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Oscillatory and regularized shock waves for a modified Serre–Green–Naghdi system
No full textThe Serre–Green–Naghdi equations of water wave theory have been widely employed to study undular bores. In this study, we introduce a modified Serre–Green–Naghdi system incorporating the effect of an artificial term that results in dispersive and dissipative dynamics. We show that the modified system effectively approximates the classical Serre–Green–Naghdi equations over sufficiently extended time intervals and admits dispersive–diffusive shock waves as traveling wave solutions. The traveling waves converge to the entropic shock wave solution of the shallow water equations when the dispersion and diffusion approach zero in a moderate dispersion regime. These findings contribute to an understanding of the formation of dispersive shock waves in the classical Serre–Green–Naghdi equations and the effects of diffusion in the generation and propagation of undular bores
Some Football Threads: Exploring transition design towards more socially and environmentally sustainable production and consumption of football kit within Aotearoa, New Zealand
No full textFootball kit (i.e. the clothing worn when playing football) occupies a vital role in the football industry. It enables play, coaching, fan support and generates income for clubs through its sales or ability to be used as advertisement space. Unfortunately, the production and consumption of such kit is damaging to human and more-than-humans within the footballing landscape and wider environment. Such damage occurs through production processes resulting in, for example, high carbon emissions and poor workers’ rights, as well as high rates of consumption generating high levels of waste. This research aimed to understand how actors and stakeholders in the football sporting landscape within Aotearoa New Zealand might transition towards more socially and environmentally sustainable football kit production and consumption. Specifically, it sought to achieve this aim in three ways: through understanding current production and consumption patterns, re-imagining alternatives, and investigating in actions and strategies for change. To carry out the research, I engaged in a multimethodological approach to transition design informed by Participatory Action Research (PAR) and scholar-activism. First, I interviewed various people in the football and/ or textile industry. Second, I engaged grassroots players in workshops using creative methods to reimagine football kit and generate actions for change. Third, participants and I put some actions into practice. Overall, this research illustrates how negative social and environmental impacts are created and sustained through local-global commodity chains associated with football kit and how these relations and impacts perpetuate historical geopolitical, gendered and racialised inequities. Adopting a transition design approach informed my PAR and scholar-activism, also identified collective strategies to improve social and environmental standards associated with materiality, transparency and relationality in the future production and consumption of football kit.</p
Get ready: disaster preparedness and response for people with chronic illnesses living in hazard-prone Petone, Aotearoa New Zealand
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this research is to understand how people living with chronic illness understand their healthcare needs, particularly as they can be disrupted by natural hazards events (e.g. earthquakes, flooding and landslides), which can result in chronic health conditions becoming acute. Research has shown that, because of such disruption, people with chronic illness face the greatest risk of adverse health outcomes during a disaster, placing significant demand on healthcare systems. Design/methodology/approach: The research draws on a narrative analysis of in-depth, semi-structured interviews with eight people who have a chronic illness and live in a hazard-prone location, namely Petone, Lower Hutt, Aotearoa New Zealand. Findings: Two major narrative themes were identified: “Social Capital”, which included the three subthemes of community, social connection and support and family and friends. Tellers also experienced a strong sense of “Independence”, as demonstrated through seven subthemes that included declaration, defiance, rules, experience, acceptance, responsibility, self-surveillance and self-management. Practical implications: Practice output from this research includes the development of fit for purpose emergency management policies and other educational resources to ensure equity, access and choice for people with a chronic illness and their communities. Social implications: This research produces in-depth knowledge and insight into the preparedness and response needs of people who live with a chronic illness. This is an under-research area in disaster management in Aotearoa New Zealand. Originality/value: Routine medical treatment for people living with chronic illness can be disrupted by natural hazard events (e.g. earthquakes, flooding and landslides), which can result in chronic health conditions becoming acute. Research has shown that, because of such disruption, the chronically ill face the greatest risk of adverse health outcomes during a disaster, placing significant demand on healthcare. This research investigates how people living with chronic illness experience disaster preparedness and response while residing in a hazard-prone location, namely Petone, Lower Hutt, Aotearoa New Zealand. The study argues that it is imperative to acknowledge the experiences of people with chronic illness as they provide specific insights into their needs during a disaster
Cybersecurity: Putting Indigenous Peoples First
No full textDespite rising awareness of the critical importance of Indigenous data sovereignty principles for the empowerment of Indigenous communities, there is minimal evidence of any engagement from cybersecurity policy makers or researchers to actualise these goals. This paper reports preliminary findings from the first phase of a more extensive research programme investigating cybersecurity in relation to Indigenous communities, which analysed national cybersecurity policies in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States
Practices, Systems, and Processes that contribute to Effective Distributed Leadership within a Kindergarten Association
No full textThis study investigates the practical application of distributed leadership in early childhood education, focusing on a case study of Whānau Manaaki Kindergartens. Combining survey data with qualitative insights from focus groups and interviews, it addresses the question: "What practices, systems, and processes contribute to effective distributed leadership within Whānau Manaaki Kindergartens?" The research explores how different roles within a kindergarten association experience distributed leadership, shaped by personal experiences and Whānau Manaaki values. The study identifies mana-enhancing, equitable, reflexive, professional, and relational leadership practices supported by collaborative systems and processes. It proposes a framework illustrating the integration of Whānau Manaaki's values with these findings.</p
Error Space Search for Combinatorial Optimization
No full textCombinatorial optimization problems are important both theoretically and for solving real-world problems. Many resolutions to combinatorial optimization problems have been proposed in the literature. An approach attracting recent attention from researchers is combining global search with greedy algorithms, resulting in hybrid algorithms. These hybrid algorithms take advantage of the global optimization capabilities of global search algorithms while using the greedy algorithm's strength to repair invalid solutions and to explore local regions that promise good solutions. Proposals using this approach often conduct their search in solution space -- the space of possible solutions to the problem. However, surveying and evaluating recent studies using the above approach has shown that designing new algorithms that obtain impressive results when solving more challenging combinatorial optimization problems has become more and more difficult. Building on a recognition of the strengths of greedy local search, this thesis presents a new approach to the global search in hybrid algorithms, changing the search from solution space to error space. The error space is the set of errors that the greedy algorithm can make. The global search algorithm finds and passes potential error sets to the greedy algorithm, helping it avoid the mistakes it would otherwise make, and generate better solutions than it could by itself. This new approach is presented as an optimization framework. The framework is used to design two hybrid optimization algorithms to solve two different combinatorial optimization problems: the Discounted Knapsack Problem and the Set Covering Problem. Experimental results show that the resulting algorithms perform impressively, surpassing the state-of-the-art algorithms using the standard approach in many cases. This demonstrates that the proposed error space-based optimization framework is a general one that can be used effectively for a variety of combinatorial optimization problems. The thesis presents a new strategy for researchers to design algorithms for other combinatorial optimization problems and sets a new direction for research on hybrid search algorithms that can combine global search and greedy algorithms in more effective ways.</p
The Tourist Tariff - Designing the spaces between exploration and exploitation in New Zealand's sensitive landscapes
No full textThis thesis explores the holistic, sustainable development of gateway tourist townships in New Zealand's sensitive landscapes. Grounded in the architectural discipline, the research strives to test the implementation of sustainable frameworks through the central locale, Te Anau, a critical town in New Zealand’s tourism strategy and colloquially known as the gateway to Fiordland National Park. Adopting a mixed-method research approach, case studies direct the research through design exploration, offering an understanding of current New Zealand practices and how this compares to international gateway townships. Identified as a critical inhibitor to the adoption of sustainable frameworks in New Zealand, the lack of transport facilities and intermodal networks in gateway communities is exasperating the demands of contemporary tourism. The research through the design process tests the integration of transport facilities into Te Anau’s streetscape to develop its gateway function and act as a catalyst for the re-invigoration of gateway town centres’. This thesis introduces the ‘Framing our Values’ concept as a design driver for sustainable development in environmentally and culturally sensitive landscapes to re-align gateway morphology with New Zealand values, improving the connection between gateway town centres to New Zealand's prominent landscapes.Keywords: Sustainable Development, Gateway Townships, Sensitive Landscapes, Intermodal Connectivity, Place-based Design.</p
Re-examining the relationship between patience, risk-taking, and human capital investment across countries*
No full textHanushek et al. (2022) show that students in countries in which people are more patient and less risk-taking perform better in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) test. In this paper, we probe the robustness of this study. Our narrow replication shows that most of the results are robust to alternative model specifications. Our broad replication shows that the main results are robust to measuring student performance with data from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) instead of PISA
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