Journal of Educational Research in Developing Areas
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State agencies and stakeholders' views on strategies of curbing domestic violence in Bungoma county, Kenya
Get PDFIntroduction: Domestic violence (DV) has been on the rise in Bungoma County, costing the lives of many. The violence spilled over to the schools, which triggered the state agencies and stakeholders to establish strategies to curb domestic violence.
Purpose: The study was set up to investigate strategies to curb domestic violence in Bungoma County, Kenya. Establish a solution to the menace which was developing into a circle of abuse.
Methodology: Descriptive survey design was employed. The target population was 160,000 Forms 1 to 4 students, 400 head teachers and 400 guidance and counseling teachers. The study also targeted 1,125 parents registered as social groups within the Ministry of Social Services in Bungoma County. The study sampled 576 students randomly, purposively sampled 36 principles and 36 guiding and counseling teachers. Then two members (male & female) from the registered social groups were purposively sampled from the nine sub-counties. The instruments used for data collection were open and closed-ended structured questionnaires for the students, interview schedule for the principals and guiding and counseling teachers, and focus group discussion for the parents.
Results: The study established that as much as the highest (90%) of the respondents recommended police punishment for the perpetrators' other studies opined that it was not the best option. Hence the study settled on the second option of having open forums to sensitize people on the dangers of domestic violence.
Recommendations: The study recommended more emphasis on the establishment of practical strategies to eradicate poverty, which was exposed as one of the leading factors in domestic violence. Second, the public's awareness of the various dangers of DV should be increased. Thirdly to encourage the religious institutions to stress and facilitate the moral ethos to the people
Self-esteem, family connectedness and social skills on academic performance of students with hearing impairment in Ibadan, Nigeria
Get PDFIntroduction: Extant and indigenous literature have shown that students with hearing impairment are found to be below their hearing counterparts in the area of academic and their poor academic performance most times, it is traced to lack of communication, paying little or no attention to other factors.
Purpose: This study therefore investigated factors such as self-esteem, family connectedness and social skills as determinants of academic performance of students with hearing impairment in Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria.
Design: Descriptive survey research design was adopted in the study. A total of fifty two students with hearing impairment were selected through simple random sampling technique for the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select three integrated schools in Ibadan. Four instruments were validated and used to collect relevant data. Three research questions were raised to guide the study. Data collected were subjected to a descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The study found that there was positive multiple correlation (R = 0.572) among self-esteem, social skills deficits and family connectedness on academic performance. All these factors in this order of magnitude: family connectedness (r = 0.426, p <0.05); self-esteem (r = 0.419, p< 0.05), and social skills deficits (r = 0.138, p< 0.05) predicted academic performance of students with hearing impairment.
Recommendations: It was therefore recommended that school counselors should provide direct service to parents, classroom teachers, school community and students with hearing impairment on the roles these factors play on the academic performance of students with hearing impairment
Disability act of 2019: A riposte for inclusion of persons with special needs in Nigeria
Get PDFIntroduction: The unfriendly relationship between society and individuals with special needs have been debated several times. The term "inclusion" resurfaces at the end of symposium and meetings as resolution to that by the conveners with a belief that such might end the negative attitudes towards individuals with special needs within the society.
Purpose: This review was to add to the non available literature for the use of researchers, students, policy makers and lovers of persons with special needs who would like to seek for literature to discuss the new disability act in Nigeria
Findings: The paper reviewed the intangible sense of inclusion and discussed the roles of the new disability act would play towards making the participation, engagement and involvement of individuals with special needs in the development of the nation for nation building.
Recommendations: The paper recommended among others; considerable monetary allocation and disbursement for its execution; urgent, massive recruitment of the required personnel; collaboration and partnership between administrators and the authorities in the field of special needs education to be set up, and that government should embark on considerable infrastructures and equipping of schools, hospitals, and economic institutions
Personal factors as predictors of academic resilience among public secondary school students in Turkana county, Kenya
Get PDFIntroduction: Students from Turkana County compete for the same education benefits as those in the least marginalized counties with some succeeding and thriving. It is necessary to establish the factors that promote academic resilience hence the investigation of personal factors that promote academic resilience.
Purpose: This study was an investigation of the relationship between personal factors and academic resilience among public secondary school students in Turkana County.
Methodology: This study’s philosophical underpinning was pragmatism. It employed a mixed methods approach using the concurrent triangulation design analysis. The instruments of data collection tools were questionnaires and interview schedules. The sample size consisted of 382 students who responded to questionnaires, and 10 teachers and 10 students for the interview schedules. For the questionnaires, the Cronbach Alpha Coefficient overall output was .845. The content, construct and criterion-related validity were also established. Similarly, the trustworthiness and authenticity of the qualitative data was established.
Results: The study found out that that there was a statistically significant strong positive correlation (r= .712, n=378, P> .05) between personal factors and academic resilience. Sense of meaning and purpose had the strongest associations with academic resilience, followed by autonomy and sense of self (r=0.599, P<0.05), and then social competence (r=0.544, P<0.05). Further, indicators of personal factors explain 51.0% of the variation in academic resilience
Recommendations: The study recommended that both parents and teachers should play an active role to support students to develop and increase social competence, autonomy, and sense of self, meaning, and purpose in their lives, and nurture positive relationships to enhance academic resilience
Analysis of item writing flaws (IWFs) evident in objective formats examination questions in federal college of education (technical) Asaba, Nigeria
Get PDFPurpose: The purpose of this study was to ascertain IWFs contained in objective formats examination questions for assessment of students in the Nigeria Certificate in Education (NCE) programme in 2016/2017, 2017/2018 and first semester 2018/2019 academic sessions.
Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted which enabled the researchers to estimate prevalence (number of cases) of IWFs associated with objective questions constructed for end-of-semester examinations. The researchers retrieved 57 objective question papers administered in end-of-semester examinations centrally conducted in the College within the period of three academic sessions (2016/2017, 2017/2018 and first semester 2018/2019). 19 common violations of item writing principles were selected from literature and used in assessing the quality of 57 objective questions. The study classified test items in each of the 57 objective question papers into standard and flawed categories such that if an item is flawed, the exact type of flaw(s) (including options) was recorded.
Results: The results showed that short answer, multiple choice and alternate response questions are the types of objective test formats constructed by lecturers; there was a high rate of violation of standard item writing rules in most objective semester examination questions constructed by lecturers; and the nature of the four most frequently violated IWFs were related to irrelevant difficulty which tended to make questions or tasks more difficult than intended.
Recommendations/Classroom Implications: College management should organize seminar or workshop at regular interval to train or update lecturers’ knowledge on test construction skills and tips
Inquiry based method on academic achievement of Biology students at secondary level in Hazara divison, Pakistan
Get PDFIntroduction: Inquiry based method is one of the innovations in teaching techniques. Despite its benefits, inquiry based method has not got due popularity in the Pakistani context.
Purpose: The objectives of the study were to examine the effects of Inquiry Based Method on the academic achievement of students Biology at secondary level, to compare the academic achievement of low-achievers of Biology at secondary level taught through inquiry Based Method and Lecture Method, and to compare the academic achievement of high-achievers of Biology of secondary level taught through Inquiry Based Method and Lecture Method.
Methodology: Two null hypotheses were formulated in order to achieve the objectives. One hundred twenty (120) science students of grade 10th (2017-2018) from GGHS No. 2 Haripur were considered as population. Sixty (60) Science students of grade 10th from GGHS No. 2 Haripur were selected as sample of the study. These students were divided into two equivalent groups i.e. control (n=30) and experimental group (n=30) on the basis of mean scores of pre & post- test on Biology. Experimental group was taught through Inquiry Based Method and control group was taught by Traditional Lecture Method for eight weeks.
Results: The analyzed data revealed that experimental group significantly performed better than the control group. Similarly, the lower achievers of experimental group showed significantly better performance than lower achievers of the control group.
Recommendations: It was recommended that teachers who are teaching Biology at secondary school level may be trained to teach Biology by applying Inquiry group learning method
Implications of labour market on career development in the early childhood care programme in Adamawa state, Nigeria
Get PDFIntroduction: The issues of job type and career choice are always controversial and more demanding as they require careful act and guidance to make the right decisions; career choice and the factor of the labour market is one major element in every society that influences the standard of living.
Purpose: This study investigated the implication of the labour market on career development in the Early Childhood Care Program (ECCE) in Adamawa state. The study explored various factors of career choice in relation to the labour market norms and values as well as its implication towards sustaining a satisfactory career choice and development in ECCE
Design: The study adopted survey research design. The population of this study consists of parents, teachers and other members of the respective communities in Adamawa State. A sample of 175 was randomly selected in five educational zones in Adamawa State. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection and data were analysed descriptively using frequency table, percentage and weighted average.
Results: The finding revealed that factors such as the decline in ECCE certificates, favoritism toward other professions, low remuneration, lack of society acceptance, and inadequate counseling services make the labour market hinder career development in ECCE among career seekers. However, it is established in this paper that opportunities are still in abundance for career seekers in ECCE.
Recommendations: The study recommended among other that there should be campaign awareness as well as services of counseling for career seeker in ECCE
Effect of gender and body mass index on academic performance of junior secondary students in Owerri education zone, Imo state, Nigeria
Get PDFIntroduction: Academic performance of a student is most commonly linked with several factors such as family socio-economic status etc. The nutritional status of a child is an important factor in the development of a child, including mental and cognitive development.
Purpose: This study investigated the effect of gender and BMI on academic performance of Junior Secondary School students in Owerri Education zone, with the aim of comparing the academic achievement of both genders with their BMI.
Methodology: Two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated in order to achieve the objectives. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised 23, 229J.S.S students, with sample size of 120 JSS 3 students; 60 males and 60 females, selected by means of simple random sampling technique from 10 schools in the zone. The instruments used for data collection were structured students Test Questions (SSTQ) and school-based result for the last term in English, Mathematics, and Basic Science. Height and weight were recorded to calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI).
Result: The findings of the study showed that: Gender has no significant effect on academic performance of students while BMI has significant effect on academic performance of students.
Recommendation: It was recommended that underweight students should be counseled on how to improve their weight so as to avoid dropping down to severe underweight, as it may affect the brain’s ability to process information. This can affect the student’s academic performance
Prevalence of various forms of domestic violence and their effects on students classroom behaviours in Bungoma county, Kenya
Get PDFIntroduction: There is an assumption that domestic violence only affected women. However, studies have shown that domestic violence has repercussions equally for children who witness it.
Purpose: The study was set up to investigate the prevalence of domestic violence in Bungoma County, Kenya, and the influence on classroom behaviour of students in secondary schools.
Methodology: Descriptive survey design was used on a target population of 576 students, 36 principles, and 36 guiding and counseling teachers, including 18 parents. The instruments used for data collection were open and closed-ended structured questionnaires for the students, an interview schedule for the principals and guiding and counseling teachers, and a focus group discussion guide for the parents.
Results: The study established that domestic violence prevailed in society, and some students were victims while others were witnesses. Secondly, domestic violence manifested in the students’ classroom behaviours.
Recommendations: The study recommended more sensitization of the public, creation of a workable hotline number to enable easier reporting and schools’ personnel to try and identify symptoms in the students who are victims for early rehabilitation.
Teaching strategy preferences in upper basic schools in Ilorin west local government area, Kwara state, Nigeria
Get PDFIntroduction: Several studies have been carried out on various teaching strategy broadly categorised as teacher-centred, student-centred and student-teacher centred. This study was premised on investigating preferences for these strategies among basic school teachers.
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate teacher's teaching strategy preferences in classroom situations in teaching and learning in Upper Basic Classroom situations.
Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design of survey type. Teachers in Ilorin West Local Government area of Kwara State constituted the study population while the target population was all Upper Basic school teachers sampled randomly. The instrument used to collect data was a questionnaire tagged "Teachers' Teaching Strategy Preferences Questionnaire" (TTSPQ) which was face and content validated by measurement and evaluation experts. The reliability of the instrument was ascertained using Cronbach's alpha with a reliability index of 0.78. The validated instrument was administered electronically via Google Forms. Data were analysed using percentages, t-test and ANOVA statistics.
Results: Results showed that teacher-student centred strategy using discussion, demonstration, question & answer, field trip, and reciprocal methods were preferred while there was a significant difference in teaching strategy preferences based on teaching the subject with Mathematics teachers most contributors to the significance.
Recommendations/Classroom Implications: It was recommended that schools constantly organise training and workshops to better expose all teachers to deploying student-teacher-centred teaching and learning methods