Reviews of Management Sciences (RMS)
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Financial Literacy and Demographic Factors in Karachi City of Pakistan
No full textConsidering the vigorously dynamic fluctuations in the monetary condition, particularly in financial/budgetary markets, it is urged to improve speculators’ money managing knowledge. Financial proficiency involves making well aware and efficient financial choices. The present examination explores the socio-economic factors defining Pakistani investors’ financial literacy and effects of financial literacy on stock market investment decision. A (questionnaire) survey was developed based on 3 sections: The primary section included the measuring of demographic characteristics of respondents, the secondary was based on measuring financial literacy of respondents, whereas the last section was dedicated to measuring stock market investment decision of respondents.
Purpose – The motivation behind this study is to evaluate the financial proficiency of individual speculators/investors of the Karachi city of Pakistan who put resources into the Pakistan stock exchange, local financial market in Karachi. Likewise, it inspects the connection between financial education and the participation of the socio-economic-demographic components which influence the investment choice.
Design/methodology/approach – we articulated a modified questionnaire for our investigation, separated into three sections. The first part of which was dedicated to statistics of demographic factors. The subsequent part highlights factors influencing the speculation choice of the Pakistani speculators. The last section is committed to financial literacy utilizing examination-type, true and false, questions and incorporates 10 questions. Convenient sample of 231 of Pakistani national financial specialists/investors is utilized for this purpose.
Findings – The outcomes show that the financial literacy of Pakistani speculators’ is relatively higher than the average expected level. The financial education seen to be influenced by salary, sex, and employment status and work place activity. financial education exists paying little heed to the age of the respondents. We observed a “significant difference in the level of financial literacy between groups of respondents as per their sexual orientation. More specifically, females have a lower level of financial education than males. At last, the outcomes show that there is a significant relationship between financial literacy and investment decision. Results likewise show that respondents with higher financial literacy have higher stock holding as compared with those with low financial literacy.”
Originality/value – The present examination is viewed as significant and unique being one amongst the very few conducted in Pakistan\u27s situation and Pakistani context. As far as we possibly know, no such examinations have been led with respect to estimating financial literacy in Pakistan or the connection between financial literacy level and the variables that influence the investment choices
BRAND MESSAGE VS BRAND PERCEPTION
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In today’s fast moving business world, where information has become readily available and consumers have become socially aware, brands have had to regularly keep themselves updated and relevant to the consumers to be able to remain competitive. Brands often claim certain attributes as their USPs which tries to set them apart from their competition. However, in some situation those attributes have not directly translated in the minds of the consumers. The objective of this research is to try to determine the reason behind the disconnect between the brand message and the perception that consumers hold and to suggest ways on how to diminish that gap. Through this study we have tried to answer the following questions:
How is a brand message created?
What drives a consumer’s perception about a brand?
How to understand the disconnect between the message and the brand?
How to decrease this gap?
Methodology:
The methodology to be used is mixed (open and closed ended) questionnaires to be distributed amongst two groups of interest. The first group is brand managers and marketing managers from a selective few brands. The second group is students of business management who have a basic understanding of market.
Findings:
Our study shows that even though brand managers do try to go for creating trust and synergy with the consumer in order to further their brand, they emphasize more on their market orientation, positioning and pricing. Some of the brand managers keyed satisfaction and trust of the consumer on their brand as an important element. With the findings of our research, we are in a position to state this firmly that in local market comprising of highly diversified brands portfolio, the spectrum of consumer preference is highly unpredictable.
Conclusion:
In order to get better and efficient results of marketing efforts that a brand owner undergo for stated intended outcomes, it is of utmost importance to clearly communicate the intended message without any ambiguities to the target audience. Brand owners have a large set of strategic tools to create a profound impact, utilizing these to the optimal level may result in intended and desired better performance of the brand
The Impact of Seasonal Anomalies on MSCI’s Selected Economies’ Stock Index Returns
Get PDFPurpose: This article explores the effect on four developing Asian financial markets on the day of this week (volatility).
Methodology: Regular market return data are gathered in their specific index from MSCI\u27s selected economies, such as China, India, Malaysia and Pakistan. Yahoo\u27s financial platform gathered index info. The selected sampling duration is between 2 May 2013 and 29 November 2017. The observational study was undertaken and the findings were concluded by the usage of a regression model to analyze day of consequence and the GARCH model to monitor conditional variance.
Findings: These findings suggest that all stock returns and volatility are substantially impacted by the day of the week in three nations, but both the return and the volatility result in each of the four cases are not similar. An investor may make abnormal gains by betting on a previously accessible information-based approach and investors may obtain invaluable insights into investment decisions.
Conclusion: If investors are conscious of this, they will adjust their investments in view of these shifts in stock returns.
 
CORRUPTION AND ITS IMPACT ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN NIGERIA
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Emerging empirical literatures on corruption advocates that its impact on overall national economic performance and micro-level firm performance is inconclusive. As such corruption is said to either ‘grease’ or ‘sand’ in the wheels of entrepreneurship, affecting firm performance (at the micro-level) and, ultimately, economic growth (at the macro-level). This study examines this issue using unique and exceptionally rich indexes of Corruption Perception Index (CPI) as a proxy for Corruption and Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) as a proxy for Entrepreneurship.
Design/Methodology/Approach:
Review of the relevant academic literature and regression analysis was employed.
Findings:
From the result of analysis, since GEI assigns the highest scores to countries most favorable to entrepreneurship while the CPI gives its highest scores to countries perceived to be the least corrupt. Thus, a negative correlation suggests that the most corrupt countries have the strongest entrepreneurial ecosystems. Thus, it reveals that there exists an inverse relationship between corruption and entrepreneurship in Nigeria during the quarterly period of the study. Thus, depicting that corruption “grease the wheels of entrepreneurship”.
Implications/Originality/Value:
The contribution offers a comprehensive impact of the corruption on entrepreneurship development in Nigeria by employing a quarterly data for the period of 2012 to 2020 on entrepreneurship development in Nigeria and hints at promising areas of future research.
Research limitations:
The study employs only secondary data to access the impact of corruption on entrepreneurship in Nigeria for only the quarterly periods of 2012 to 2020 due to data availability
Factor Affecting Behavioral Intentions Towards Private Brand
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The aim of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the purchase intention towards private brands in Karachi.
Methodology:
This study is quantitative in nature and a questionnaire was used as a research tool to gather data and SPSS is used for data analysis. The sampling technique that was used for this research was non-probability convenience sampling. Research primary data was gathered by adopting a survey method in the form of a questionnaire that was designed using Google Docs. It was then used to administer 400 respondents. The survey consisted of 31 structured questions that were based on 5 points Likert scale.
Findings:
Results suggest that perceived price, quality, and packaging are fundamental factors that influence the purchase intention of purchasers for private brands in Pakistan.
Conclusion:
The study concludes that storekeepers in Pakistan should concentrate on delivering excellent store brands at fair prices in order to increase their profits from private brands. Store owners can also formulate methodologies based on this research in order to make their current private brands successful.
 
Factor Affecting Mobile Banking Adaptation In Pakistan
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The purpose of this paper is to study the important factors which help explain consumer intention and use behavior in mobile banking adoption
Methodology:
A questionnaire was utilized to evaluate customer responses on a five-point Likert scale. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect data from a sample of 452 respondents in Pakistan. The data were analyzed using SPSS for Cronbach’s alpha and Regression.
Findings:
The results of the study show that most of the predictors of the intention, including perceived value, performance expectancy, habit, social influence, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation (except for facilitating condition), perceived risk, and trust, are significant. All predictors of usage behavior are significant.
Conclusion:
The findings of this paper are not only interesting in terms of boosting mobile banking diffusion rate, but also in terms of financial inclusion of the vast majority of mobile users. Further, the impact of the intention, facilitating condition, and habit was checked on actual use behavior since people tend not always to act upon their intentions.  
E-Commerce: The Mantra of Urban Centers
Get PDFThe research done in this paper is done to analyze the effects of different variables on Customer’s loyalty in the e-commerce business. As the act of shopping is digitalized and more and more stores shift their business towards online shopping, the e-commerce industry thrives. The intricacies of the business in the e-commerce sector depend on a plethora of variables, and we have analyzed the effects of some on each other. Much of the business in the ecommerce sector depends on the actions and preferences of the customer. That being said, the following encircles a customer’s satisfaction as the main factor, across which multiple hypothesis are made and later on proved as well using different software and research techniques. Other factors are e-commerce security and expectations. There are a number of limitations in this research that leaves some grey area for it to be explored further. These limitations are defined at the end of the research and all the enhancements are proposed as well
Impact of Social Media and Television Advertising on Consumers’ Purchase Intention- A Study on Clothing Brands of Pakistan
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This research study is being conducted with the aim of understanding the impact of two most powerful media tools i.e. Television & Social Media, on the purchase intention of Female consumers in Pakistan. The research primarily concerns the clothing brands and to understand the influence of advertising and its impact by gaining the consumer insights from Target Audience.
Methodology:
For data collection, pre-established constructs have been adopted from published study with reliabilities and distributed among 200 respondents using convenience (non-probability) sampling technique. The constructs used are tested through descriptive analysis, carried out on SPSS. Further the output related to the impact of these factors has been analyzed through Simple Linear Regression Analysis. Significance of the Hypotheses has been tested by using F-test.
Findings:
The results of the study indicate that both social media and Television advertising have a significant positive impact on consumers’ Purchase Intention, however the findings specify that social media has greater impact in comparison to that of TV.
Conclusion:
This study aims at gathering consumer insights on impact of advertising, rather than looking at it through marketers’ perspective. This will help the marketers’ and Clothing brands in Pakistan to improvise their advertising plans by keeping in view the perception of consumers towards advertising. Also, it will contribute towards the development of favorable marketing strategies; such that cater to the needs of the customers and leads to the creation of brand experience that supersedes the expectations of their clients Moreover, the study can be taken further, by checking the impact of other media tools and including both genders in the population.
 
Impact of Social Networking Sites on Academic Performance of University Students: A Quantitative Analysis
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The aim of this research study is to examine the possible impact of social networking sites on the academic performance of university students. The rationale behind the study is to find out whether the daily exposure of the students to social networking sites has an effect on their academic performance. The researcher tries to find out the answers to research questions. 1. Most used social networking sites by students and purpose of using social networking sites, 2. How much time students spend on their studies? 3. How much time students spend on social networking sites? The research study also tests a hypothesis that social networking site usage has a significant impact on the academic performance of students.
Methodology:
The researcher uses a quantitative study design to conduct the research. A sample comprised of hundred students has been selected by means of convenience sampling from a private sector university of Karachi to study the phenomenon. Data has been collected through a detailed structured questionnaire and analyzed by using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS V 17.0).
Findings:
Findings also show that exposure to social media has an effect on the students as they found to be more engaged in social networking instead of spending time on studies.
Conclusion:
This paper recommends that students should pay more attention to studies, limit their use of social networking and use it more for educational purposes
Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance: Evidence from the Banking Sector of Istanbul
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This research seeks to explain the association between Job Satisfaction facets and Employee Performance in the banking sector of Istanbul.
Methodology:
To measure job satisfaction, we used 6 variables, these include Compensation, Coworkers’ Attitude, Nature of Work, Supervisor’s Support, Promotional Opportunities, and Communication. Whereas, Employee Performance has been used as the dependent variable in this research study. Two separate instruments were used for measuring the variables used in the study. In this regard, 350 sets of questionnaires were distributed to the employees of Istanbul’s banking sector and their supervisors. 306 useable sets of questionnaires were received and were used for the study. The statistical techniques that were used are the Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis.
Findings:
Results indicate that job satisfaction facets namely promotional opportunities, nature of work, co-workers’ attitude, compensation, supervisor’s support, and communication have a significant association with employee performance.
Conclusion:
This study concludes that job satisfaction is a multi-facet construct. Furthermore, these facets are found to be related to employee performance. Hence, managers in the banking sector of Istanbul should focus on enhancing the level of job satisfaction for increasing employee performance