Malmö University
Not a member yet
35467 research outputs found
Sort by
Equality of specialist orthodontic care for adolescents in the Swedish public dental service : a cohort study
No full textBackground: In Sweden, dental care for children and adolescents, including specialist orthodontic treatment, is publicly funded. This study aims to analyze the impact of sociodemographic factors on the distribution of publicly funded specialist orthodontic treatment in a mid-sized Swedish region. Methods: A registry-based cohort study was conducted in Region Östergötland, including individuals born between 2000 and 2003. Sociodemographic data were obtained from Statistics Sweden (SCB), while dental health information was sourced from The Swedish Quality Registry for Caries and Periodontal Disease (SKaPa). The primary outcome variable was initiation of specialist orthodontic treatment, extracted from dental records. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata v.18.1. Results: The cohort comprised 16 893 individuals, with 51.5% males and 48.5% females. Specialist orthodontic treatment was initiated for 25.7% of the population (n = 4 342), with most treatments involving fixed appliances. Several sociodemographic factors were significantly associated with the likelihood of receiving orthodontic treatment. Females had 1.74 times higher odds (95% CI: 1.63–1.87) of receiving treatment compared to males. Individuals born in Sweden had 1.42 times greater odds (95% CI: 1.18–1.72) of receiving treatment compared to those born abroad. Similarly, children with Swedish-born parents had 1.16 times increased odds (95% CI: 1.04–1.30) compared to children with foreign-born parents. Children of mothers with university/college education had an OR of 1.29 (95% CI: 1.12–1.48), while those whose fathers had a university/college education had an OR of 1.19 (95% CI: 1.05–1.34), compared to parents with primary/lower secondary education. Conclusions: Males, individuals born outside Sweden, those with foreign born parents, and whose parents had lower educational levels were less likely to receive orthodontic treatment within the publicly funded dental health services in Region Östergötland. These findings suggest that sociodemographic factors influenced the distribution of orthodontic care, though the role of treatment demand requires further investigation
Analysing and Mitigating Vulnerabilities in a Metasploitable Environment
No full textCybercrime is a growing issue in today’s fast-paced technological society. Systems all over the world become compromised due to weak security, bad configurations and public ignorance of digital hygiene. This can lead to financial losses or breach of integrity, which concerns civilian, corporate and state entities. This problem is especially common in small/medium organizations, which often lack resources and/or awareness to fulfill an adequate level of security in their digital systems. This study aims to identify and analyze common vulnerabilities within digital systems. Previous research has been done on vulnerability assessment methodologies, and experimentations that replicate specific real-world systems, but there is a gap in the research relating to general vulnerability assessments and how they relate to SMEs. The objective of this study is to investigate common cybersecurity vulnerabilities in SMEs and provide awareness related to cybersecurity practices and recommend practical mitigation strategies to counteract the identified vulnerabilities. The method used in this study consists of a combination of a Systematic Literature Review, including case studies from real security incidents, and hands-on experimentation with a Metasploitable 3 machine, which will be used to produce a comprehensive report which enables this study to provide a better understanding of cybersecurity for the public. Some technical tools in the experimentation include Nmap, SQLMap, Burp Suite, and Metasploit. The results of the experimentation revealed vulnerabilities in several areas of the system, including SQL Injection vulnerabilities, publicly accessible ports, outdated software, and credential reuse. The results also revealed how vulnerabilities were linked, where being able to exploit a single vulnerability facilitated the exploitation of other vulnerabilities. In some cases this meant being able to exploit internal services and compromise protected data without the need of performing complex penetration testing. The investigation and results of this study will help raise awareness and understanding of cybersecurity for small and medium-sized organizations.Cyberbrottslighet är ett växande problem i dagens teknologiska samhälle. System världen över blir äventyrade på grund av svag säkerhet, otillräckliga konfigurationer och allmän ignorans gällande digital hygien. Detta kan leda till finansiella förluster eller kränkning av integritet, vilket påverkar enskilda personer, verksamheter och statliga myndigheter. Detta problem är särskilt förekommande i små och medelstora företag, som ofta saknar resurser och/eller vetskap för att upprätthålla en tillräckligt säker miljö i deras digitala system. Den här studien syftar till att identifiera och analysera vanligt förekommande sårbarheter inom digitala system. Tidigare forskning har utövats gällande sårbarhetsbedömningsmetoder och experiment som speglar specifika verkliga system, men det finns ett forskningsgap när det kommer till allmänna sårbarhetsbedömningsmetoder och hur de relateras till små och medelstora företag. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vanligt förekommande cybersäkerhetssårbarheter i små och medelstora företag, öka medvetenheten om cybersäkerhetspraxis samt rekommendera praktiska åtgärdsstrategier för att motverka de identifierade sårbarheterna. Metodiken som används i denna studie består av en kombination av en systematisk litteraturstudie, som bland annat innefattar fallstudier från verkliga säkerhetsincidenter, samt praktiska experiment med en Metasploit 3-maskin, som kommer att användas för att producera en omfattande rapport som tillåter denna studie att kunna förse en bättre förståelse för cybersäkerhet för allmänheten. Några tekniska verktyg från experimenten inkluderar Nmap, SQLMap, Burp Suite samt Metasploit. Resultaten från experimenten avslöjade sårbarheter inom flera områden av systemet, bland annat SQL-injektion, publikt exponerade portar, utdaterad programvara och återanvändning av kontouppgifter. Resultaten visar även hur sårbarheterna hänger ihop, där utnyttjandet av en sårbarhet möjliggör det att utnyttja andra sårbarheter. I vissa fall innebar detta att utnyttjandet av interna tjänster och data utan komplexa penetrationstester. Den här studiens utredning och resultat kommer öka medvetenheten och förståelsen för cybersäkerhet i små och medelstora företag
The Role of Patterns in Brand Identity : A Semiotic Analysis of Luxury and Premium Brands with an application to Noa Noa
No full textThis bachelor’s thesis explores how patterns function as semiotic markers in brand identity, with a focus on luxury and premium fashion brands. Through a semiotic analysis of selected pattern designs and branding strategies, the study identifies key visual and symbolic elements that communicate exclusivity and heritage. These insights are applied in a design project for Noa Noa, a Danish mid-price fashion brand with a romantic identity. The aim was to create a new pattern rooted in the brand’s history, yet adapted for a contemporary context. The project integrates theoretical frameworks such as brand heritage and iconic branding, combined with interviews, observations, and content analysis of archival material. The outcome demonstrates how strategic use of patterns can strengthen brand recognition and cultural value, even outside the luxury segment
Female and Male Representation in Fitness Magazines : Applying a Male Gender Coding to Women
No full textThis thesis examines how gender norms are visualized in commercial fitness magazines and what happens when design codes traditionally associated with masculinity are applied to women. The work combines theoretical research with a practical design project in the form of a prototype: GRIT magazine. The study is based on recurring visual stereotypes where women are often portrayed as passive and appearance-focused, while men are represented as active and performance-oriented. Through a semiotic analysis with the support of theories by Goffman, Hall, Rose and Jarlbro, four fitness magazines are analyzed. The results show clear differences in how women and men are portrayed, not only in body language and camera angles but also in color choices, typography and layout. Based on the analysis, a prototype is designed where female models are represented through masculine visual design codes. The study shows together with the prototype that re-imaging can challenge gender norms and open up alternative ways of visualizing women in fitness contexts. The work contributes to the field of graphic design knowledge by highlighting how design both reflects and shapes ideas about gender and how graphic expression can be used as a norm-critical tool
Graphic Design for Peace : A comparative visual rhetorical analysis of anti-war
No full textIn a time when armed conflicts are increasing globally and the Western anti-war movement's visibility is declining, peace discussions are overshadowed by narratives on how wars should be won. This thesis explores the role of graphic design in promoting dialogue about peace and encouraging action. Through a comparative visual rhetorical analysis of anti-war posters from the Vietnam War and the ongoing war in Gaza, the study examines how graphic design, rhetorical strategies, and the concept of empowerment are used to engage viewers. Findings show that posters from both conflicts rely heavily on pathos to evoke emotional responses. However, Vietnam posters are more tied to concrete calls to action, such as protests and organizations, whereas Gaza posters emphasize solidarity and identity but offer fewer direct pathways. The analysis also reveals that none of the posters fulfill all three aspects of empowerment, suggesting the so-called awareness-to-action gap remains a relevant challenge
Strategies for Newly Graduated Nurses to Manage their First Employment : A qualitative literature review
No full textPrytz, A. & Romero Segura, D. Strategier för nyexaminerade sjuksköterskor att hantera sin förstaanställning. En kvalitativ litteraturstudie. Examensarbete i omvårdnad, 15 högskolepoäng. Malmöuniversitet: Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2025. Bakgrund:Övergången från sjuksköterskeutbildning till första anställning utgör en utmanande periodsom kännetecknas av höga krav, osäkerhet och begränsad klinisk erfarenhet. Nyexamineradesjuksköterskor förväntas snabbt anpassa sig till arbetsmiljön, vilket kan leda till stress och ivissa fall att individer lämnar yrket tidigt. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var attundersöka strategier som nyexaminerade sjuksköterskor använder för att hantera sin förstaanställning. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats. Ensystematisk litteratursökning genomfördes i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Tio artiklarvaldes ut och kvalitetsgranskades enligt SBU:s granskningsmall för kvalitativ forskning.Analysen genomfördes med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Tre kategorieridentifierades: Vikten av stöd och mentorskap, Främjande av trygghet och kompetens samtEn trygg arbetsmiljö med en stödjande och inkluderande arbetsplatskultur. Inom dessa lyftesstöd från handledare, stöd från kollegor, praktisk träning, reflektion och stöd som centralafaktorer. Även strategier för att lära sig hantera stress lyftes fram som betydelsefulla för attförebygga utmattning och skapa trygghet i yrkesrollen. Konklusion: Struktureradestödinsatser i form av handledning, reflektion och en trygg arbetsmiljö är avgörande för attnyexaminerade sjuksköterskor ska kunna utvecklas professionellt. Det finns behov av attimplementera långsiktiga stödstrukturer och att stärka arbetet med att lära sig hantera stress ivårdorganisationer.Prytz, A. & Romero Segura, D. Strategies for Newly Graduated Nurses to Manage Their FirstEmployment. A Qualitative Literature Review. Degree project in Nursing, 15 högskolepoäng. MalmöUniversity: Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Care Science, 2025. Background: Thetransition from nursing education to the first employment represents a demanding phase,characterized by high expectations, uncertainty, and limited clinical experience. Newlygraduated nurses are expected to quickly adapt to their professional roles, which may lead tostress and, in some cases, early exit from the profession. Aim: The aim of this literaturereview was to explore strategies used by newly graduated nurses to manage their firstemployment. Method: This study was conducted as a qualitative literature review. Asystematic search was performed in the databases CINAHL and PubMed. Ten articles wereselected and quality assessed using the SBU checklist for qualitative research. Data wereanalyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Three main categories were identified:The importance of support and mentorship, Enhancing safety and competence, and A safeworking environment with a supportive and inclusive workplace culture. These includedaspects such as preceptorship, support, practical training and reflection. Stress managementstrategies also emerged as important in preventing exhaustion and promoting professionalconfidence. Conclusion: Structured support through preceptorship, reflection, and a safe workenvironment is essential for newly graduated nurses to grow into their professional role.There is a need to implement long-term support systems and improve efforts related to stressmanagement within healthcare organizations
The Inviisibility of Domestic Violence : A Feminist Legal Critique of the Public/Private Divide in UK Asylum Law
No full textThis thesis examines how the public/private divide in UK asylum law shapes the legal recognition of domestic violence as a ground for protection, answering the question: How does the public/private divide in UK asylum law shape the legal recognition of domestic violence as grounds for asylum? Drawing on feminist legal theory, which critiques the ways legal reasoning marginalises violence occurring in private spaces. Using doctrinal analysis, the study evaluates three recent unreported Upper Tribunal cases involving women seeking asylum based on domestic violence. The findings reveal barriers in how tribunals assess state protection, credibility, and internal relocation, leading to discounting lived experiences of gender-based violence. Although domestic violence is recognised under the Refugee Convention, its treatment in asylum law remains inconsistent and shaped by structural gender inequality. This thesis argues for a pattern that tribunals reinforce the public/private divide by treating private violence as less deserving of legal recognition
From identification to support: : The special education teacher´s work with students in mathematical difficulties and the school´s support structures
No full textStudien förväntas bidra med fördjupad kunskap om speciallärarens roll i identifieringen av elever i matematiksvårigheter och hur skolors stödstrukturer kan utvecklas för en mer inkluderande undervisning. Den kan bidra till att utforma gemensamma rutiner för tidig upptäckt av matematiksvårigheter, tydliggöra speciallärarens roll i skolans utvecklingsarbete samt främja samverkan och individanpassade stödinsatser. Syftet är att undersöka sex speciallärares roll i att identifiera matematiksvårigheter och analysera hur skolors systematiska kvalitetsarbete kring stödinsatser struktureras och genomförs. Frågeställningarna fokuserar på hur identifieringsprocessen beskrivs av sex speciallärare samt hur planering, genomförande och uppföljning av stödinsatser organiseras. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt är Bronfenbrenners utvecklingsekologiska modell, som använts för att analysera hur individens utveckling påverkas av samverkan mellan olika nivåer. En kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer har använts och materialet har analyserats med tematisk analys, där fyra huvudteman identifierades: identifiering, kartläggning, stödinsatsernas organisering samt skolans strukturella förutsättningar. Studiens resultat visar att identifieringen av elever i matematiksvårigheter sker genom en kombination av screening, kartläggning, observationer och professionella bedömningar, men att rutinerna varierar mellan skolor. Specialläraren har en nyckelroll i såväl identifiering som genomförande och samordning av stödinsatser, men arbetet kan försvåras av bristande samverkan, otydlig ansvarsfördelning och begränsade resurser. Studien belyser hur organisatoriska faktorer, såsom skolledningens prioriteringar, tillgång till specialpedagogisk kompetens och tydliga rutiner, påverkar möjligheterna att genomföra framgångsrika och individanpassade stödinsatser. Studiens specialpedagogiska implikationer belyser speciallärarens roll med inriktning mot matematikutveckling i arbetet med elever i matematiksvårigheter. Resultaten visar att för att skapa en likvärdig och inkluderande undervisning behöver skolor utveckla strukturer för samverkan, tydlig ansvarsfördelning och systematisk uppföljning av stödinsatser. The study is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of the special education teacher’s role in identifying students with mathematics difficulties and how schools’ support structures can be developed for more inclusive teaching. It may aid in the design of shared routines for the early detection of mathematics difficulties, clarify the special education teacher’s role in school development work, and promote collaboration and individualized support measures. The purpose is to investigate the role of six special education teachers in identifying mathematics difficulties and to analyze how schools' systematic quality work regarding support measures is structured and implemented. The research questions focus on how the identification process is described by six special education teachers, as well as how the planning, implementation, and follow-up of support measures are organized. The study’s theoretical framework is Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, which is used to analyze how an individual’s development is influenced by interactions across different levels. A qualitative approach was applied using semi-structured interviews, and the data was analyzed through thematic analysis, identifying four main themes: identification, mapping, organization of support measures, and the school’s structural conditions. The results show that the identification of students with mathematics difficulties is carried out through a combination of screening, mapping, observations, and professional assessments, although routines vary between schools. The special education teacher plays a key role in both the identification and the implementation and coordination of support measures. However, this work may be hindered by a lack of collaboration, unclear allocation of responsibilities, and limited resources. The study highlights how organizational factors, such as the priorities of school leadership, access to special education expertise, and clear routines, affect the ability to carry out successful and individualized support measures. Its implications for special education emphasize the role of the special education teacher with a focus on mathematics development in working with students facing mathematics difficulties. The results indicate that in order to create equitable and inclusive teaching, schools need to develop structures for collaboration, clear division of responsibilities, and systematic follow-up of support efforts
Pupils’ Voices on the Indoor Environment in the Leisure-Time Center
No full textUtifrån egna erfarenheter från verksamhetsförlagd utbildning (VFU) har vi uppmärksammat att miljön ofta utformas för barnen och inte tillsammans med barnen. Vi anser att det är viktigt att fritidshemmets utformning inte bara är avsedd för barnen, utan också tar hänsyn till deras perspektiv när miljön utvecklas, detta för att öka deras engagemang och trivsel. För att få en förståelse för detta ville vi få reda på hur eleverna själva upplever det. För att få reda på detta ställde vi följande frågor: Vilka möjligheter och hinder upplever eleverna finns i fritidshemmets inomhusmiljö för aktiviteter och trivsel? och Hur uppger eleverna att fritidshemmets inomhusmiljö kan förbättras? Vid insamlandet av empiri genomförde vi kvalitativa intervjuer. Sammantaget genomförde vi fem individuella intervjuer och en gruppintervju med tre deltagare, i årskurs 3. Resultatet vi fick av den insamlade empirin från intervjuerna visar vikten av inflytande för eleverna. Resultatet visar också vikten av att förbättra rummens estetik. Vid analysen av resultaten användes det teoretiska ramverket barndomssociologi, med centrala begrepp såsom barns perspektiv, tolkande reproduktion och institutionaliserad barndom.
Between Legal Obligation and Political Discretion: A Comparative Study of Arms Export Control in Germany and the Netherlands
No full text This thesis presents a primarily legal analysis of the divergent judicial outcomes in Germany and the Netherlands concerning arms exports to Israel following the escalation of violence in October 2023. Through a comparative case study approach, it examines how both countries, despite sharing international and EU legal obligations, arrived at fundamentally different rulings on the permissibility of continued arms transfers. The analysis examines the legal frameworks governing arms exports, specifically the Arms Trade Treaty, the EU Common Position, and national laws, investigating how they are interpreted and applied within each country. The thesis relies on doctrinal and comparative legal methods, supplemented by a critical legal theoretical lens that interrogates how legal discretion and the margin of appreciation shape the implementation of international norms. It argues that these mechanisms play a decisive role in mediating legal accountability and explain how states can adopt legally divergent positions while formally adhering to the same supranational obligations