International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS)
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Determinants of caregiver burden in community-dwelling caregivers of patients with severe and persistent mental illness
Get PDFLoss of independence due to cognitive and functional ability is the main challenge experienced by individuals with severe mental illness. This study aimed to investigate the associated factors of caregiver burden among caregivers of individuals with severe and persistent mental illness living in the community. We used a cross-sectional design with open-ended questions to determine the contributing factors to caregiver burden. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure caregiver burden and resilience (n=201). Caregiver burden and resilience were operationalized using the caregiver burden inventory scale (CBI) and Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RS), respectively. The findings showed that the caregivers were experiencing a moderate level of caregiver burden (M=30.7, SD=20.3). Caregiving-related stressors are the most important predictor of caregiver burden, explaining 28.3% of the variance in caregiver burden. Finally, the hierarchical analysis found that resilience, caregiver-related stressors, and socio-demographic factors contributed to 52.4% of the variance in caregiver burden. New factors that contributed to the burden, such as lack of support and knowledge deficit, emerged from the qualitative findings. The results highlighted the growing evidence of the role of caregivers' socio-demographic variables, caregiving-related stressors, and resilience to caregiver burden
Exploring omentin-1 gene expression and insulin-resistance modulation in diabetic and obese male albino rats
Get PDFOmentin-1, a cytokine secreted by adipose tissue, plays a role in metabolic regulation and insulin sensitivity. However, there is a lack of understanding about the specific effects of high-intensity training (HIT) in diabetic and obese individuals. The present study investigates the effect of a 5-week HIT program on the omentin-1 gene expression and insulin resistance in diabetic and obese male albino rats. Thirty-two rats weighing between 100-120 grams, were procured and divided into groups: the control group (receiving a normal diet), the high-fat diet group (non-diabetic obese rats), the HIT diabetic group (induced diabetes through streptozotocin administration and subjected to HIT), and the diabetic control group (induced diabetes but not subjected to HIT). The HIT diabetic and HIT obese groups underwent a 5-week HIT protocol, involving treadmill running for 60 minutes at 34 m/min speed, five sessions per week. At the end of the experiment, various parameters including glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, LDL, HDL, TC, TG levels, and omentin-1 gene expression assessed using samples obtained from visceral tissue. SPSS version 25 was used to perform statistical analysis, results as mean±SE. One-way ANOVA identified group differences, with significance level (p-value) of less than 0.05. The findings revealed that omentin-1 gene expression significantly increased in the HIT diabetic group following five weeks of training. Both training groups exhibited reductions in insulin, glucose, and insulin resistance levels. It is concluded that a 5-week HIT program can lead to enhanced omentin-1 gene expression and improved insulin resistance in diabetic and obese male albino rats
Revalidation of the global health questionnaire-12: factor analysis and demographic correlation
Get PDFGlobal health questionnaire-12 (GHQ12) is the most common instrument used to measure mental health. However, the factor structure of the GHQ12 has not been fully explored. This study aims to assess the factorial structure of the GHQ12 and explore demographic factors associated with mental wellbeing in a population of prospective biology teachers in Indonesia. This cross-sectional survey was conducted for two weeks in July 2023 by recruiting 1186 students who were predominantly female (85.92%), over 20 years old (68.79%), only studying without working (90.47%), and third year (33.81%). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to extract and assess the suitability of the resulting models. GHQ12 scores were also reviewed concerning demographic characteristics using comparison tests. Two factors including depression and social dysfunction accounted for 58.78% of the variance. This two-factor model was confirmed to fit the actual data. Additionally, we found differences between men and women on both factors and total scores. In addition, there are differences between students who only study and those who work on depression factors. This study suggests that the factor structure of the GHQ12 is a valid and reliable measurement for evaluating the mental health of prospective biology teachers
The economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physicians/health care work force in Egypt
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic has impacted healthcare workers physically, psychologically, and economically. The industry has struggled financially with the cancellation of elective procedures and hesitancy from patients to seek medical help. Thus, this study aimed to assess the economic and work burden of COVID-19 on the health workforce in Egypt. Methods a cross-sectional survey was conducted in Egypt from October 2020 to May 2021. A purposive sample of 763 healthcare workers (HCWs) from Egyptian governorates was included. HCWs were asked to fill out a self-administered questionnaire on Google Forms and printed copies. The questionnaire link was shared on social media forums. Results a total of 763 HCWs responded. Females were 88.2% and more than half were 33 or less years old. Physicians constituted 42.5%, while paramedics 57.5%. The governmental sector represented 61.2%, private sector 14.7% and those who combined both 24.1%. Regarding specialties affected, pediatricians, dermatologists, and nephrologists reported a considerable drop in their regular private work rate, while radiologists were not affected regarding workload or income by the closure. The HCWs acknowledge that COVID-19 has put extreme stress on the healthcare workforce physically, mentally, and financially in a pre-existing challenging environment. The results can help evidence-based decisions by policymakers in Egypt
The effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation for air traffic controller in Indonesia
Get PDFEvaluation of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) intervention testing is deemed necessary for air traffic controllers as their role in controlling aircraft airways requires high focus with stable physical and mental conditions. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation in improving health status, quality of life, and reducing psychological fatigue in air traffic controllers. A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group design was employed, involving 184 participants separated into intervention and control groups. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the pulse rate, oxygen level, specific diastolic blood pressure, depression, anxiety, quality of life domains 1 and 2, as well as feelings of fatigue before and after progressive muscle relaxation was implemented with p<0.05 but not in control group at the end of the observation. The Mann-Whitney U-Test results indicated that anxiety and pulse rate are variables reduced significantly in the two groups. It can be concluded that the implementation of PMR is effective to improve the health status, quality of life, and reduce psychological fatigue among controller in Indonesia.
Community participation in COVID-19 prevention and control
Get PDFCommunity-based health protocols are essential strategies for prevention and control of COVID-19 and community participation is an essential contribution of communities during the pandemic. This study assessed community participation to COVID-19 prevention and control activities among barangays in a component city in northern Philippines. This descriptive-quantitative research was conducted in six barangays with the least and most COVID-19 cases in 2021. Barangay residents, officials and health workers were surveyed about community participation using five process indicators namely needs assessment, leadership, organization, resource mobilization and management. A high level of community participation towards COVID-19 prevention and control activities was seen in the barangays with leadership having the highest mean (4.23) and resource mobilization having the lowest mean (3.44). Leadership was significantly the same among all barangays while organization, management, needs assessment and resource mobilization significantly differed according to type of barangay, COVID-19 prevalence and population size. The researchers conclude that there is strong community participation of barangays towards COVID-19 prevention and control activities especially along leadership. However, the capacity of barangays to contribute, mobilize and distribute resources must be improved to maximize community prevention and control of COVID-19
Resilience-based interventions for parents of children with cancer: a systematic review
Get PDFChildhood cancer diagnosis and treatment can have a negative impact, not only on the child but also on the parents. the study aims to systematically summarize the effectiveness of resilience-based interventions in parents of children with cancer. A systematic review was conducted on eight studies that met the eligibility criteria. Article searches were conducted using the PICO framework through six databases PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Proquest, WoS, and Clinical Key. The literature search followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Article searches were limited to publication years ranging from 2019 to 2023 using the keywords "resilience" "intervention" and "parents of children with cancer" and only in english. Studies have shown that interventions can improve parental resilience, reduce psychological distress, improve family functioning, and improve quality of life. These interventions also reduce parental hopelessness and improve coping. These outcomes are crucial for parents of cancer children to be resilient and adaptable, enabling them to support their children during treatment and care. The choice of intervention programs and approaches may vary depending on the needs of the parents. Therefore, the results of this literature review can be the basis for determining the approach used in providing nursing interventions aimed at helping parents of cancer children adapt to difficult situations
Obesity and methotrexate treatment failure in rheumatoid arthritis patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia
Get PDFRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease which mainly manifests in the joints. Methotrexate (MTX) is a widely used pharmacological treatment for RA. To date, no prior research has investigated the effect of obesity on MTX treatment outcomes among RA patients in Indonesia. This research aimed to investigate the effect of obesity on MTX monotherapy failure in RA patients. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using medical records from the Rheumatology Clinic at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from March 2017 to December 2021. Descriptive and estimation analyses were performed to assess the sample characteristics based on each variable and a logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between obesity and MTX treatment failure. Out of 72 subjects, the proportion of MTX treatment failure was 57.1% (20/35) among obese patients and 37.8% (14/37) among non-obese patients. Obese subjects exhibited a 2.11-fold increased risk of MTX treatment failure compared to non-obese patients (OR 2.11; 95% CI 0.81-5.45). The number of joints involved was found to emerge as a confounding factor in this study. Our findings suggest that RA patients with obesity potentially have an increased risk of MTX treatment failure compared to non-obese RA patients
The impact of the pandemic on environmental health from the perspective of energy sector
Get PDFThis study reviews the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on environmental health through the energy sector, based on the close relationship between energy, the economy, and the environment. The lockdown policy to contain the spread of the disease has hampered the global economy. Due to the close relationship between energy and the economy, the decline in global economic growth can be easily indicated by the decrease in world energy consumption. However, this study argues that this situation also opens the opportunity of restoring environmental health. Thus, the objective of the study is to find the opportunity and the lesson that can be learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employs a qualitative method that combines descriptive analysis and literature review. It involves a review, processing, and observation of quantitative data (statistics) and qualitative data. This study finds that the pandemic opens opportunities to relieve the environment damaged by fossil-dominated energy consumption to pursue economic growth. However, this study also finds the challenge to overcome and lesson learned. The challenge is the two-way pressure from demand and prices that renewables must face. The lesson to be learned is mainly to reduce the dependency on fossil energy sources, primarily if it is imported. However, on top of that, the government must be able to seize the opportunities to overcome the challenge. Thus, this study is expected to provide an optimistic view of taking advantage of the blessing in disguise of the pandemic to rehabilitate environmental health through the energy sector
The effectiveness of drug prevention programs among children in schools
Get PDFThe problem of discipline and moral decay nowadays in society in Malaysia is very concerning, especially among children and teenagers, as it spreads very fast and keeps being very difficult to deal with. Drug abuse is a big problem that is spreading among the world community and this will have a very bad effect especially the development of human capital. This study aimed to find out the effectiveness of Drug Prevention Programs among children at school. From this Program we want to know the level of awareness, knowledge, skills, and spirituality among children. This study has used quantitative design and is supported by qualitative data. The first phase is a case study that uses the interview with teachers and government anti-drug agency officers who are involved in the implementation of the program. For the second phase of the study, researchers have used the survey method by distributing questionnaires to the recipient subjects, who are primary school students in at-risk states who have been selected to follow the drug prevention program. The results of the survey show that all the indicators of the effectiveness of the participants, namely awareness, knowledge, skills, and spirituality, have a high percentage, with percentage values of 78.0%, 93.4%, 84.2%, and 93.4%. Overall, of the study show that the implementation of the drug prevention program in schools has achieved its objectives, in addition to paying attention to the effectiveness factors as well as the obstacles and weaknesses encountered