Malmö University
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The Initial Treatment Plan Versus the Actually Performed Treatment of Patients With Temporomandibular Disorders in the First 6 Months After the Initial Visit
No full textBackground: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) can impact on daily life, and are therefore important to treat with a fitting therapy. However, the factors that may influence the received treatment remain unknown. Objectives: To investigate the deviation between the indicated and received TMD treatment, and to identify patient and clinician characteristics that could influence the received treatment and the deviation from indicated treatment. Methods: This retrospective cohort study collected data on the indicated and received treatment of 140 TMD patients. The treatment modalities were counselling, occlusal appliance (OA), physical therapy, psychological treatment, contingent electrical stimulation, ecological momentary assessment and medication. Potential predictors for receiving treatment and deviation from indicated treatment included patient-related factors such as TMD diagnosis, bruxism, psychosocial factors and clinician-related factors such as clinician's specialty level and experience. Results: A good to perfect agreement between indicated and received treatments was observed for all treatment (84.3%–100%), except psychological treatment (66.4%). Received OA was associated with having a pain diagnosis (OR [95% CI] = 2.596 [1.189, 5.669], p = 0.017). In addition, received physical therapy was significantly associated with a pain diagnosis (OR [95% CI] = 3.876 [1.401, 10.721], p = 0.009), awake bruxism (OR [95% CI] = 1.730 (1.112, 2.690), p = 0.015) and clinician's level–being staff (OR [95% CI] = 6.068 [1.729, 20.553], p = 0.016). Received psychological therapy was significantly associated with a pain diagnosis (OR [95% CI] = 4.013 [1.077, 14.951], p = 0.038), sleep bruxism (OR [95% CI] = 1.381 [1.041, 1.830], p = 0.025), and physical symptoms (OR [95% CI] = 2.578 [1.561, 4.259], p < 0.001). No significant predictors were found for deviation. Conclusion: Receiving TMD treatment was associated with both patient-related factors—such as a TMD diagnosis, bruxism and physical symptoms—and clinician-related factors, such as the clinician's level of experience
Contributing factors for a satisfying orofacial pain patient journey : a mixed-methods study
No full textBackground: Due to the many different underlying disorders causing orofacial pain, management of orofacial pain is a challenge. Many patients seek help from different healthcare providers during their patient journey. The primary aim of this study was to describe the physical and emotional patient journey of patients with orofacial pain. The secondary aim was to determine which personal factors may have contributed to number of healthcare providers visited and patient journey satisfaction. Methods: For this, a concurrent triangulation mixed methods design was used. Patients 18 years or older with orofacial pain who visited the Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction (OPD) clinic of the Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam were recruited. Participants filled out questionnaires regarding their patient journey, locus of control, readiness to change, catastrophizing, illness perception, and kinesiophobia. A linear regression analysis was performed to determine which factors were associated with the number of healthcare providers visited and the patient journey satisfaction. A subsample of participants was invited to an additional in-depth interview about their patient journey experiences. Results: A total of 102 participants visited an average of 2.7 healthcare providers before their visit to the OPD clinic. There was an association between patient satisfaction and readiness to change as well as internal locus of control, and between the number of healthcare providers visited and readiness to change, as well as illness perception and chance-related locus of control. Themes related to a satisfactory patient journey included clear communication, feeling taken seriously, and thinking along with the patient. Non-helpful factors were long wait times, financial factors, perceived lack of knowledge of the healthcare providers, and feeling helpless. Conclusions: The journey of patients with orofacial pain is complex, and the patient satisfaction could be improved by improving the efficiency and clear communication to patients
Handling Uncertainty When Seeking Care : How People with Disabilities Encounter and Manage Barriers Within Swedish Healthcare
No full textThis study uses a critical disability perspective to investigate how individuals with disabilities encounter and navigate uncertainties within the Swedish healthcare system. Previous research shows that healthcare professionals often lack specific knowledge about life with disabilities, leading to medical paternalism and the objectification of patients. To contribute to the body of knowledge, I apply a sociomaterial perspective, which understands these barriers as interwoven material and immaterial entities. By analyzing interviews with 15 individuals with disabilities, the significance of both material and immaterial aspects in shaping healthcare accessibility is highlighted. The interviews reveal that healthcare interactions often involve navigating various barriers, which can lead to significant health inequalities. The barriers are not isolated but interconnected, creating a complex landscape of inaccessibility, with the understanding that a more inclusive healthcare environment requires both structural changes and increased awareness among healthcare professionals about the specific needs of individuals with disabilities
The effect of stress on thermoelectric properties of flexible Mg3Bi2 thin films
No full textMechanically flexible thermoelectric materials are of importance for energy harvesting and powering portable and wearable devices. Stress is often disregarded in investigations of thermoelectric properties, despite the fact that it is increasingly important for flexible devices, given the known but often overlooked correlations between stress and physical properties. To investigate the effects of stress on the thermoelectric properties of Mg3Bi2, we synthesized thin films between ambient temperature and 190 °C using magnetron sputtering. Polymeric and ceramic substrates with a wide range of thermal expansion coefficients were used to grow thin films with varied thermal stress. The crystal structure, morphology, and transport properties of the films were explored. The results indicate that low to moderate stress is beneficial for the power factor, ranging from 0.2 to 152 μW m−1 K−2 at zero thermal stress and 46 MPa, respectively. This highlights the importance of stating stress with the thermoelectric results and could help explain the extensive scatter of literature values reported for the same thermoelectric systems
Kunskap i rörelse: En antologi om kunskap i socialtjänsten
No full textVad betyder det att socialtjänsten ska bygga på vetenskap och beprövad erfarenhet? Den frågan står i centrum för denna antologi, som belyser aktuella perspektiv på kunskapens roll i det sociala arbetet. Utifrån analyser av fokusgrupper med socialarbetare, brukare, chefer, politiker, forskare, lärosäten och nationella myndigheter tecknas en nyanserad bild av hur kunskap rör sig, förstås, värderas och används i socialtjänsten. I de nio kapitlen presenterar författarna vetenskapliga resultat, återger erfarenheter och lokala praktiker från socialtjänst och ger näring till reflektion om socialtjänstens arbete i dag. Resultatet visar både samsyn och stora skillnader mellan olika nivåer och aktörer – från klientnära arbete till statlig kunskapsstyrning. Boken vänder sig till studenter inom socialt arbete, forskare, yrkesverksamma socialarbetare, beslutsfattare och alla som är intresserade av hur kunskap kan bidra till en mer hållbar och rättssäker socialtjänst. Antologin är skriven inom ramen för Forskarskolan för yrkesverksamma i socialtjänsten, läs mer på forskarskolanfys.se
Comparative Analysis of Fracture Resistance in Endodontically Treated Molars Using Lithium Disilicate and Composite Overlays Versus Endocrowns
No full textStatement of Problem: Restoring extensively damaged, endodontically treated molars with an indirect restoration that both preserves and protects the remaining tooth structure is a significant challenge. Overlays and endocrowns offer a less invasive alternative compared to conventional crowns. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance and fracture patterns of molars restored with different materials and designs. Materials and Methods: This study involved 40 extracted human molars, which underwent endodontic root canal treatment and were divided into four groups: composite core build-up with pressed lithium disilicate overlay (OL) (n = 10); composite core build-up with milled composite overlay (OC) (n = 10); pressed lithium disilicate endocrown (EL) (n = 10); milled composite endocrown (EC) (n = 10). The teeth were subjected to thermocyclic loading (10,000 cycles between 5 and 55°C), followed by chewing simulation (0–50 N at 1.6 Hz for 600,000 cycles with a 10° inclination), another round of thermocyclic loading (10,000 cycles between 5 and 55°C), and finally, a fracture strength test (5 mm steel ball at a 10° inclination with a load rate of 0.5 mm/min). Afterwards methylene blue was used to stain any cracks or fracture lines in the teeth for microscopic evaluation. Results: The findings suggest that while the material type may not significantly impact fracture resistance or catastrophic fracture likelihood, the type of restoration (endocrown vs., overlay) is a crucial factor to consider. Conclusions: Clinicians should weigh the higher risk of catastrophic fractures associated with endocrowns when selecting restorative options for endodontically treated teeth. Clinical Implications: Overlays and endocrowns offer similar overall tooth fracture resistance, making both viable options for restoring endodontically treated molars. However, OLs may better withstand chewing forces and posed no risk of catastrophic tooth fractures, unlike ECs, which carry a higher tooth fracture risk
The scope and character of empirical studies on Swedish police 2010– 2024 – a scoping review
No full textPolice research is a matter of concern not only for academia and the police, but also for politics, policymakers, the public and society in general. Research on Swedish police and policing has been conducted for more than six decades, and several reviews of Swedish police research have been performed in the past. However, none have focussed exclusively on empirical research, and the scope and character of empirical studies has long been unclear. To contribute to fill this knowledge gap, and to facilitate an informed discussion on the current state of empirical evidence, gaps and future research agendas, we have conducted a scoping review of published research and grey literature reporting original results of empirical studies on Swedish police. Departing from the overarching research question What is the scope and character of empirical studies on Swedish police published between 2010 and 2024, and what changes can be discerned over time? we have examined empirical studies on Swedish police with a special focus on extent, topics of interest, broader research themes, methods, research actors and types of publications. The literature was located by systematic searches in bibliographic databases, targeted hand searches and requests to academic research environments. Utilising the software Covidence, selection of sources was conducted in two steps and a data extraction template was used to chart and extract the data. By paying close attention to specific research topics in the included studies, ten main themes emerged: Police organisation and profession; Collaboration; The police and the public; Maintenance of law and order; Criminal offences; Critical incidents and crisis management; Victims and witnesses; Social categories and the police; Environment and place; and Knowledge development. In this presentation we will give an overview of the scoping review results, and open for discussion on its potential application
Gender Representation in Video Games: : A Discourse Analysis of Aloy in Horizon: Forbidden West
No full textDenna studie undersöker hur kvinnliga karaktärers ansiktsuttryck och grimaser representeras i tv-spel, med fokus på protagonisten Aloy i Horizon Forbidden West (2022). Tidigare forskning har visat att kvinnliga karaktärer ofta framställs på ett tillrättalagt och återhållsamt sätt som begränsar deras emotionella uttryck något som riskerar att reproducera stereotypa föreställningar om kön. Genom en diskursanalys och genusläsning och med stöd i teorier från Erving Goffman (frontstage/backstage), Judith Butler (gender performance) och Paul Ekman (FACS), analyseras hur Aloys ansiktsuttryck bryter mot de mönster som länge präglat actionspel. Resultaten visar att Aloys mimik präglas av variation, intensitet och ofiltrerade uttryck som ofta saknas hos andra kvinnliga tv-spelskaraktärer. Hon framställs inte bara med polerade och kontrollerade uttryck utan tillåts även visa känslor som sorg, ilska, fysisk ansträngning och sårbarhet på ett sätt som bidrar till en mer realistisk och mänsklig gestaltning. Detta gör att spelaren konfronteras med hennes känslor snarare än att hålla en bekväm distans vilket i sin tur skapar en starkare inlevelse. Studien visar även hur dessa uttryck utmanar rådande diskurser om kön och makt i spelvärlden. Genom att bryta med genusnormer och skönhetsideal öppnas möjligheter för mer nyanserade representationer av kvinnliga protagonister. För framtida spelutvecklare pekar resultaten på vikten av att våga skildra karaktärer som inte enbart upprätthåller en hjältefasad, utan som är ofullkomliga, tvivlande och känslomässigt engagerande. På så sätt kan spel erbjuda ett rikare narrativ, djupare spelupplevelser och bidra till en mer jämställd och relevant spelkultur. Medieproduktionen: Detta arbete består av en animerad boktrailer och en designdokumentation som tillsammans utforskar hur visuellt berättande kan väcka barns intresse för läsning. Trailern är en filmisk tolkning av berättelsen Jakten på Birksvärdet – Slaget om Allemansrätten, där illustration, animation, ljud och berättarröst används för att skapa en engagerande och fantasifull upplevelse. Designdokumentationen beskriver och reflekterar över de kreativa valen, designprocessen och hur produktionen kopplas till teorier om barns läsintresse och visuellt berättande.
Between tradition and renewal : The development of songrepertoire in preschool
No full textSångsamling är en av de vanligaste musikaktiviteterna i förskolan, men forskning visar att sångrepertoaren ofta stagnerar och präglas av traditionella barnvisor som återanvänds år efter år. Samtidigt upplever många pedagoger osäkerhet kring sin musikaliska kompetens vilket påverkar både musikens innehåll och funktion i verksamheten. Ur ett förskolepedagogiskt perspektiv tar studien sin utgångspunkt i att förstå sångens roll och betydelse i förskolans verksamhet. Mot denna bakgrund är studiens syfte, inom ett förskolepedagogiskt perspektiv, att kartlägga och analysera sång i förskolan samt undersöka hur pedagoger förnyar sin sångrepertoar. Studien utgår från musikdidaktisk teori och bygger på en enkätundersökning med kombinerad kvantitativ och kvalitativ ansats där teorin utgör resurs för analys och tolkning av det empiriska materialet. Resultatet visar att sången i förskolan präglas av både kontinuitet och begränsning, där traditionellt förankrade barnvisor dominerar. Sången används främst som medel för att främja språk och social utveckling, medan musikens egenvärde framträder i mindre utsträckning. Pedagogers musikaliska självsäkerhet och tillgång till resurser påverkar i hög grad sångrepertoarens förnyelse. Resultatet sätter ljus på behovet av en fördjupad musikdidaktisk medvetenhet och förutsättningar för att utveckla en mer mångsidig och inkluderande sångrepertoar i förskolan.
Designing with relationalities : Interweaving human and more-than-human approaches
No full textThis workshop explores the interweaving of human and non-human relationalities through noticing strategies that decenter the anthropocentric perspective. As a starting point, we propose to examine our position of humans as interconnected and entangled with more-than-humans, problematising how this perspective could reshape human-centred methods and practices. We intend to elaborate on how our being in the world –co-shaped by non-human entities– can be experienced through embodying other (human or non-human) perspectives. We thereby explore noticing as a method and start tackling the following questions: How do designers relate in the design process to other humans and non-humans? How does decentring the human perspective lead to noticing emerging relations? What is a designer’s responsibility when designing with/through/for relations