Journal of Current Biomedical Reports (J Curr Biomed Rep)
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A retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics of vaccinated COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary Hospital, Northern Iran
Get PDFCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have played a critical role in reducing the severity and complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) infection. While various vaccine types have been administered globally, the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 among vaccinated individuals may differ based on the number of doses received. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the initial clinical characteristics of vaccinated COVID-19 patients. This retrospective descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 594 adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 who had received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Patients were admitted to Razi Hospital in Rasht, Iran, between June 6, 2021 and March 21, 2022. Medical records were reviewed to collect demographic data, vaccination history, and clinical symptoms at admission. Patients were categorized into three groups: one dose, two doses, and three doses (booster). Clinical symptoms and oxygen saturation levels were compared across these groups. Among 594 patients, 30% had received one dose, 55.1% two doses, and 15% three doses of a COVID-19 vaccine. Fever, cough, myalgia, respiratory distress, and anosmia showed significant differences across the groups. The mean oxygen saturation was highest in the two-dose group. No significant differences were observed in comorbidities among the groups. The number of vaccine doses received was associated with differences in several clinical symptoms and oxygen saturation levels among hospitalized patients. These findings suggest a possible dose-related trend in clinical presentation among vaccinated individuals
Relation of proteinuria with severity assessment scores among intensive care unit-admitted patients at a tertiary care hospital in central India
Get PDFProteinuria was an indicator of both glomerular and renal endothelial injury in chronic disease, acute illness or post-surgery. Current study conducted with the aim of monitoring of proteinuria levels and predicting of mortality and morbidity of medical intensive care unit (MICU) admitted patients. Current non-randomized hospital based cross-sectional study conducted in 96 MICU admitted patients. A series of urine samples for measuring protein was taken for quantitative and qualitative measurement on day 1, day 3 and day 5. Severity of MICU admitted patients had been calculated by using APACHE II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. Percent of patients with grade +3 proteinuria were increased from day 1 to 5. Mean APACHE II scores were significantly decreases from day 1 to 5, while mean SOFA scores was non-significantly increases from day 1 to 5. Moreover, mean values of APACHE-II (7.73 %) and SOFA (6.5 %) scores were significantly increasing with rise in levels of proteinuria on day 1, day 3 and day 5 of admission among survivors (P <0.05). However, there was non-significant relationship of APACHE-II and SOFA scores with outcome by comparing values of day 1 and day 3, but proteinuria had significant relationship with outcome on day 3. Proteinuria, APACHE-II and SOFA scores at admission can be used for quantifying degree of dysfunction or failure and triage of patients into risk categories for further management. Highest APACHE-II and SOFA scores can identify critical point at which patient exhibit highest degree of organ dysfunction at MICU stay
Diagnosis of COVID -19 by PCR method from the nasopharyngeal samples of symptomatic domestic cats and dogs
Get PDFThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the acute respiratory syndrome of the coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to its severity and spread, the World Health Organization considered it an epidemic. Coronavirus can infect several species of animals and can spread to people and then spread between them. This study aimed to isolate COVID-19 from the nasopharynx of cats and dogs. This cross-sectional study was conducted over 3 months, spring 2022. Saliva and nasopharynx swab samples were taken from 36 domestic dogs (N=30) and cats (N=6) that were symptomatic (with respiratory and/or digestive symptoms) in the clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Tehran University. Also, a questionnaire specific to the owners of these animals was considered, including questions such as age, sex, history of most recently COVID-19, and clinical symptoms. COVID-19 was detected by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time PCR) method. In this study 7 dog parents (23.3%) were recently infected with COVID-19, of which 4 had contact with their pets. Also, one cat parent had been recently infected and had contact with other pets during his illness. No COVID-19 was isolated from the symptomatic pets, but some clinical symptoms were reported in them; the most common symptoms seen in dogs were digestive and then respiratory ones. In cats, the most involved systems were respiratory and then Gastrointestinal. All saliva and nasopharynx samples were negative. It will require more samples of pets of more individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in future studies. Nevertheless, avoiding close contact should be considered as long as they remain ill, and using face masks and basic health measures should be observed
Comparative effects of pregabalin and nortriptyline on post-burn neuropathic pain
Get PDFThis clinical trial evaluates the effectiveness of nortriptyline and pregabalin in managing chronic pain in burn patients after discharge. Current treatments like acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are insufficient, leading to challenges in rehabilitation. This clinical trial is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of two drugs, nortriptyline and pregabalin, in managing chronic post-burn pain and the frequency of their side effects. This double-blind randomized controlled trial involves burn patients experiencing chronic neuropathic pain after hospital discharge, despite standard treatments like acetaminophen and ibuprofen. These patients report pain types such as burning, electric shock, and stabbing, requiring referral to a specialized pain clinic. Pain intensity is measured using the Persian version of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI-P), where a score of 4 or higher indicates the need for palliative interventions. In this study, 60 patients were treated, 30 with nortriptyline and 30 with pregabalin. The average age was 41.5 years, and the average burn severity was 62%. In the nortriptyline group, the mean pain score decreased from 8.07 to 3.93, while in the pregabalin group, it dropped from 8.07 to 4.47 after treatment. Both groups significantly reduced pain after the intervention (P<0.05). This study shows us that both drugs are effective in reducing neuropathic pain in burn patients and that pregabalin is at least as effective as nortriptyline, and this drug can be a special alternative in cases where side effects such as drowsiness or others cause problems
The Unknown of probiotics: The role of good bacteria in infant health
Get PDFProbiotics are live strains of bacteria that are beneficial to health, especially the digestive system. Intestinal microflora plays an essential role in creating a barrier against colonization of pathogens, facilitating important metabolic functions, stimulating the development of the immune system, and maintaining intestinal motility. Probiotics can be prescribed to supplement intestinal flora and help with digestion, prevention of infectious diseases and even weight maintenance. Some studies showed probiotics help children with digestive problems such as constipation, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and infectious diarrhea. However, other studies show that probiotics do not have such an effect. Because every child has its own individual microbiome. Each person\u27s microbiome is unique, like a fingerprint. Most probiotics contain strains of Lactobacillus, but other types may also be present in the gut. Probiotics can only help a child\u27s health if they contain the right bacteria strains for the child\u27s gut. Otherwise, they may have no effect. Probiotics may help relieve acute constipation, colic, and reflux in healthy infants and children. They may also help prevent secondary infections and diarrhea in children taking antibiotics and help prevent eczema and allergies in some children. Currently, despite the extensive studies on children, there is little information about the effects of probiotics on the physiology of infants or their effectiveness in the face of infant diseases. In addition, there is insufficient safety information about probiotics for infants and this area requires additional studies to clarify the unknowns. Considering these issues, the main objective of this study is to introduce the importance and necessity of conducting additional research regarding the role of probiotics and their related products in the health of infants
Association between physical activity and vitamin D status: A cross-sectional study from the PERSIAN Guilan cohort study
Get PDFA surprisingly high prevalence of vitamin D (vit D) deficiency has recently been reported worldwide. This study investigated the association between vit D status and physical activity in the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IRAN (PERSIAN) cohort study, while also considering the influence of potential confounders. This cross-sectional study has been conducted on 9522 participants aged 35 to 70. The serum vit D concentrations were measured, and participants were divided into three tertiles of low, moderate, and high levels of physical activity according to the metabolic equivalent of task (MET). The cutoff level for vit D deficiency was considered ≤12 ng/ml. The association of vitamin D deficiency with physical activity (PA) was examined using logistic regression analysis. Odds ratio (OR)s were adjusted for vit D supplement use, sociodemographic characteristics, and additional covariates. About 4428 participants were male, and the mean age of participants was 51.46 ± 8.91 years. The prevalence of vit D deficiency was 22.8% and more common in women than men (23.8% vs. 21.7%). The prevalence of vit D deficiency decreased with increasing physical activity (P<0.001). In the adjusted model for vit D supplements and sociodemographic characteristics, the participants with low physical activity had a higher risk of vit D deficiency than participants with high physical activity. According to our findings, vit D deficiency was associated with a reduced frequency of participation in all forms of physical activity
Hospital-acquired infections in autoimmune patients: A 5-year retrospective study from a referral hospital in northern Iran
Get PDFNosocomial infections (NIs) represent a major healthcare challenge, particularly in immunocompromised populations such as patients with autoimmune diseases (AIDs). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and bacterial etiology of NIs in hospitalized AID patients in northern Iran. In this retrospective cross-sectional over a six-year period (2018–2024) a total of 37 patients diagnosed with both autoimmune conditions and hospital-acquired infections were included. The mean age of patients was 54.3 ± 16.9 years, with rheumatoid arthritis being the most common underlying disease. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) were the predominant NI (54.1%), followed by bloodstream (21.6%), respiratory (18.9%), and skin/soft tissue infections (5.4%). Gram-negative bacteria were the leading pathogens, with Klebsiella spp. (40.5%) most frequently isolated. These findings highlight the high prevalence of UTIs and Gram-negative bacterial infections in hospitalized AID patients. The predominance of multidrug-resistant organisms underscores the need for targeted infection prevention strategies and robust antimicrobial stewardship
Association between dairy products and dyslipidemia among the PERSIAN Guilan cohort study population
Get PDFDyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and the role of dairy intake in modulating lipid profiles remains debated. This study aimed to investigate the association between dairy product consumption and dyslipidemia prevalence among adults in the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies (PERSIAN) Guilan Cohort study (PGCS) population. In this cross-sectional analysis, 10,520 adults aged 35–70 years were included. Demographic and lifestyle factors were recorded, and fasting blood samples were analyzed for total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Dyslipidemia was defined as cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL, TG ≥150 mg/dL, LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL, or HDL-C ≤40 mg/dL. Dairy intake was categorized into tertiles. Dietary data were assessed using a validated and reliable Persian Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Overall, 76.4% of participants had dyslipidemia, with 40.3% having hypercholesterolemia, 43.1% hypertriglyceridemia, 29.0% high LDL-C, and 41.5% low HDL-C. Dyslipidemia prevalence showed a non-significant increasing trend with higher dairy intake (P=0.056). No significant trends were found for hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, or high LDL-C. A significant inverse trend was observed between dairy intake and low HDL-C in men (P=0.026); however, this association lost significance after multivariable adjustment (aOR=0.87; 95%CI: 0.73–1.02; P=0.093). This study revealed prevalent dyslipidemia across lipid profiles. Dairy intake showed a non-significant association with overall dyslipidemia and no associations with specific lipid abnormalities. A transient protective trend against low HDL-C in men disappeared post-adjustment, supporting no conclusive link between dairy consumption and dyslipidemia risk
Antimicrobial peptide-infused hydrogels: Bridging infection defense and wound regeneration
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Frequency of pericardial effusion on COVID-19 patients in Rasht, Iran
Get PDFPericardial involvement is a rare extra-pulmonary manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to determine the frequency of pericardial effusion (PE) on patients with COVID-19. In this cross-sectional study, 582 patients with COVID-19 were investigated between March and May, 2020. Using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), patterns of pulmonary involvement and existence of PE were evaluated by a team including a radiologist, an emergency medicine specialist and a cardiologist. Other information such as laboratory tests, clinical symptoms, underlying comorbidities and a history of contact with COVID-19 patients was extracted from the patient’s records. A total of 582 COVID-19 cases were investigated, of which 350 (60.14%) cases were women and 232 (39.86%) cases were men. Mean age of patients was 60.38±16.12 years. The most common symptoms were cough (58.93%), myalgia (52.74%), sweating (49.31%) and fever (44.32%). Among 582 COVID-19 patients, 2.7% (16 cases) had PE (95% CI; -4.5-1.6). Furthermore, 81% of the patients had mild PE (95% CI; 1.57-3.89). Also, 92% of the patients with PE had underlying comorbidities. By comparison, 74.5% of the patients without PE had comorbidities (P=0.047). There was no significant difference in the pattern of pulmonary involvement between the patients with PE and without PE (P>0.05). Prevalence of PE in COVID-19 patients is low. Underlying comorbidities, respectively, HTN and DM and ischemic heart diseases play an important role in occurrence of PE in COVID-19 patients. Our study revealed that it is not necessary for all patients to undergo an echocardiography