects of Gua Sha on fascia have gradually attracted attention. This review evaluates the effects of Gua Sha on fascia and its underlying mechanisms. We searched major academic databases for relevant studies using the keywords "Gua Sha or scraping," "fascia or pain or inflammation," and "randomized controlled trial (RCT)." Only RCTs published in English were included. Two independent reviewers screened and assessed the methodological quality of the studies using the PEDro scoring scale. After applying the inclusion criteria, nine studies involving 436 participants were included in the final analysis. The methodological quality of the included studies varied, with PEDro scores ranging from 6 to 9. Research results suggest that Gua Sha may help relieve pain, reduce fascial inflammation, and increase flexibility. Potential mechanisms include improved blood and lymph circulation, neuromodulation, and mechanical stimulation. These results highlight the potential of Gua Sha as an alternative treatment for fascia-related problems. Further studies are needed to consolidate these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms
Effectiveness of self-management support program for overweight employees: a quasi-experimental study
Get PDFThis quasi-experimental research examined the effects of self-management support program on knowledge, exercise and eating behaviors, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference among overweight employees in an industry in Samutprakarn Province, Thailand. Seventy overweight employees aged 20-59 years were equally randomly allocated into either the treatment or control group. Thirty-five overweight employees were in each group. In the 16 weeks, the treatment group was intervened through a selfmanagement support program, while the control group received standard care. Research tools consisted of two parts: a self-management support program and questionnaires. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and independent t-tests. The results after 16 weeks of the self-management program showed that its average scores of knowledges, exercise, and eating behavior were higher than the baseline and control group (p<.05) while scores of waist circumferences and BMI were lower than the baseline (p<.05). The findings of this study indicated that the self-management support program had outcomes that not only could improve knowledge, exercise and eating behavior, but also reduce BMI and waist circumference. It is suggested that the self-management support program should be applied in the organization to promote knowledge and modify the health behaviors of overweight employees in other industries
Millet consumption in type 2 diabetics in urban slums of India: a pilot study
Get PDFDiabetes is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, affecting people regardless of their country, age group, or sex. Considering the growing prevalence of diabetes among low socioeconomic groups in developing countries like India, the present study aims to determine the prevalence of millet consumption in urban slums in Pune, India. A pilot cross-sectional study was conducted at a private medical college’s field practice area in Pune from January to March 2024. The study focused on individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A pre-designed, pretested semi-structured paperless questionnaire in the Kobo tool app was used to collect information on socio-demographic information, consumption of millet, and diabetes-related information. A total of 30 type 2 diabetics were interviewed as a pilot study. Of these, 53.57% were females, and 46.43% were males. The prevalence of millet consumption was 93% in type 2 diabetics. Sorghum was the most consumed millet amongst all other millet. Age >50 years, education >10th pass, and non-alcoholics were significantly associated with satisfactory consumption of millet. Diversifying diets with nutritious foods like millet can help reduce health-related burdens, including type 2 diabetes. This is important for policy-making and prioritizing diabetes self-care interventions