Malmö University
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Mathematics teachers’ experiences of student’s math anxiety in Swedish compulsory school
No full textMatematikångest påverkar elevers prestation och självförtroende i matematik. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka matematiklärares erfarenheter av matematikångest, dess bidragande faktorer samt strategier för att motverka och förebygga. Studien utgår från ett fenomenologiskt och sociokulturellt perspektiv och bygger på kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju matematiklärare i grundskolan. Resultaten visar att matematikångest ofta uttrycks genom undvikande beteenden, låsningar och bristande självförtroende. Lärarna identifierar bidragande faktorer som tidigare misslyckanden, jämförelser med klasskamrater, lärarens och vårdnadshavares attityder samt klassrumsklimatet. För att motverka matematikångest betonas vikten av en stödjande undervisningsmiljö, positiv lärarattityd och varierade undervisningsmetoder. Slutsatserna pekar på att lärarna beskriver sin roll som central för att skapa en lärmiljö där elever utvecklar en mer positiv inställning till matematik. Studien ger insikter för verksamma och blivande lärare i att identifiera och hantera matematikångest i grundskolan
Context in object detection : a systematic literature review
No full textContext is an important factor in computer vision as it offers valuable information to clarify and analyze visual data. Utilizing the contextual information inherent in an image or a video can improve the precision and effectiveness of object detectors. For example, where recognizing an isolated object might be challenging, context information can improve comprehension of the scene. This study explores the impact of various context-based approaches to object detection. Initially, we investigate the role of context in object detection and survey it from several perspectives. We then review and discuss the most recent context-based object detection approaches and compare them. Finally, we conclude by addressing research questions and identifying gaps for further studies. More than 265 publications are included in this survey, covering different aspects of context in different categories of object detection, including general object detection, video object detection, small object detection, camouflaged object detection, zero-shot, one-shot, and few-shot object detection. This literature review presents a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in context-based object detection, providing valuable contributions such as a thorough understanding of contextual information and effective methods for integrating various context types into object detection, thus benefiting researchers
Becoming Swedish pragmatics : comparing the coaching philosophies of Sven-Göran Eriksson and Pia Sundhage
No full textSince the dawn of modern sport, Swedish athletes and leaders have made a significant impact in the global sport community, and Swedish scientists and entrepreneurs have contributed to the development of coaching and training. But when it comes to football, Sweden has rather taken influence from others. Two names contradict this relative anonymity – Sven-Göran Eriksson and Pia Sundhage. They both have had long and successful careers which have brought Swedish coaching ideals to an international audience. The purpose of this study is to investigate how their respective coaching philosophies have developed over time and how they have been shaped by education, previous experiences, and influences in the coaches’ own lives. The developments of Eriksson’s and Sundhage’s coaching philosophies are analysed through the lens of theories about scientisation, specialisation and professionalisation. We build on their own publications, as well as interviews and archival sources
Enhancing teacher research literacy : a pathway to a sustainableand equitable future in education
No full textIntegrating research literacy into teacher education fosters a sustainable, equitable, and effective education system by enhancing teaching practices, empowering lifelong learning, supporting informed decision-making, promoting inclusiveness, and influencing educational policies. The necessity of such research-grounded education systems is acknowledged by international organizations like the OECD. Mandates from Nordic-Baltic education ministries emphasize the critical need to enhance research literacy and skills in teacher education. This involves encouraging both pre- and in-service teachers to engage in active research, thereby fostering their professional development. Achieving research-based teacher education requires parallel processes and thorough consideration of diverse stakeholder perspectives across various educational sectors to integrate research engagement into teachers’ professional identities. This paper presents the initial findings from the NordPlus project “Teacher Research Literacy: Comparative Trajectories in the Nordic-Baltic Region” (TREL). The project involves collaboration among universities and schools in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania. It aims to strengthen teacher education programs in the Nordic and Baltic regions by sharing experiences from pedagogical activities focused on developing research literacy in preand in-service teachers. By documenting best practices and analyzing national needs, policies, and research literacy training activities at partner institutions, TREL seeks to establish a unified Nordic strategy for teacher research literacy training. Preliminary results, derived from collaborative workshops and classroom observations, will be shared, along with insights from drafting a handbook of good practices for building research literacy within TREL’s professional learning network
Using Agent-Based Social Simulations to Inform Organ Donation Policymaking : Adopting the Spanish Approach in Sweden
No full textOrgan donation is a crucial aspect of healthcare, yet, the number of donors is insufficient to cover the demand for transplant procedures. In the European Union, around 15 people die each day waiting for a life-saving organ. National policies differ greatly among countries, but it is unclear how successful policies affect Deceased Organ Donation when introduced in other settings. This paper explores the use of Agent-Based Social Simulation (ABSS) to inform organ donation policymaking. It provides policy actors with a safe environment to investigate the consequences of different policy interventions without the risk of harming people. We present a simulation model of the Swedish organ donation system, where we can investigate the impact of Spain's policy approach, which has the highest DOD rates in Europe. The results highlight the potential of ABSS as a tool for evaluating policy interventions in complex healthcare systems, enabling policymakers to identify and evaluate strategies before implementation.Preprint of accepted conference paper.Agent Based Social Simulation of Organ Donation PoliciesRealizing the Potential of Agent-Based Social Simulatio
What advantages and challenges do teachers and students perceive with traditional and digital writing?
No full textSyftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka fördelar och utmaningar lärare och elever ser med traditionellt respektive digitalt skrivande i årskurs 4. Skrivundervisning är en central del av elevers språkutveckling, och tidigare forskning har visat att både traditionella och digitala skrivmetoder påverkar elevers motivation och engagemang i skrivprocessen. Studien fokuserar på hur dessa skrivmetoder upplevs av både lärare och elever samt vilka faktorer som påverkar skrivutvecklingen. Studien är kvalitativ och bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer med lärare samt fokusgrupper med elever i årskurs 4. Den tematiska analysen av det insamlade materialet har genomförts med utgångspunkt i motivationsteorier, särskilt Deci och Ryans (2000) teori om inre och yttre motivation samt Skaalvik och Skaalviks (2016) teori om självtillit. Resultaten visar att både traditionellt och digitalt skrivande har fördelar och utmaningar. Digitala verktyg kan främja kreativitet och öka motivationen genom snabb återkoppling och interaktivitet, men kan även innebära distraktionsmoment och tekniska hinder. Traditionellt skrivande upplevs ge en större känsla av kontroll och reflektion, men kan vara mer tidskrävande och fysiskt ansträngande. Studien bidrar till en djupare förståelse av hur båda skrivmetoderna kan användas på ett balanserat sätt för att stödja elevers motivation och skrivutveckling
A two-track system: Police officer discretion in enforcement of personal use and possession of drugs in Sweden's zero-tolerance setting
No full textNational drug policies and legislation set the framework for the police's work against drugs. However, police officers use their discretion to implement policy into everyday drug law enforcement. This study is based on qualitative interviews with 19 police officers in Malmö, Sweden, with the aim of analyzing police officers’ views on and actions in relation to personal use and possession of drugs in a zero-tolerance drug policy setting. Our analysis focuses on three main areas: (1) police officers’ views on the criminalization of drug possession for personal use, (2) how they perceive and categorize people who use drugs (PWUD), and (3) how they apply discretion when handling complex cases, making decisions, and prioritizing enforcement actions. The results show that the police officers support the continued criminalization of minor drug offenses, motivated by a deterrence and prevention-based perspective and by a strategic use of the law to reach higher levels of drug market hierarchies. However, the police used categorization work to differentiate between user groups, resulting in an informal two-track system in which one leans toward de facto depenalization and harm reduction principles for marginalized PWUD and the other favors punitive interventions for youth and first-time offenders. The study also demonstrates how police discretion can involve uncertainty but also flexibility, allowing for more experience-based and context-sensitive judgments in the face of complex situations. Sweden constitutes an interesting case for studying how police officers relate to punitive drug policies. The study emphasizes the critical need to examine how drug policy unfolds locally, shaped by police culture and discretion in everyday practice. The way discretion is exercised can have a profound impact on the risks and opportunities faced by PWUD, with significant implications for both public health and justice outcomes
Attitude and Anxiety in MathematicsA qualitative study from the perspective of multilingual students
No full textMeaning(s) of a student perspective in mathematics education research
No full textThis systematic literature review explores meaning(s) of a student perspective in mathematics education research by investigating the intentionalities of research texts that use a student perspective. The study views research texts as being produced in and infuenced by the context and the discourses in which they are submerged. In exploring the meaning(s) of a student perspective in mathematics education research, we draw on Skovsmose’s intentionality interpretation of meaning. A total of 98 unique research texts were explored, resulting in three meanings of student perspectives in mathematics education research: ‘feelings, experiences, and views’, ‘evaluating interventions’ and ‘validating efects’. The results show that student perspectives in mathematics education research predominantly consisted of studies with the intentionalities of evaluation and validation having a “regular” student in mind. Perspectives from students with certain characteristics, like underserved students and students in diferent performance levels, are scarce. While the fndings might not be surprising, this literature review nonetheless calls for rethinking student perspectives in mathematics education research to include research with students that recognize students’ diverse backgrounds. We end the article by suggesting a desire-based research approach to seriously address students’ hopes, wishes, aspirations, and desires in mathematics education research.
Healthcare professional's management of the risk for postoperative urinary retention in hip surgery patients – a qualitative interview study
No full textBackground: Postoperative urine retention can lead to permanent bladder dysfunction. This occurs even though healthcare personnel can access evidence-based guidelines on avoiding urine bladder injuries related to care. Aim: This study aimed to describe healthcare professionals' experiences with, and strategies to avoid post-operative urinary retention among hip surgery patients. Method: A descriptive qualitative study using telephone interviews, were conducted in April to June 2021, with 22 healthcare professionals (13 nurses, 7 nursing assistants and 2 occupational therapists) in 17 orthopaedic wards in Sweden. Qualitative content analysis of interview data was performed. Results: Five categories were identified: "Knowledge about guidelines regarding bladder monitoring", "Understanding of patients' prehospital bladder function influences healthcare professionals' reasoning and actions", "Strategies are applied to make it easier for the patients to empty their bladder", "Indwelling catheter is used routinely" and "Short length of stay creates stress". Conclusion: To optimise safe patient bladder monitoring after hip surgery, health care professionals need to be more aware of the availability of guidelines about bladder monitoring to adopt consistent monitoring practices, and to have enough time to care for patients