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Multi-material stainless steel fabrication using plasma wire arc additive manufacturing
No full textLayered stainless steel samples were manufactured using Plasma Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing by depositing alternating layers of two dissimilar stainless steels onto an AISI 316L substrate. The selected materials were the M430 ferritic and M316L austenitic stainless steels. Comprehensive microstructural characterization in different areas, including interfaces between the two different materials, was achieved through optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. Results revealed good weldability among the two-layered steels and on the substrate. Also, a gradient duplex structure was observed mainly at the layer interfaces, suggesting a nuanced blending of properties in the deposited zone. To establish a direct correlation with mechanical properties in the observed structures, macro and micro-hardness tests were conducted along the cross-section. These tests evidenced the presence of a harder phase along the interface compared to the individual materials. The microstructural analysis corroborated the presence of mixing between phases in conjunction with some areas of delta ferrite. CC-BY 4.0This research was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain [project reference EQC2019-006374-P], Junta de Andalucía, Spain [research group INNANOMAT ref. TEP-946], and the University of Cadiz’s, Spain Support and Stimulus Plan for Research and Transfer 2022–2023. Co-funding from UE, Spain is also acknowledged. L. Segovia-Guerrero acknowledges the grant ‘Proyecto Singular UCA-SEA-3’ from UCA. M. de Nicolás-Morillas acknowledges the economic support of the Spanish Government [Agencia Estatal de Investigación], Spain and the European Union through the ‘Margarita Salas’ grant.</p
The Effect of Niobium Addition on the Operational and Metallurgical Behavior of Fe-Cr-C Hardfacing Deposited by Shielded Metal Arc Welding
No full textHardfacing is commonly used in parts recovery and in obtaining surfaces with improved properties. Within this field, it is important to analyze the effect of alloying elements on the properties of the deposited layers. One of the critical parameters affecting alloying performances in SMAW is improper arc length. This article examines the effect of the addition of niobium in different quantities (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% by weight) to the electrode coating in Fe-Cr-C shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), with short and long arc lengths, on the operational process efficiency, dilution, arc energy, microstructure, and microhardness of the deposited layers. A decrease in operational process efficiency and dilution was found with increases in niobium content. On the other hand, it was found that adding niobium leads to a refinement in chromium carbide sizes, directly affecting the hardness of the obtained deposits. There is a direct relationship between the arc energy, with both short and long arc lengths, leading to a tendency to decrease the dilution in the obtained hardfacing. CC-BY 4.0 This research was funded by Ministry of Science and Technology, Colombia, and Colcienciasthrough call 6172 and through the national call for support for the development of postgraduatetheses or final specialization projects in the health area, from the Universidad Nacional of Colombia,2017–2018.</p
A Novel Depth-Connected Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network for Small Defect Detection in Additive Manufacturing
No full textDefect detection on the computed tomography (CT) images plays an important role in the development of metallic additive manufacturing (AM). Although some deep learning techniques have been adopted in the CT image-based defect detectionproblem, it is still a challenging task to accurately detect small-size defects in the presence of undesirable noises. In this paper,a novel defect detection method, namely, the depth-connected region-based convolutional neural network (DC-RCNN), is proposed to detect small defects and reduce the influence of noises. In particular, a saliency-guided region proposal method is first developed to generate small-size region proposals with the aim to accommodate the small defects. Then, the main architecture of DC-RCNN is proposed to extract and connect the consistent features across multiple frames, thereby reducing the influence of randomly distributed noises. Moreover, the transfer learning technique is utilized to improve the generalization ability of the proposed DC-RCNN. In order to verify the effectiveness and superiority, the proposed method is applied to the real-world AM data for defect detection. The experimental validations show that the proposed DC-RCNN is able to detect the small-size defects under noises and outperforms the original RCNN method in terms of detection accuracy and running time.CC BY 4.0</p
Språkutvecklande tvåspråkig läsning av skönlitteratur på SFI
No full textVikten av effektiv språkundervisning för vuxna utrikesfödda är högaktuell via regeringens förslag om tidsbegränsning av SFI och Skolinspektionens (2024) rapport om undervisningens brister. Forskning med transspråkande ansats visar hur förstaspråket kan gynna andraspråksutveckling (Mörnerud, 2010 m fl), men studier inom vuxenutbildning pekar mot en monolingvistisk norm (Norlund Shaswar, 2020; Rosén & Lundgren, 2021).Detta tvåspråkiga läsprojekt belyser problematik kring studievillkor och brist på översatt vuxenlitteratur. Samtidigt prövas ny metodik baserad på såväl litteracitet (Luke & Freebody, 1999; Skerrett, 2015), flerspråkighetsforskning (Garcia, 2011, m fl) och litteraturdidaktisk teori (Langer, 1995/2017; Paran, 2008). I litterariseringsprogram för andraspråksinlärare har tvåspråkig läsning använts länge inom genrepedagogik nationellt och internationellt (Wedin et al, 2018; Ramirez, 2020), men beträffande läsning av skönlitteratur har lättläst dominerat inom vuxenutbildning nationellt. Dock riskerar textformen i lättläst att fördröja språk- och läsutveckling (Lundberg & Reichenberg, 2008; Reichenberg, 2014). Läsprojektets syfte är att undersöka huruvida tvåspråkig läsning av skönlitteratur blir språkutvecklande för andraspråksinlärare med olika studiebakgrund. Forskningsfrågor rör hur vuxna andraspråksinlärare erfar tvåspråksläsning av skönlitteratur, hur lärare på vuxenutbildning erfar att tvåspråksläsning påverkar språk- och litteracitetsutveckling samt hur lärare anpassar sin undervisning utifrån målgrupp. Tidigare forskning visar att vuxnaslitteracitetspraktiker bortses från i undervisningen (Wilinger, 2021), trots att litteraturläsninggynnar ordförrådet (Duncan & Webb, 2019), språkutveckling (Yang, 2001) samt ger betydelseskapande litteracitetspraktiker (Walldén, 2020).Vår studiedesign baseras på fokusgruppsintervjuer av andraspråksinlärare, individuella intervjuer av lärare samt läsjournaler. Resultaten tyder på språk- och litteracitetsutveckling, ökat läsintresse, utvecklad metalingvistisk medvetenhet, ökat talflytmen också hur låg litteracitet på modersmålet innebär stora utmaningar.
Anxiety among children a year after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic : a Brazilian cross-sectional online survey
No full textAim: This study seeks to build upon a prior investigation into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety among Brazilian children, along with its associated factors, one year after the commencement of the pandemic. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: A survey was conducted from April–May 2021 in Brazil. Children aged 6–12 and their guardians from five Brazilian regions were included. The Children’s Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ; scores 4–12) and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS; scores 0–10) were used to measure anxiety. Results: Of the 906 children, 53.3% were girls (average age = 8.79 ± 2.05 years). Mothers responded for 87.1% of the children, and 70.9% were from the Southeast region. Based on a CAQ score of ≥9 and an NRS score of ≥8, the anxiety prevalence was 24.9 and 34.9%, respectively. Using logistic regression, a CAQ ≥9 score was associated with older children and children with chronic disease or disability. An NRS score of ≥8 was associated with reduced family income during the pandemic, the person caring for the children, and with children with chronic disease or disability. Conclusion: These findings suggest the need to implement public health actions aimed at children with chronic diseases and disabilities and their parents to guide them regarding the warning signs and negative emotions. This study contributes to characterizing the evolution of the pandemic in Brazil and provides a basis for comparison with the literature from other countries.CC-BY 4.0The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), grant number 21/01092–2.</p
Music-specialized teachers’ reasoning on music practice in preschool : Music knowledge, courage, and visions
No full textAccording to the Swedish curriculum (SKOLFS 2018, p. 50), preschool teachers bear the responsibility for teaching and incorporating music into preschool practice. However, due to limited time dedicated to music in preschool teacher education, teachers specialized in music play a critical role as valuable resources in practice. Existing music education research has focused predominantly on music in preschool from the perspectives of preschool teachers and students, rather than specifically examining a group of teachers specialized in music. Hence, this study aims to explore and discuss how teachers specialized in music approach music practice within preschool settings. The study adopts an educational philosophy and music didaktik perspective in analyzing focus group discussions with teachers specialized in music. The results reveal that music knowledge focuses on craftsmanship, courage, and visions for the music specialist. Alternative combinations of theoretical perspectives shed light on a complex and intertwined practice with shifting emphases.CC-BY 4.0</p
IT-security, in the hands of a doctor
No full textAs cyberattacks against healthcare increase, it becomes important for healthcare caregivers to maintain robust IT security to protect patient data. Previous research has shown that gaps in employees' awareness of IT security, insufficient guidelines and policies, and outdated digital tools often lead to healthcare personnel using risky workarounds. One such workaround is the use of personal devices in daily work. This qualitative study explores doctors’ awareness of IT security as well as their attitudes and experiences regarding the use of personal devices within healthcare. Through a literature review and individual interviews, data has been collected and analyzed to highlight key aspects of IT security and Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) in healthcare settings. The results reveal deficiencies in IT security training, the need for reliable digital tools, and the prevalence of workarounds in daily work. The conclusions emphasize the importance of continuous IT security training, adapted digital technology, and clear guidelines for the use of personal devices. Suggestions for further research include conducting a quantitative study on doctors’ awareness of IT security nationwide in Sweden and investigations into how hospital administrations manage guidelines regarding personal devices. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of IT security and BYOD in healthcare and highlights important areas for further improvements and ongoing research
Learning and collegial support in public citizen services : A qualitative study on education, knowledge sharing, and digital tools in a government agency
No full textOrganisationer genomgår stora förändringar och i en tid av snabb digitalisering står offentliga organisationer inför utmaningen att anpassa sig till en allt mer digitaliserad värld. Digitaliseringen påverkar lärandet och lärandemiljöer och det krävs nya kompetenser och förändringar i arbetssättet och strukturer. Lärandet spelar en avgörande roll i denna omställning speciellt i kunskapsintensiva organisationer där medarbetarna utgör den viktigaste resursen. Medarbetarna behöver utveckla sina digitala färdigheter och anpassa sig till förändringarna. Dessa förändringar inkluderar arbetsuppgifterna såsom digitala möten och digitala verktyg. Lärandet i organisationer är en viktig del av medarbetarnas arbetsliv. Enligt studier förekommer lärandet på olika nivåer och innefattar organisatoriskt lärande, grupporienterat lärande samt individorienterat lärande. Detta medför att organisationer behöver ha välutformade strategier och kunskapssystem för att kunna främja och skapa förutsättningar för lärandet. Lärandet och det kollegiala stödet inom medborgarservice är avgörande för att främja både den individuella och organisationens utveckling. Genom kollegialt stöd och samarbete kan medarbetare dela med sig kunskaper och erfarenheter. Detta medför att det skapas en miljö där medarbetare känner sig trygga att dela sina tankar kring lärandet och utvecklingen med övriga medarbetare både inom organisationen och över organisationsgränserna. Empirin visar att utbildning och lärande är centrala aspekter inom myndighetsservice. Det krävs kontinuerligt lärandet och fortbildning. Vidare visar empirin att supporten från samarbetsmyndigheterna är ovärderlig för att erbjuda kunderna högkvalitativ service. Dessutom visar empirin att medarbetare lär sig mest i interaktion med varandra. Sammanfattningsvis fokuserar denna studie på lärandet och det kollegiala stödet inom statlig medborgarservice med särskild uppmärksamhet på individorienterat, grupporienterat och organisatoriskt lärande. Utöver detta diskuteras den situerade teorin som uppmärksammar lärandet i en kontext, det vill säga lärandet genom praktiskt arbete och interaktion med andra. Lärandet påverkas av faktorer som digitala verktyg, kommunikation och flexibilitet. I en tid där medarbetarnas arbetsuppgifter inkluderar digitala kundmöten är det viktigt att förstå hur dessa aspekter påverkar lärandet och hur organisationen kan främja en effektiv och givande lärmiljö. Organizations are undergoing significant changes, and in a time of rapid digitalization, public organizations face the challenge of adapting to an increasingly digital world. Digitalization affects learning and learning environments, requiring new skills and changes in work methods and structures. Learning plays a crucial role in this transition, especially in knowledge-intensive organizations where employees are the most important resource. Employees need to develop their digital skills and adapt to changes, such as tasks that include digital meetings and digital tools. Learning in organizations is an essential part of employees' work lives. According to studies, learning occurs at various levels and includes organizational learning, group-oriented learning, and individualoriented learning. This necessitates that organizations have well-designed strategies and knowledge systems to promote and create conditions for learning. Learning and collegial support within citizen services are crucial for promoting both individual and organizational development. Through collegial support and collaboration, employees can share knowledge and experiences. This creates an environment where employees feel secure in sharing their thoughts on learning and development with other colleagues both within the organization and across organizational boundaries. Empirical evidence shows that education and learning are central aspects within public services. Continuous learning and further training are required. Moreover, the evidence shows that support from partner agencies is invaluable for providing customers with high-quality service. Additionally, empirical evidence indicates that employees learn the most through interaction with each other. In summary, this study focuses on learning and collegial support within state citizen services, with particular attention to individual-oriented, group-oriented, and organizational learning. Furthermore, the situated theory, which emphasizes learning in context, i.e., learning through practical work and interaction with others, is discussed. Learning is influenced by factors such as digital tools, communication, and flexibility. In an era where employees' tasks include digital customer meetings, it is important to understand how these aspects affect learning and how the organization can promote an effective and rewarding learning environment.
Cybersecurity : Between knowledge and behaviour : A qualitative study on Swedish university students' cybersecurity awareness and risk behaviours
No full textSwedish society and the world at large have moved towards a digital direction characterized by innovation and development, which has provided mankind with ease and comfort. Despite these positive aspects of digitalization there has grown criminal and dark elements designated to take advantage of the vulnerabilities that which digitalization brings. This raises questions of IT security and what role this has under the current digitalization of society. Humans within companies make up a weak link regarding cybersecurity and students are an attractive target for IT attackers. It therefore has been relevant to study the cybersecurity awareness among Swedish university students. To conduct this, Swedish students within IT and computer science have been contacted and through a qualitative approach the student’s thoughts and perception have been analyzed by semi-structured interviews. The results show that the students have a decent awareness of cybersecurity and know of the most common attacks within an individual level. The result also shows that many of the students previously have been afflicted by an IT attack which has been a reason for increased cybersecurity awareness and safe behavior.Det svenska samhället och världen i stort har rört sig mot en digitaliserad riktning som karaktäriseras av innovation och utveckling, vilket har underlättat och försett bekvämlighet för människan. Trots dessa positiva aspekter av digital utveckling har det i skuggan av dessa vuxit fram kriminella och mörka element för att utnyttja de sårbarheter det digitala medför. Detta ställer frågor kring IT säkerhet och vilken roll detta har under den pågående digitaliseringen av samhället. Människor utgör en svag länk inom företag vad avser IT säkerhet och studenter utgör en attraktiv måltavla för IT angripare. Av denna anledning har det varit relevant att undersöka cybersäkerhetsmedvetenheten bland svenska universitetsstudenter. För att utföra detta har svenska studenter inom IT och datavetenskap kontaktats och genom en kvalitativt ansats har studenternas tankar och uppfattningar kring IT säkerhet och IT attacker analyserats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet visar att studenterna har en allmänt god kännedom om cybersäkerhet och att de känner till de mest förekommande IT attackerna på individnivå. Resultatet visar även att många av studenterna tidigare hade utsatts för IT attacker vilket varit en anledning till en ökad cybersäkerhetsmedvetenhet och säkert beteende
Den ofrivilliga promenaden : En analys av åtgärden ”anvisad plats"
No full textProblematiken kring åtgärden anvisad plats bygger tills tor del på konflikten mellan fastighetsägarnas olägenhet i form av, utifrån deras synsätt, sämre placering av avfallskärl som förväntas bära med sig obehaglig lukt, ohyra och sämre tillgänglighet gentemot renhållningsarbetarnas bristande arbetsmiljö. En konflikt som renhållningsarbetarna eller rättare sagt kommunen ses komma vinnandes ur. Den rekommenderade lösningen på problematiken enligt studien anses vara att öka förståelsen till rättsfallens utfall samt förtydliga den praxis som dessa utfall bygger på. En ökad förståelse skulle möjligtvis kunna förbättra samtliga parternas inställning inför åtgärden och förhoppningsvis minska antalet fall som går ända upp till mark- och miljööverdomstolen. Detta utfall hade varit en vinst för samtliga inblandade. Slutsatsen av studiens genomförande är att åtgärden anvisad plats blir ett slags utlopp för vad som annars hade kunna utvecklats till ett skyttegravskrig där parterna inte finner någon lösning på det påtagliga arbetsmiljöproblem som renhållningspersonalen då behöver utstå. Vidare att den praxis som vuxit fram pekar på vikten at kommunens avfallsplan och avfallsföreskrifter, att kommunen måste vara en aktiv part i anvisandet av plats för hämtning av avfall, att avstånd på 400-500 meter till anvisad plats är inte oskälig samt att kommunen kan endast anvisa plats för hämtning av avfall på ytor som de har rådighet över. Problemet kring missnöjet hos fastighetsägarna kanske inte ser så stort ut i det enskilda fallet sett långsiktigt kan detta ha negativ inverkan rättsapparaten. Om fler och fler fastighetsägare upplever att de fått ett negativt utfall i prövningen av sitt beslut kan det tänkas skada myndigheternas och rättsapparatens förtroende. Studien har inget svar på denna svårighet utan kan endast belysa dess existerandeThe problems surrounding the assigned place measure are largely based on the conflict between the property owners' inconvenience in the form of, from their point of view, poor placement of waste receptacles that are expected to carry unpleasant odors, vermin and poorer accessibility compared to the poor working environment of the cleaning workers. A conflict that the cleaning workers, or rather the township, is seen to emerge victorious from. The recommended solution to the problem according to the study is considered to be to increase understanding of the outcome of legal cases and to clarify the practice on which these outcomes are based. An increased understanding could possibly improve the attitude of all parties towards the measure and hopefully reduce the number of cases that go all the way to the Land and Environmental Court of Appeal. This outcome would be a win for everyone involved. The conclusion of the study's implementation is that the assigned place measure becomes a kind of outlet for what could otherwise have developed into a trench war where the parties cannot find a solution to the tangible work environment problem that the cleaning staff then have to endure. Furthermore, that the practice that has emerged points to the importance of the township’s waste plan and waste regulations, that the township must be an active party in assigning a place for collecting waste, that a distance of 400-500 meters to the assigned place is not unreasonable and that the township can only assign a place for collecting waste on properties that they have at their disposal. The problem surrounding the dissatisfaction of the property owners may make that big of an impact in the individual case but, in the long term, this can have a negative impact on the whole legal system. If more and more property owners feels like they have received a negative outcome in the examination of their decision, it can conceivably damage the trust of the authorities and the judicial system. The study has no answer to this difficulty, it can only highlight its existenc