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Intergenerational Mobility and Lifecycle Profile - Methodological and Empirical Insights
No full textThis thesis examines intergenerational mobility with a particular focus on the role of lifecycle bias in estimating the transmission of socioeconomic outcomes across generations. It consists of three self-contained empirical studies unified by a common methodological concern: the bias introduced when shot-run outcome proxies are used instead of lifetime measures. The first study investigates the intergenerational transmission of criminal behaviour and applies a method for lifecycle bias based on the generalized errors-in-variables (GEiV) model. Because short-run proxies vary systematically over the life course, estimates of intergenerational associations are often biased when lifetime data are unavailable. The GEiV model addresses this issue and performs well across both the extensive and intensive margins of criminal offending. The analysis reveals that traditional estimates substantially understate intergenerational associations in criminal behaviour, even when both generations are observed during their teenage years. The corrected elasticities are larger, statistically similar across ages, cohorts, and offence types, and indicate stronger persistence of criminal behaviour across generations. Associations between mothers and children tend to be weaker than those between fathers and children. The second study extends the literature on income mobility by applying the GEiV correction strategy to earnings data from New Zealand. The analysis shows that intergenerational earnings rank correlations and elasticities are significantly understated when relying on short-run proxies. After applying the GEiV correction, estimates become more stable and consistent across cohorts and age groups, revealing stronger associations—particularly among Māori and daughters. The final paper applies the GEiV model correction strategy to the United States using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). By comparing intergenerational mobility estimates based on lifetime income and short-run proxies, the study shows that lifecycle bias leads to downward-biased estimates of both rank correlations and elasticities. The GEiV-based correction produces estimates that closely approximate “true” intergenerational mobility, even in relatively short income panels. Collectively, these studies underscore the importance of accounting for lifecycle bias and demonstrate the effectiveness of the GEiV model in improving the accuracy and comparability of intergenerational mobility estimates across different contexts and outcomes.</p
The collecting and connecting experiences of LGBTQ+ communities, LGBTQ+ independent archives and the GLAMU sector in Aotearoa New Zealand
No full textLGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer) activism has played a significant role in effecting legislative and social change in New Zealand and overseas, promulgating public attitudinal shifts towards tolerance and inclusion. These societal changes, however, do not appear to have resulted in the visible representation of LGBTQ+ communities in New Zealand's galleries, libraries, archives, museums, and universities (GLAMU), prompting these communities to establish their own independent archives to preserve their stories. This research investigates the collecting, documenting and donating space with respect to New Zealand LGBTQ+ communities, LGBTQ+ independent archives and GLAMU institutions.A qualitative approach was employed, drawing on metamodern concepts and applying several theoretical lenses, including queer theory, affect theory, ethics of care, and radical empathy theories. Data collection methods included an institutional qualitative survey and document analysis, followed by interviews with information professionals, representatives from LGBTQ+ independent archives, and LGBTQ+ donors. The data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.The findings revealed that many GLAMU institutions had limited queer materials, with LGBTQ+ independent archives being the mainstays of queer collecting and memory preservation. Institutional collecting strategies and policies had the effect of excluding rather than including LGBTQ+ communities, which, combined with a lack of LGBTQ+ community engagement, meant donations were rarely received. A key contribution of this research is the vital importance of developing personal connections with LGBTQ+ communities, as current passive collecting practices do not facilitate LGBTQ+ donations. The concept of queer cultural awareness was a critical factor in developing meaningful relationships between LGBTQ+ donors and information professionals, making a significant contribution to donor relations scholarship. Positive donor experiences were those centred in queer ethics of care and radical, empathy-based relationships, offering mutual respect, trust, and agency. Effecting meaningful change to institutional collecting practices would help to improve the representation of LGBTQ+ voices in New Zealand's local, regional and national cultural heritage.</p
Grief at a distance: Migrants' constructions of grief during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textLoss and mourning are fundamental aspects of human experience, whether through the expected progression of ageing or sudden, unanticipated deaths. Societies worldwide have established cultural practices and mourning rituals to help people process their grief and honour the deceased. However, the COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted these traditional approaches to death and grief. This disruption particularly affected migrants, who comprise 3.6% of the global population (International Organisation for Migration, 2024) and maintain transnational family ties across continents (Trask, 2010). Prior to the pandemic, advances in transportation and technology made it feasible for migrants to return home for important family events, including funerals. The pandemic, however, introduced multiple layers of complexity to migrants’ grieving processes. They faced not only physical distance from their families but also strict travel limitations, health risks from COVID-19, and the challenge of reconciling different cultural approaches to grief between their countries of origin and residence.This thesis examines how migrants made sense of grieving at a distance during the unprecedented circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a social constructionist lens, which emphasises that the way people perceive and understand the world is socially produced, the research aims to understand the constructions of migrants’ grief at a distance. The research achieves this aim through two studies: an analysis of how international media outlets framed migrants’ grief at a distance, and in-depth interviews with bereaved migrants living in Aotearoa New Zealand to explore their constructions of grief.The first study employs qualitative framing analysis to examine nine international online newspaper articles, examining media representations of migrants’ grief at a distance. This analysis identifies three frames: (1) grief as an impossible situation, (2) migrants confronting impossible choices, and (3) grief as culturally mediated. The first frame focuses on the impossibility of grieving during the pandemic due to the lack of physical presence and the inability to travel home. The second frame depicts a challenging dynamic between agency and external constraints as migrants navigated the difficult decision of travelling back home. The third frame is the portrayal of grief through a cultural lens with practices, rituals, and support systems as a resource in the grieving process. The three frames emphasise the complex choices migrants faced due to their personal situations and cross-cultural experiences. They illuminate how psychological experiences of grief interweave with broader societal and cultural contexts, while shaping public perceptions of migrants’ grief. The second study involves semi-structured interviews with 13 adult migrants in Aotearoa New Zealand who experienced parental loss during the pandemic and were unable to travel home for the funeral. Participants, aged 30-65 and from diverse backgrounds, provided insights into grief experiences shaped by dual cultural contexts. Using reflective thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2022), I identify three main themes of grieving at a distance: (1) being trapped, (2) being excluded, and (3) being a bad child. The first theme explores how external constraints of pandemic restrictions transformed grief into an involuntary private practice. The geographical distance, social disconnections and institutional neglect created the construction of being excluded, which is the second theme. The last theme displays how cultural and familial responsibilities and the inability to fulfil those construct feelings of moral failure and guilt in migrants. These three themes are unified by the overarching construction of grief at a distance as “disconnection”, emerging through the complex interplay of external constraints, social disconnection and social expectations. This research contributes to our understanding of transnational grief in three key areas. First, it extends theories of grief by demonstrating how transnational contexts fundamentally shape constructions of grief. The findings reveal grief as not merely personally and culturally mediated, but also geographically constructed through the interplay of distance, mobility constraints, and structural barriers. Second, this research contributes to migration literature by conceptualising ‘grief at a distance’ as a distinct form of transnational experience, characterised by complex tensions between agency and constraint, belonging and exclusion, and cultural expectations and institutional frameworks. Third, it provides insights into how global pandemics transform fundamental human experiences, showing how the COVID-19 pandemic created new forms of social suffering that particularly affected transnational populations.These theoretical contributions have significant implications for policy and practice. The findings underscore the urgent need to incorporate migrants’ culturally specific needs into grief-related policies and support services. Moreover, they suggest that future pandemic preparedness must extend beyond physical health measures to address the psychological and cultural dimensions of crisis response, particularly for transnational populations.</p
Palaeocirculation across New Zealand during the last glacial maximum at ~21 ka.
No full textNo description supplie
Situating Architecture of The Everyday
No full textSituating Architecture of The Everyday explores how architectural practice might reckon with the conditions of the Capitalocene while cultivating more-than-human modes of cohabitation. This thesis develops a situated, design-led methodology that draws from expanded theories of Site, Ground, Building, and The Everyday to generate speculative practices grounded in local material and ecological conditions.The research unfolds through a series of experimental engagements–including archival gatherings, microbial cultivation, embodied fieldwork, speculative drawing, and sketch modeling–that collectively reframe the erased Waitangi Stream in central Te Whanganui-a-Tara (Wellington) as a dynamic site of environmental entanglement. These situated experiments resist conventional site analysis by working with overlooked debris, institutional records, and more-than-human flows. A post-orthographic visual language emerges through analogue, hybrid, and clay-based representation methods, developed to think-with the site’s unruly materialities.Findings are tested through the design of a speculative housing system that resists commodified typologies and instead proposes a mode of inhabiting alongside dynamic ecological conditions. Drawing on case study research and site-generated programmatic images, the architectural proposal seeks to balance architectural legibility with environmental uncertainty.The contribution of this research lies in the development of a methodology for speculative, materially entangled design that foregrounds the more-than-human. It expands the tools available for contextualising site in architectural practice and suggests that architecture can act as a collaborator in urban ecological transformation.</p
Mahi Tahi ‐ Rū Whenua: Tangata Whenua & Kairangahau Pūtaiao. Reflective Learnings on Partnering With Indigenous Māori Communities in Field‐Based Scientific Research
No full textKupu WhakatakiI timata ai tēnei rangahau I te tau 2018. I tūtakitaki ai I ngā kairangahau a Eleanor Mestel me ōna hoa mahi nō: Te Whare Wānanga o Te Herenga Waka; Te Whare Wānanga o Te Kūnenga ki Pūrehuroa; C.D.E.M. Taupō. I kōrerorero tahi ki ngā tangata o ia whenua ki te kaupapa matua me ngā wawata o te rangahau ‐ Ahi Tupua. Mā ngā mihini rū whenua e kitea te katoa o tōna āhua. Ōna hōhonu, ōna whānui. Ōna nukunuku, ōna nekeneke. Mā reira kua whakatō ngā mihini ine rūwhenua ki rō whenua. Kua oti ai te mahi rangahau ine rūwhenua I te tau 2022. Ka āta wetewete e Eleanor i ngā tātai rāraunga. Mā reira kua kitea te āhua nei o Ahi Tupua. Ko te ngako o te rangahau, me pehea te hohonutanga o te Mātauranga Māori ki te putaiao pakeha kia noho whānau ai. A tōna wā ka hoki mai a Eleanor ki te iwi ki te whakatakoto i ngā kōrero whakaputa I tōna rangahau
Building sustainable collections: Environmental responsibility and inclusion in collection decision-making
No full textCollections, both physical and digital, remain at the heart of libraries’ work with their communities but sustainability concerns are reshaping how collections are developed, maintained, and accessed. This presentation explores how libraries in Aotearoa are adopting sustainable practices with a focus on:
Environmental sustainability: reducing environmental impact and promoting sustainable practices
Economic sustainability: resource sharing and supporting free, open access materials
Social and cultural sustainability: ethical collection practices and the representation of diverse voices
We will present findings of a research project involving librarians from different types of libraries across Aotearoa, focusing on the intersection between library collections and sustainability. Highlighting effective practices in sustainable collection management, we will discuss how libraries in Aotearoa can adopt sustainable collection strategies, challenges faces, and possible solutions
Landscape Responses to Inland Flooding Impacts: A Case Study of Ba, Fiji Islands.
No full textAs climate change continues to be an ever-increasing global issue, low socio-economic countries in the South Pacific face catastrophic and irreversible environmental and economic impacts. Fiji, in particular, faces significant challenges such as flooding due to its location and position along the Pacific coastline. Observations show both high and low socio-economic countries experience similar numbers of natural disasters affecting comparable numbers of people. However people in lower socio-economic countries are 12 times more likely to die from natural disasters and suffer severe economic impact due to the lack of resources and mitigation methods.This research proposal aims to address the ongoing issues of flooding in low socio-economic regions by using innovative design methods. Focusing on Ba, Fiji Islands, this thesis intends to apply these strategies to other South Pacific countries facing similar climate change challenges. The approach will involve cost-efficient methods, including communal participation, traditional techniques, and the use of sustainable and locally sourced materials.The proposal hones into the exploration of key innovative design methods to address flooding in the current and future, including narrative and experimental measures that focus on community involvement and storytelling, traditional knowledge and techniques, nature-based design, sustainable living, and materials.These measures aim to enhance social and economic resilience of local communities in Ba by improving green infrastructure, enhancing ecosystem services through restoration and preservation of natural systems that assist with flood mitigation, and enhance human well-being.</p
Connections between Rudolf Steiner's concept of the threefold human being and some approaches to music therapy
No full textAbstract This qualitative research project explores Rudolf Steiner’s concept of the threefold human being and its relation to ‘mainstream’ music therapy. Steiner’s concept of the threefold human being has been developed and practised in Anthroposophical Music Therapy (AnMt), as well as other international anthroposophical disciplines, such as the education and health sectors. However, the use of the threefold human model can also be relevant to mainstream music therapy. This project aimed to look for the connections between the threefold human being and mainstream music therapy. I utilised an exploratory theoretical methodology to compare anthroposophical literature to mainstream music therapy practice. Data sources were literature, media examples, and reflections on my school education and experiences as a growing music therapist. I employed thematic analysis to examine these connections. The six main themes that I found in this analysis are: (1) Thinking, (2) Feeling, and (3) Willing as aspects of the threefold human being; (4) Concepts of soul and spirit in relation to the threefold human being; (5) Balancing aspects to enable a healthy threefold human; (6) The arts contributing to participant health and wellbeing.The findings of this research show Steiner’s model of the threefold human being were not used by music therapists in an integrated or conscious way. Nevertheless, the concepts are implied in the literature and often used by therapists in practice. Based on this finding, music therapists might be interested to include aspects of the threefold human being more explicitly into their practice. In the discussion I suggest an alignment between the integrative, balancing processes of the threefold human in Steiner's model and some Indigenous cultures.Keywords: Music therapy; Anthroposophical Music Therapy (AnMt); Rudolf Steiner; anthroposophy; threefold human being; Thinking, Feeling, Willing; fourfold human being; Indigenous cultures; Aotearoa, New Zealand.</p
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