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Hypercalciuria: Common but Under-diagnosed Cause of Hematuria
Get PDFHypercalciuria has been found to be the cause of unexplained asymptomatic macroscopic or microscopic hematuria among children in a substantial number of cases. It is more common than post-strept glomerulonephritis / IgA nephropathy or any other structural abnormality. Children with asymptomatic hematuria should be investigated and correctly treated for hypercalciuric as it can be easily misdiagnosed.
We report a case of hypercalciuria causing hematuria in a young teenager who was initially considered a case of glomerulonephritis. The patient had isolated gross hematuria, and was suspected of the case of glomerulonephritis and was being treated with immunosuppressants. The patient's family considered a second opinion with us before the earlier advised renal biopsy. The patient was found to have elevated urinary calcium causing hematuria. He was treated with diuretics, immunosuppressants were stopped and along with dietary restrictions, the patient became asymptomatic
Rare Case Report: Serratia Liquefaciens and Enterococcus Species as a Cause of Otogenic Brain Abscess Secondary to Active Epithelial Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) in a 12-Year Old Male Patient with Hemiparesis
Get PDFDeveloping countries face the problem of Otogenic intracranial complications especially in paediatric population because of poor hygiene, malnutrition and low immunity. Active epithelial type Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) can be the cause of potentially fatal complications. One of these is otogenic brain abscess. Having an estimated annual incidence to be approximately 0.5 per 100,000 children, it is associated with high mortality.
We describe a unique case of otogenic brain abscess secondary to Active epithelial CSOM being neglected for two years and finding an unexpected foreign body in the right ear canal in a 12-year-old boy. The consultation was sought when the headache became intense and hemiparesis appeared. Our case is unique regarding both the clinical presentation and the causative organism. The patient underwent craniotomy, with elective capsulotomy, drainage of abscess and placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. This was followed by a modified radical mastoidectomy two weeks later and an uneventful recovery
Celiac Disease in Short Stature Pediatric Population Presenting to Endocrinology Clinics: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi
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Epidemiology of a Hospital-Based Pediatric Cancer Registry - An Experience at a Major Tertiary Care Center in Pakistan
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Salivary levels of Hypoxia inducible factor-1α in stage III oral submucous fibrosis: A clinical and laboratory study
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Prevalence of Gallbladder Cancer in Cases Presented to Tertiary Care Hospital, Retrospective Five-Year Study on Cholecystectomy Specimen
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Comparison of Visual Outcomes between Phacoemulsification and Small Incision Cataract Surgery
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Tuberculosis: A Red Flag for Pakistan’s Health Care System
Get PDFThe microorganism that causes tuberculosis (TB) is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although tuberculosis germs typically attack the lungs, they can also attack the brain, spine, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and other organs. If not treated properly, tuberculosis can be fatal [1].
Tuberculosis is an airborne illness that can easily spread from person to person. In pulmonary TB, coughing is the most effective means to make infectious aerosols, but screaming, singing, sneezing, and other strong expiratory movements can also form droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis [2].
The typical clinical signs of pulmonary tuberculosis are a chronic cough, sputum production, lack of appetite, weight loss, low grade fever with night sweats, and blood in sputum [3].
In 2021, 1.6 million people worldwide (including 187,000 HIV-positive patients) died from tuberculosis. TB is the world's second most lethal transmissible disease (after COVID-19, but before HIV and AIDS) and the 13th largest reason for death [4].
Pakistan's health system is very complex due to the involvement of both federal and provisional governments. Pakistan's GDP allocates a relatively small share to health care. In terms of access to high-quality medical care, Pakistan is ranked 154th out of 195 nations [5].
Sadly, a Pakistan ranks fifth in the world for having a high TB burden and is the source of 61% of the TB cases in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region. An estimated 510000 fresh cases of TB are diagnosed yearly, and 15000 cases of TB acquire medication resistance. The nation is believed to have the fourth-highest prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in the world [6].
The province with the largest percentage of MDR cases reported, according to the statistics, was Punjab (51%), followed by Sindh (23%), KPK (15%), and Baluchistan (3.5%) [7]. TB appears to be spreading across Pakistan as a national illness.
Major contributors to the spread of TB among Pakistani citizens include poor socioeconomic and nutritional conditions, a lack of knowledge about vaccination, disease’s symptoms, transmission and treatment.
There are multiple substantial barriers to tuberculosis control in Pakistan, including a lack of research, a lack of community and private sector involvement, and health professionals' limited knowledge on tuberculosis management.
As HIV patients are more susceptible to tuberculosis, MDR infections and a recent increase in HIV incidence among injectable drug users pose a new challenge to Pakistan's efforts to eradicate TB.
A qualitative investigation on the challenges faced by general practitioners (GP) in Pakistan found that the majority of GP didn't have knowledge regarding screening recommendations, they were not completely aware of the term of MDR-TB, and the majority of GP failed when asked about how to manage TB in pregnant or lactating women [8].
The National TB Control Programme (NTP) was reestablished under the Ministry of Health in Pakistan after TB emerged as a national emergency in 2001 with the apparently unattainable goal of "getting back on track to end the TB epidemic by 2030."
To accomplish their mission, NTP and Health Ministry should: educate the public about the disease using social media; conduct TB screening camps and community-based research; properly train medical professionals on how to treat TB; and form a public-private partnership to offer patients free care
Prevalence of Generalised Anxiety Disorder among Urban Omani Patients Attending Primary Care Centres: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Dilemmas and Facts about Menstrual Cups: Is the Hype Safe?
Get PDFIn Pakistan, there is a scarcity of knowledge about menstrual hygiene management among menstruating women. This is also due to the lack of adequate resources required by women during their menstrual cycles, proper hygiene, awareness regarding infections due to unhealthy menstrual practices, and knowledge about newly introduced menstrual products. The menstrual cup is an alternative to sanitary pads and tampons for menstrual hygiene management