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Survey of Claviceps purpurea and Fusarium Toxins in Spring Wheat and Fungicide Efficacy on Ergot Sclerotia, Alkaloid Content, and Saprophytic Fusarium Associated Toxins
Get PDFFusarium head blight (FHB) and ergot of the claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. have adverse effects on grain quality and human and animal health. Each year, Hard Red Spring (HRS) wheat samples are collected at harvest to survey the end use quality. HRS-wheat survey samples (n= 207) were obtained from four growing states (ND, SD, MN, and MT) during 2019 and 2020. Grading and non-grading factors and the presence of Deoxynivalenol (DON) and ergot alkaloids (EAs) were determined, naturally occurring mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species and C. purpurea, respectively.
Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was utilized for DON content and Reveal Q+Max test for total EAs. The mean DON contents during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons were 1.5 ppm and 0.6 ppm, respectively. The mean for total EAs contents in 2019 and 2020 were 81.5 ppb and 180.5 ppb, respectively. Both toxins showed location had significant (P?0.05) effect on variations within one individual year. Deoxynivalenol and EAs shared positive and significant correlations with total defects (0.257, P<0.001) and (0.162, P<0.05), respectively.
In the field experiment, four fungicides (Sphaerex, Miravis Ace, Quilt, and Priaxor) were applied on a confidential HRS wheat cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS-HRS wheat) line. After separating the ergot sclerotia samples from other contents, they were evaluated for naturally occurring saprophytic Fusarium toxins and EAs. The mean value for DON content in Miravis Ace (0.07 ppm) sample was significantly (P?0.05) less than the mean value for the non-treated control and Priaxor samples (0.24 and 0.21ppm, respectively). Ergot body weight was significantly (P?0.05) higher for the non-treated control compared to other treatments. Among fungicides, ergot body weight was significantly lower in Miravis Ace samples (39.57 g) compared to Quilt (55.83 g), Priaxor (55.04 g), and Sphaerex (54.82 g) treated samples. Total EAs in Priaxor (244,840 ppb) samples was significantly (P?0.05) less than the mean values found in Sphaerex and Quilt samples (359,485 ppb and 352,375 ppb, respectively). Priaxor could be a potential fungicide to control ergot body weight and total EAs production. Future studies are needed to test more fungicides? effectiveness to reduce ergot body and total EAs production
Zero-Trust Architecture and Its Cost-Effectiveness on Network Security
Get PDFZero-Trust Architecture (ZTA) is a ?Never Trust, Always Verify? concept to improve cybersecurity by eliminating trust and validating network requests continuously. ZTA replaces Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) and provides solitary access to applications and data. The growth of ZTA has spiked over the years, but organizations are reluctant to invest in this security approach. Previous studies cover ways to implement ZTA, its significance, and challenges but provide limited information on available tools, prices, and the success rate of ZTA. This research shows the implementation of ZTA causes a reduction of $684K on average in risk impact over four years for small to medium-sized organizations. Organizations lack information on the quantitative evaluations of ZTA benefits and drawbacks. An in-depth analysis of ZTA to help security researchers better understand the costs and benefits of employing ZTA as a defense against cyber attacks is provided in this work
Growing Green Finland: A Short-Term Study Abroad Program With a Sociological Focus
Get PDFThis paper is an example of theory-based practice in the field of international education through program and course design. Environmental sociology will be the focus of the class readings, discussions, and course work as well as on-ground programming. This topic ties specifically to the on-ground programming in Finland. Students will take the knowledge learned in the course surrounding sustainability, wellbeing practices, and sociology and learn more about these topics through immersion and community interaction. Through specific course design, students will not only learn about environmental sociology, but will have continuous learning experiences through course work, excursions, reflection, peer-to-peer learning, and first-hand experience. This paper also outlines two of the most prominent theories often used when developing short-term study abroad programs: transformative learning and experiential learning theories. These are educational theories that lay a theoretical foundation for how learning occurs in short-term abroad programming
Skin Cancer Screening: Implementation of Dermoscopy in Rural Primary Care
Get PDFSkin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States and worldwide, and rates continue to rise (American Academy of Dermatology Association [AAD], 2020; Skin Cancer Foundation [SCF], 2020). Although there is disagreement about the reasons why, rural areas are more dramatically affected by skin cancer morbidity and mortality than their urban counterparts (Cunningham et al., 2019). Early detection of all skin cancers, especially melanoma, can improve morbidity and mortality rates (Hubner et al., 2018; Kricker et al., 2014).
Secondary prevention strategies, such as naked eye skin examinations and dermsocopy, are critical in monitoring and identifying suspicious skin lesions. The results of naked eye examinations are often inconsistent because of varying clinician competence, confidence level, and time. When performed correctly and in adjunct with the naked eye examination, dermoscopy is more sensitive and specific at classifying skin lesions than naked eye examinations alone and use could help lead to the earlier diagnosis of cancerous skin lesions (Chappuis et al., 2016). However, many primary care clinicians do not have the skills or resources to use dermoscopy effectively.
Dermoscopy training programs have increased skin lesion diagnostic accuracy and confidence among primary care clinicians, even in as little as a one-day seminar (Augustsson & Paoli, 2019). Because of this, an education seminar was implemented at a federally funded institution that provides primary care to rural residents of eastern North Dakota, western Minnesota, and northeastern South Dakota. The purpose of this practice improvement project was to improve overall care quality and skin cancer survival rates in rural areas through early and accurate detection by educating primary care clinicians on the use of dermoscopy.
Pre- and post-implementation surveys were used to compare clinician knowledge of skin cancer, dermoscopy algorithms, opinions on the usefulness of dermoscopy, and comfortability with the practice of dermoscopy. Following the educational seminar, a three-month implementation period provided time for providers to implement their knowledge and dermoscopy skills in practice. Results of the surveys showed an increase in clinician comfortability and knowledge regarding dermoscopy use after the education seminar as opposed to before
Interactive Learning Architecture
Get PDFThe experiences in the formative years of a child?s life can
greatly impact their lives as adults. It is becoming more and
more evident that children learn and adapt best when they
are in an interactive learning environment. There needs to
be an emphasis placed on imagination and play rather than
an emphasis placed on ?meeting the requirements? through
testing and memorization.
This thesis will examine the issues at hand involving
development in young children and how an exploration of a
more interactive learning environment through architecture
can benefit children in their early stages of life. To achieve
this, research will be conducted on what type of design
promotes interactive behavior and how to design spaces that
convey a learning environment and/or a connection to nature.
This research will then be applied to the design of a children?s
museum that will serve the Fargo/Moorhead community
The Machine of Pataphysics: Reimagining the Relationship Between Humanity & Technology
Get PDFIn our world there are two things that can be seen as obvious ways that humanity could end. First is that of climate change which we hear about and attempt to deal with all the time. Second, and perhaps less obvious, is the threat of technology replacing us or limiting us to a point where we are no longer human. This modern issue is drastically different from premodern uses of technology driven by analogical connections that helped to discover the universe around us. Following the rise of modern science, technology today is instead tied to productivity and is increasingly used as an efficient way to control the world, including us. The part that has changed most is not as much the technology but the way we use it and how this affects the understanding of ourselves. To mediate such changes, this thesis looks to Alfred Jarry?s pataphysics to redefine the way that humanity interacts with technology, to help break us free from the current limitations we have placed on ourselves. It explores a world where machines might help us come together and create connections instead of isolating us for productivity and profit
The Accessible Masterpiece
Get PDFAmazing artwork is located all around the world. However, there are barriers to accessibility: the locality, cost, and the ability to travel to see various pieces by renowned artists. Even if someone has a museum near them, they may lack the funds to visit. Museums? content should serve the community; the decision made to determine its contents should not be influenced by outside investments. Private investors and collectors have had influence over the content of museums.
Giving the museum back to the people can help create an equal playing field among different cultures, media, and artist intentions. Being exposed to diverse contexts allows for a full breadth of learning and understanding. Publicly funded museums need to present artwork from diverse contexts for cultural education and appreciation.
A growing interest in the art community, in a city such as Fargo offers a unique opportunity to introduce a diverse collection of influential art to the viewer. To this end, I am proposing the creation of an art museum to provide comprehensive insight and education on an artist's career and technique, introducing new content each month. I want to showcase a different artist from varying art movements to allow the public access to a diverse knowledge of art and the art community. The viewer will receive an immersive digital experience and a technologically rendered physical representation of artworks through modern technology and a rotating physical gallery featuring local artists
Walker Reimagined
Get PDFTourism has the unique opportunity to support and
create a thriving community in locations across the world
that would otherwise be small and sleepy. But what are
the impacts of tourism on the local communities of those
towns; there are the obvious financial benefits to tourism
but how does the fluctuation of tourist throughout the year
impact the social and cultural health of the local community.
When focusing on catering to a transient community, what
becomes of a town?s identity? A town has much more to its
story then the expensive boutiques and tourist destinations;
there is the story and lives of those that call those towns
home.
Through my thesis I would like to evaluate how small
towns can reconnect with its? identity and history to create a
safe space for tourist and residents alike
Community Bridge
Get PDFThe traumatizing effects of homelessness on families can have long lasting consequences,
especially for children who often miss considerable amounts of school due
to their newly disrupted life. Without a solid education, these children may struggle
in the future to secure stable jobs which then places them at risk of entering back into
homelessness. Additionally, homelessness in the United States comes with an attached
stigma of being lazy, amoral, or even delinquent, so for parents or single mothers, the
shame of being homeless can prevent them from seeking assistance and creates a barrier
between them and the surrounding community. This project seeks to explore and
develop strategies that facilitate the creation of a dignified living situation as a means of
breaking down the barrier of homelessness by dismantling preconceived perceptions
of homelessness
The Two Sides of Otherness: A Cross-Cultural Regeneration of Reality
Get PDFIn our current context, ?identity? often stands as an edge where one being ends
and the next begins; simultaneously separating and unifying. Yet, this inherent
overlapping between self and other continues to be threatened by ideological
and homogenizing narratives; either as a force of assimilation or division.
Among the many affected areas around the world is the Korean Demilitarized
Zone, the Russo-Ukrainian Border, and the Carlisle Pennsylvania Indian
Cemetery, in which hostile situations pose a unique yet difficult edge condition
that might be mediated by empathetic imagination instigated by architecture.
Responding to each situation, we examine how architecture might act as an
archive for deeper understanding and exchange in an attempt to mediate new
realities. Philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty confirms this method through
his concept of ?flesh?, which examines the relationship between oneself
and the Other as ?reversible,? wherein edges become folds in order to gain
a deeper interpersonal, intercultural and intersubjective understanding of the
Other ourselves