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Report on the International Mother Language Day Forum: My Mother Tongue Amidst the Languages I Speak
Full text linkReport on the Linguapax Asia 2018 International Symposium : Bilingualism Now ? The Imperative Issues in Bilingualism and Bilingual Education
Full text linkThis paper reports on the proceedings of the Linguapax Asia 2018 international symposium on the theme of Bilingualism Now: The Imperative Issues in Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. The symposium was held at Tsukuba University (Japan), on June 23rd, 2018.
??????????????????Linguapax Asia??????????????????????????????????????????????2018?6?23???????????????????????
Full text linkMigrations were one of the crucial economic and social questions of the period of the last two centuries in Slovenia. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the emigration and immigration flows were in strong correlation with the changing cultural, social and economic context in Slovenia, as at the international level. Slovenia became a multi-ethnic and multicultural society. Migrations were the spontaneous answer of inhabitants to rural overpopulation and the lack of economic and social prospects, lack of opportunities for improving their lives not only in the short term, but from the long-term perspective as well. Migrations were a useful tool to balance the number of population and available income on a macroeconomic level. The author presents three contexts of migration movements: the time up until World War I, the Interwar period and the time after World War II. Each of these periods represents a different context in the national and international framework. The contexts of emigration include three measurable categories, three variables determining the extent of migrations in the Slovenian space. Thus, the contexts include rural overpopulation, industrialization and urbanization. Migrations changed their form and direction in the second half of the twentieth century when Slovenia, with accelerated economic growth, became an immigration country, prevailingly for the people from the territory of the former Yugoslav republics.
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Invisible Bilingual and Bicultural Groups in Japan
Full text linkJapanese returnees and Coda (Hearing Children of Deaf adults) are bilingual and bicultural groups, yet invisible in Japanese society. Both groups have experienced marginalization from their peers in Japan due to their language use and bicultural identity. Coda and returnees alike are shown to be seeking an identity that they can reconcile with their cultural context in Japan. This joint paper aims to develop the concepts of bilingualism and biculturalism by sharing the experiences of these unique minority groups in Japan.
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Full text linkThis paper explores the translation in Japanese of grammatical gender (masculine, feminine, neutral) stemming from the Dutch language. It took almost a century (1750-1850) for Japanese specialists in Dutch studies to understand grammatical gender. Once this grammatical category was understood, the next step was to transfer such category to the Japanese language. Genders were assimilated to the cultural concepts of yin and yang. From this first semantic classification emerged the grammatical gender category with the discovery of Dutch grammars and literal transposition of Dutch terminology. These two stages can also be found in Greece (from the fifth century BC to the second century AD) during the slow emergence of the grammatical gender in Ancient Greece and the Greek language. Indeed, the Sophists led the foundation of a semantic noun classification from which a morphological category was invented by grammarians. This convergence may lead to the hypothesis of two ordered steps in other cases of emerging grammatical categories, i.e. a semantic step followed by a grammatical stage.??????18 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1 ???1750-1850?????????????????? 2 ??????????????????? masculine gender ? feminine gender ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 7 ???????? 5 ?? 2 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Maintaining Identity and Rights of National Minorities: Visibility, Linguistic Landscape of the Slovene Minority in Carinthia
Full text linkThis paper deals with the visibility of the autochthonous Slovene minority in Carinthia as one of the crucial factors contributing towards maintaining its identity in the territory of its traditional settlement. The paper focuses on the language of a subset of public signs, i.e., topographical signs, erected by the regional government; a controversial issue that has been exploited for political reasons. In order to elucidate the motivations for this controversy the legal framework concerning national minorities, Article 7 of the Austrian State Treaty being central to it, is examined. Further, the resulting solution of the topographical signs dispute is examined in the light of other areas concerning minority rights as reported in Opinions and Reports under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (FCPNM). Following on, section 2 provides a brief historical background, section 3 presents the findings of FCPNM reports concerning the implementation of bilingual topographical signs, as well as comparing the trends with minority demography and minority policies regarding media and education. Section 4 discusses the issues from section 3, leading to the conclusion in section 5, that the chronic passivity of central authorities regarding obligations based on international treaties, combined with active anti-minority policies supported by the local German-speaking majority, lead to accelerating language and identity shift and thus assimilation of the Slovene minority.??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 7 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????<Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (FCPNM)> ??????????????????????????????????????? 2 ????????????????????? 3 ??????????????????? FCPNM ????????? 4 ???? 3 ??????????????????? 5 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????