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Lead sheets and audio recordings of compositions that accompany <i>The DAWn of a New Fusion: </i><i>Compositional Styles of Pianist/Producers in the Age of Web 2.0</i>
No full textLead sheets and audio recordings of compositions that accompany Michael Crawford's Doctorate of Musical Arts (Jazz Composition) exegesis 'The DAWn of a New Fusion: Compositional Styles of Pianist/Producers in the Age of Web 2.0'.</p
Sport and Leisure in Colonial New Zealand, 1840-c.1890.
No full textThis thesis explores the role that sport played in New Zealand society from 1840 to c.1890. Four main chronological chapters discuss the developments across the six settlements of Auckland, Taranaki, Wellington, Nelson, Canterbury, and Otago. The discussion examines how sport grew and changed during this period, and how sport became intertwined with the social lives of those who arrived as colonists and settler migrants, those whose home it was, and increasingly over the period, those born in New Zealand. The main sports participated in by the inhabitants of New Zealand during this period were cricket, sailing, and horse racing, followed by rugby from c.1870 onwards. These were joined by an array of other minor sports including tennis, football, and boxing that formed a diverse sporting scene. Sports were played across the whole year with clubs and social groups having formed from an early stage, but public holidays such as anniversaries were also often celebrated with a sporting event such as a regatta, horse race, or cricket match. Participation and spectatorship to some degree included all strata of New Zealand society across gender, race, class and others with each affecting how and why sport was engaged with.Sport has long been included in general histories of New Zealand, whether at a national or local level histories. In these histories it has been a minor observation without much analysis, depth or careful study and has existed from time to time rather than as a consistent component of New Zealand society. Specific sport history in New Zealand is still in its infancy, with the first book dedicated exclusively to examining the history of sport in New Zealand being Ryan and Watson’s Sport and the New Zealanders published in 2018. Issues of race and gender have attracted some commentary. Hokowhitu’s works on the perception of Māori masculinity and how sport shaped this image has added to the historiography on race in the sporting scene in New Zealand. Macdonald’s chapter in The New Oxford History of New Zealand (2009) argued that being a woman was the most exclusionary factor in New Zealand sport, instead noting how ideas of masculinity were pervasive in sport during this period. Curtin and Palmer’s works, largely about women involved in rugby, have added to the historiography on gender which has grown in the last decade. This was added to by Auger and Simpson’s The Warm Sun on my Face in 2020 which detailed the history of women’s cricket in New Zealand.This thesis adds to this historiography by examining sport in the smaller communities of New Zealand as well as positioning it within the larger systems of sport within the British Empire. This has been done by examining specific sporting events, such as the Auckland Regatta, interprovincial cricket matches, and international tours, as well as the general sporting scene of clubs, committees and schools. The themes of the existing historiography, of gender, race, and class related patterns of inclusion and exclusion have been put into a more localised context, exploring how time and place affected how these themes were interacted with. The findings are that the nature of sport varied vastly from place to place, and changes were swift as a gap of just ten years had profound effects on the sporting scene. Race was used as a divide in sport from the beginning of the period under review, however Māori participation was still frequent although it would decrease from the mid-1850s onwards before seeing a resurgence in rugby from the mid-1870s onwards. The military and colonial officials were key to the early popularity of sport, especially cricket, as they made up a significant proportion of the population in the 1840s and 1850s, before being involved in the conflicts of the 1860s.The major primary source from this period for the study of sport in colonial New Zealand is newspapers. Newspapers were common from the beginning of the major settlements of New Zealand and reported extensively on sporting events. More than just giving an account of the result of the events, they would give a commentary on the general running of the event allowing for a far deeper examination of the social dynamics at such fixtures. There were also the school magazines from many of the elite public schools that started to be published in the 1880s and detailed the sporting events of the school such as fixtures, training, and the construction of sports facilities, as well as alumni news. The conclusions of this thesis are that sport was an integral part of life in New Zealand both as light entertainment and recreation as well as a tool for people within the colonial structure to impart their imperial aims.</p
ADHD Traits and Decision-Making
No full textDelay discounting describes a decision-making phenomenon where rewards lose value because they are delayed. Delay discounting tasks are often used to explore the relationship between impulsive choice and ADHD traits, and conclusions are often extended to all delay discounting contexts across all populations. However, most studies use hypothetical postponing and experiential waiting contexts to explore delay discounting in populations of ADHD children and adolescents. A stronger link has been found between ADHD and delay discounting in experiential waiting contexts. However, fewer studies have explored hypothetical waiting contexts, and none have explored experiential postponing contexts. Therefore, it is not clear whether cross-study differences reflect the effects of waiting or the effects of experienced rewards. That is, research comparing discounting behaviours across different tasks or studies, may actually be comparing behaviours under different decision-making contexts. Hypothetical tasks use hypothetical delays and rewards the individual imagines, for example: would you prefer 200 in six months? Comparatively, experiential tasks use rewards and delay the individual experiences, for example: would you prefer 50 points now or 100 points in 15 seconds? Hypothetical and experiential tasks can both be used to explore decisions about waiting and postponing. Delay discounting is much steeper in waiting contexts, where participants must wait during the delay (losing access to other rewards) than in postponing contexts where they can engage in other activities during the delay. In Experiment 1, we explored the relationship between delay discounting and ADHD traits in hypothetical and experiential waiting and postponing in a sample of New Zealand students. We replicated the finding that delay discounting was steeper in waiting than in postponing contexts. There was no relationship between ADHD scores and any delay discounting measure, perhaps because our sample did not include sufficient participants with very high or low ADHD scores. Consequently, in Experiment 2, we explored these relationships with an ADHD group and a comparison group. Again, discounting rates were significantly steeper in both waiting conditions. The ADHD and comparison group did not differ significantly from the comparison group on any delay discounting task. ADHD traits specifically inattentive (IA) and hyperactive/impulsive (H/I) symptom subscales, were, however, positively correlated with delay discounting. This correlation was also stronger in the experiential task and for the longest second-long delay lengths.Our results suggest that ADHD adults are more choice-impulsive across discounting contexts, but only when using correlational analyses with ADHD symptoms rather than group comparison. Additionally, IA and H/I trait symptoms similarly correlate with discounting in waiting and postponing contexts, but there is weaker support for this relationship in hypothetical tasks. Consequently, both delay aversion and temporal myopia may be important contributors to steeper discounting in experiential and hypothetical contexts. Future studies should continue to explore this relationship across all discounting contexts, in ADHD adults and children, ensuring they capture the full range of ADHD symptoms and design discounting conditions well.</p
Nomenclatural corrections for gender of species-group names for two Solomon Island birds
No full textThe Solomon Islands is home to 65 endemic species of birds and a total of 335 species. The scientific names of two of these species need to be corrected according to Article 31 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, which mandates how scientific names are formed. The species-group names in Ceyx gentiana and Zosterops tetiparia are corrected here for their gender.</p
The Importance of Sponge Gardens in Supporting Fish and Invertebrate Communities in Wellington Harbour
No full textWith expansion in technology, humans are modifying the marine environment, often causing negative impacts on the abundance and resilience of marine organisms and ecosystems. Important habitats such as animal-dominated reefs (ADR) are declining in their extent and quality due to human influences, with consequences for millions of people who rely upon the functions and services that they provide. ADRs in the tropics, like coral reefs are well known to support abundant and diverse marine communities, but temperate and polar ADRs like sponge gardens are understudied and their value for broader ecosystem services is less well understood. This thesis investigates the ecological importance of sponge ADRs (sponge gardens), focussing on their role in supporting fish and invertebrate populations and their prey in Wellington Harbour, New Zealand. In Chapter 2, I quantify and compare fish and mobile invertebrate (>10mm) abundance and diversity inside sponge gardens and outside sponge gardens on adjacent bare habitat with the use of SCUBA surveys. Additionally, I assess the body condition of two dominant fish groups to evaluate whether sponge gardens contribute to healthier or stronger fish based on length-weight analyses. Results show that sponge gardens support on average, 10 times more fish and 3.2 times more fish richness than adjacent, bare habitats. Invertebrate abundance and diversity is also significantly higher inside sponge gardens, with 4 times more invertebrates and 1.4 times more invertebrate diversity than adjacent bare habitats. One of the dominant fish found in both habitats, Tripterygiidae forsterygion (Triplefin), show greater body condition inside sponge gardens than outside, whilst the most common wrasse species, Notolabrus celidotus (Spotty) shows similar condition regardless of habitat type.In Chapter 3, I assess whether sponge gardens function to provide key food resources for fish by quantifying the volume and community composition of available fish prey (macroinvertebrates (Overall, the findings of this thesis highlight the value and importance of temperate sponge garden ADRs for fish and invertebrates in Wellington Harbour, New Zealand. Sponge gardens support significantly greater abundance and diversity of fish and invertebrates with some species of fish being in better condition as well. Additionally, these sponge gardens support diverse fish prey with some fish species diet heavily relying on prey found only within sponge gardens. To ensure the biodiversity supported by sponge gardens is conserved, future management plans should prioritise the recognition, protection, and restoration of these important habitats, particularly in areas impacted by coastal development or seabed disturbance.</p
Ki te ū o te Ūkaipō-Wāhine Māori and Reintegration Support: Examining the Intersection of Gender, Indigeneity, and Colonialism
No full textWāhine Māori (Indigenous women of Aotearoa) constitute sixty-three percent of the female prison population in Aotearoa New Zealand, making them one of the most incarcerated Indigenous groups worldwide. Despite their overrepresentation in the justice system, there is a critical gap in understanding their re-entry experiences, particularly from an intersectional lens that considers the role of gender, culture, and socio-economic realities. Effective reintegration support is essential for breaking the cycles of incarceration, yet the extent to which existing systems meet the needs of wāhine Māori remains unclear.This study, underpinned by Kaupapa Māori and Mana Wahine theories, explores reintegration support systems for wāhine Māori through the intersection of gender and indigeneity. Seventeen formerly incarcerated wāhine Māori participated in semi-structured interviews. Through pūrākau¬–a Māori storytelling approach–three themes emerged: (1) re-entry is a multidimensional challenge; (2) the impact of displacement and disconnection on re-entry support; and (3) transformation through reclaiming agency. The findings highlight that incarceration disrupts social support systems, leaving whānau (family) as the primary–but often strained–source of support. Five critical insights emerged: (1) Whānau is a source of care and conflict; (2) support must be wāhine Māori-led and holistic; (3) social networks are undervalued in re-entry; (4) culture is vital yet missing in re-entry programmes; and (5) unrecognised emotions and efforts of wāhine Māori influence re-entry outcomes. This research addresses the gap in re-entry studies by providing insights into the unique support needs of wāhine Māori. It offers recommendations for health and social services, justice policy, and future research while emphasising the significance of Te Ūkaipō, a Māori concept of belonging and connection, in supporting healing, recovery, and successful reintegration for wāhine Māori.</p
Supporting Equity and Excellence: Learning from the experiences of school Board members in the Far North
No full textThis thesis examines Aotearoa New Zealand school Board members’ experiences, their governance capability, and the patterns of inequity within school communities. While previous literature has established that the school Board system (a neoliberal approach to school governance introduced as part of the Tomorrow’s Schools education reforms), is complex and contradictory and has a tendency to reproduce disparities already existing within schools’ communities, we still know little about how this plays out in specific communities, especially those which are small, poor, rural or have high Māori populations. To investigate this gap in the literature, I adopted a qualitative, multiple case study methodology to explore the experiences of fourteen Board members from four school Boards in the Far North. I explored how they navigated aspects of Board governance, capability and new policy requirements since the introduction of the 2020 Education and Training Act. I gathered data using semi-structured interviews, observations of Board meetings, and document analysis. The research adopted Ladson-Billings’ (2006) Education Debt theoretical framework to explore the historic, economic and sociopolitical factors contributing to the reproduction of inequities within the Board system and I undertook a reflexive thematic analysis to explore Board members’ experiences.This study found that while every Board identified challenges related to the scope of the Board role, the three rural, more socioeconomically disadvantaged schools faced greater challenges than the larger suburban school. These related to recruiting and retaining skilled Board members, building their Board capability and responding to new policy requirements. Applying Ladson-Billings’ theory of education debt, I argue that the disparities emerging between Boards’ can be explained by the reproduction of historic, economic and sociopolitical inequities present within schools’ communities. The hierarchy of effective governance which emerged across the case studies can be explained by the existence of an education debt owed to communities that hold fewer resources, and governance capability due to historic and contemporary factors. Reconceptualising these disparities as effects of an education debt owed to schools and their communities supports the conclusion that a one-size-fits-all model of school governance is not equipped to respond to the needs of schools’ communities, nor build their governance capability to support effective school governance.</p
Temporal Evolution of Seismicity in the Central Southern Alps, New Zealand: Evidence for Rainfall‐Triggered Seismicity
No full textAbstractUnderstanding the conditions and mechanisms that produce earthquakes is of high scientific relevance. The central Southern Alps/Kā Tiritiri o te Moana of New Zealand is an active orogen that offers a unique opportunity to study the processes that drive seismogenesis. A new high‐quality, matched‐filter‐based microseismicity catalog has been constructed by following a fully automated detection and location process. The catalog spans from 2009 to 2020 with local magnitudes between −1.81 and 3.42. Our results indicate a seasonal pattern in earthquake occurrence, with a notable correlation between shallow‐depth earthquakes (6 km hypocentral depths) and large, mostly summer, rainfall events beneath three separate glaciers. We hypothesize that a combination of seasonal snowmelt and heavy rainfall events raises the water table during spring and summer, changing pore‐fluid pressure in the upper crust and triggering earthquakes. Our findings highlight the role of extreme rainfall and glacier dynamics in triggering shallow earthquakes, which can improve hazard assessment in the central Southern Alps/Kā Tiritiri o te Moana and similar alpine regions worldwide
Tōmuri - Overdue: a mixed-use cultural hub in inner-city Wellington
No full textWellington, New Zealand's "cultural and creative capital," is renowned for its dynamic arts scene, vibrant coffee culture, and world-class film industry. However, despite its cultural richness, the city lacks a centralized facility to celebrate and promote its unique contributions, particularly in film. This thesis proposes the design of a mixed-use cultural centre that will address this gap by providing a dedicated space to support Wellington’s cultural and economic landscape. The cultural centre will incorporate an IMAX theatre, a cinema complex, cafes, restaurants, retail spaces, a library, a shared office space, and community gathering areas, meeting the needs of both residents and visitors. Positioned within a key cultural district near Wellington’s landmarks, the centre aims to offer a protected, all-weather environment that aligns with the city’s windy climate. This cultural hub aspires to become an architectural icon that celebrates Wellington's identity through a thoughtful integration of Māori cultural elements and design features that promote social cohesion, urban revitalization, and community pride. By creating spaces for events, exhibitions, and daily interactions, the project seeks to enhance Wellington’s role as a cultural destination, stimulate economic activity, and foster a sense of community and cultural pride.</p
Shaping Structures : A Process for Integrating and Optimising Space Use and Structural Design at Early Design Stages for Engineered Timber Construction
No full textCompared to steel and concrete, medium to large-scale buildings built from timber are uncommon in NZ despite a slew of advantages and being a renewable, carbon-negative material. This is partly due to a lack of specific knowledge in the industry and higher material costs. This thesis explores innovative methods for designing materially efficient, high-performing building structures from engineered timber, which follow circular economy principles. A design method is established which holistically addresses space use and performance criteria. The method utilises a functioning prototype of a parametric digital design tool, developed for stakeholders including architects and engineers as part of the research outcome. It assesses material quantities which are used to calculate embodied carbon, cost, and performance of engineered timber structures for medium to large scale mixed-use buildings. The digital tool considers the relationships of structure, space, and performance criteria to generate design solutions for optimising the structural performance and material efficiency of input designs. The outcome of the design process is a series of design solutions for a modular, reusable, engineered timber kit-of-parts which can be assembled to create a variety of building forms and uses. The developed design solution can be easily disassembled and re-used at the end of the building’s life, avoiding the landfill, and increasing the value and longevity of the building structure and stored carbon. The kit-of-parts is then used in a case study design; a developed concept for a large scale, mixed- use urban development located in the Christchurch CBD, NZ. The mixed-use development contains multiple building programs to facilitate and test the kits adaptability and re-use. It serves as an initial ‘proof of concept’ for the preceding research and design.</p
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