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Exploring the impact of trauma-adapted yoga in forensic psychiatry.
No full textThe specialized field of forensic psychiatry deals with the care of criminal offenders who suffer from severe mental disorders. As this field is positioned at the intersection of illness, crime, and security, it poses complex challenges. While high-quality clinical studies in forensic psychiatry settings are limited, recent investigations have suggested yoga as a complementary clinical tool within correctional environments. This report of a quasi-experimental study examines the impact of a 10-week trauma-adapted yoga intervention on mental health, antisocial and aggressive behaviors, pain perception, cravings, and character maturity among 56 patients in various forensic psychiatry clinics across Sweden. In the current study, the yoga group demonstrated noteworthy reductions in negative affect states, anxiety, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideations, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, and overall psychological distress. These reductions were not observed in the comparison group. Additionally, the yoga group exhibited a significant decrease in pain frequency and strengthened self-directedness. However, there were no significant changes in aggressive, antisocial, or self-harm behaviors or cravings in either group. The between-group analyses did not yield significant results, except for pain intensity. The trauma-adapted yoga intervention implemented within forensic psychiatry settings shows feasibility and results in multiple positive changes in patients' health.CC-BY 4.0</p
Methods for Learning in Tripartite Collaboration : A Study Inspired by Action Research
No full textBoth private and public organizations are in need of employees with sustainable health, to be effective and productive. Mobile health applications have now started to be implemented for health promotion for individuals and groups at work. Such applications can motivate participation and engagement for health activities, and support managers in suggesting appropriate activities for the individuals and for the working groups, to promote the health of the employees in the production industry. The aim of this research is to analyze how research activities can be designed in collaboration with industrial companies and a software company to support learning for improved work-related health, in implementing digital applications. Action research is used as an approach to knowledge production within this field of work. This paper sheds light on the underlying mechanisms that make the collaborative endeavor a dynamic and impactful process. The active involvement of researchers, private industrial companies, and the software company is not merely a facilitator for data collection; it is the driving force that propels the research forward, ensuring its relevance, innovation, and real-world impact.CC BY NC-ND</p
Melt pool electromagnetic force model extended to account for free surface deformation : Application to gas metal arc
No full textComputational fluid dynamics models with free surface tracking intended to simulate the melt pool produced by an electric arc usually model the electromagnetic force ignoring the deformation of the free surface. However, with an arc heat source, the electromagnetic force is known to be among the leading-order forces, especially at high currents. In addition, the free surface can undergo significant deformations, especially in the presence of metal transfer. In the present study, a generalization of the electromagnetic force model that accounts for the deformation of the free surface is therefore proposed. Test cases with a pulsed gas-metal arc that transfers one metal drop per pulse were investigated experimentally at three different travel speeds to provide validation data. The cases were simulated with both the proposed and the earlier model to assess the influence of the new developments. The results showed that, in the regions where both models determine the force, the discrepancy between the models’ results can reach up to an order of magnitude. Especially, the earlier model overestimates the electromagnetic force deep into the melt pool. On the other hand, it neglects it in the liquid metal that is located at an elevation above the original upper surface of the workpiece, while the proposed model showed that in this area the intensity of the electromagnetic force is the largest. These significant discrepancies result in non-negligible differences in the predicted melt pool thermal flow and geometry. Especially, the propose dextended model provides an improved prediction of the fingertip-shaped fusion boundary.CC BY 4.0</p
Distant suffering : A concept analysis.
No full textBACKGROUND: Patients who are suffering may be commonly encountered in health care. The growing use of telehealth implies that encounters with patients who are suffering may increasingly take place at a distance. "Distant suffering" is a concept coined within sociology to describe the suffering of far-away others. It is conceptualized as a paradox, as distance changes the relation between the witness of suffering and the suffering encountered. Impacts may include a potential detriment to the sufferer and ethical implications for the witness. OBJECTIVE: To explore the concept of distant suffering and any relevance, implications, or important avenues for potential research within the healthcare sciences. DESIGN: Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis. DATA SOURCES: Databases of Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL and PsycInfo were searched for the terms "distant suffering" or "mediated suffering". REVIEW METHOD: Attributes, surrogate or related terms, antecedents, consequences, and uses of the concept were extracted and synthesized. RESULTS: Thirty articles published within the past ten years were selected for review from the search results. "Distant suffering" was characterized as comprising 1) mediated far-away suffering, 2) a "recognizer" or witness, and 3) a potential role of a moderator. Antecedents include shared understandings and socially-influenced responses. Consequences include responses like empathy, compassion, pity, also indifference, cynicism and compassion fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: Further research to explore distant suffering from healthcare sciences' perspective could uncover valuable insights for those suffering, for healthcare workers, and any who are exposed to it. An improved understanding of how distant suffering is conveyed and moderated could enable targeted reduction of exposure or improve response to distant suffering. Such knowledge could help diminish negative consequences for those suffering, for healthcare workers who are caring at a distance for those suffering, or for others who encounter distant suffering in their occupations or in daily life via media, social media, or digital communications. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: New analysis finds that exposure to distant suffering may have important implications for health and health care
Loneliness : The hidden threat against health and well-being
No full textBackground: Loneliness among elderly is a public health concern in today’s society world-wide. Loneliness affects the body both mentally and physically and is often associated with mental disorder and depression, even though that may not be the real problem. Loneliness affects the elderly with severe suffering that leads to a decreased joy of life. Suicidal thoughts are common. It is important to identify loneliness in an early stage. The knowledge about loneliness is low among nurses. Increased knowledge about loneliness contributes to improved care and prevention of loneliness among the elderly. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the experience of loneliness among elderly. Method: A literature-based study based on qualitative research. Eleven articles were included through systematically research in CINAHL and PsycInfo. Inclusion criteria for selected articles were elderly over 65 years, based on English language and published 2014 – 2023. Friberg´s five step model was used to analyze the articles. Results: The study found that elderly people experienced loneliness in feelings through lack of purpose and meaningfulness in life. The aging body limited the elderly in their daily life and led to the feeling of loneliness. Closeness to spouse, friends or family were important for not experiencing loneliness. Establishing new routines, finding acceptance, being active and having the freedom to choose whether being alone or not, were all coping strategies against experienc-ing loneliness. Conclusion: Lack of context, aging body and lack of social network were all considered as contributing factors in feelings of loneliness among elderly people
Nurses’ use of motivational interviewing with patients with cardiovascular disease : A literature review of quantitative and qualitative research
No full textBackground: Cardiovascular diseases are globally the leading causes of death. In Sweden 2 million people are currently affected. Contemporary society has created the conditions for an epidemic of diseases caused by unhealthy lifestyles. Nurse led motivational interviewing (MI) can be used to implement changes in unhealthy lifestyle habits. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the usability of the method motivational interviewing (MI) in nurses' work with patients with cardiovascular diseases. Method: The chosen method was a literature review of quantitative and qualitative research. In total 5 quantitative and 3 qualitative research articles were analysed. Results: The analyses resulted in two themes and six subthemes. First theme was The importance of a good collaboration with subthemes A mutual interaction, To include employers and relatives and The benefits of good alliance. Second theme was Challenges for a successful treatment with subthemes Lack of time, Lack of knowledge and Influence of internal resistance. Conclusion: Usability of MI with patients diagnosed with cardiovascular disease has been described. Challenges related to relevance of MI has been emphasised. Results of this study indicated that nurse led MI can have positive effects on multiple aspects of selfcare, lifestyle habits and wellbeing.I Sverige lever cirka två miljoner människor med hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar vilket också är den vanligaste orsaken till förtida död. Sjuksköterskor som specialister inom omvårdnad kommer att möta många patienter som behöver stöd i samband med hjärt-kärlsjukdomar. Att lindra lidande, förebygga sjukdom, återställa samt främja hälsa är de fyra omvårdnadensmålen. Motiverande samtal (MI) kan användas av exempelvis sjuksköterskor. Detta är en effektiv metod som kan bidra till positiva resultat vid olika hälsorelaterade problem och sjukdomar såsom diabetes, psykisk ohälsa och missbruk. MI är en samtalsmetod där individens motivation stärks och personen själv blir medveten om de hälsorelaterade förändringar som borde göras.Syftet med studien var att beskriva användbarhet av metoden motiverande samtal i sjuksköterskors arbete med patienter med hjärt- och kärlsjukdom. En litteraturöversikt av kvantitativ och kvalitativ forskning av åtta vetenskapliga studier genomfördes. Detta innebär att analys av två olika typer av forskning förenades och ett nytt resultat skapades. Resultatet av denna studie visade att MI hade en positiv påverkan på patienternas egenvård och levnadsvanor. Patienter upplevde ett ökat välbefinnande i samband med sjuksköterskeledd MI. Det visade sig att en god samverkan mellan individer inkluderade i MI processen ökade chansen för positiva resultat. Dessutom beskrevs utmaningar som kan uppstå vid användandet av metoden som tidsbrist och kunskapsbrist. Resultatet av studien kan bidra till ökad kunskap inom området, vilket kan ge nytta för samhället där många lever med hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar, som antingen är orsakade eller påverkade av ohälsosamma levnadsvanor. Resultatet kan ses sombetydelsefullt för sjuksköterskor som kommer att träffa många patienter som söker vård relaterad till hjärt-och kärlsjukdomar. Förutom potentialen att påverka hälsan positivt på individnivån, kan MI vara ett hälsofrämjande verktyg i sjuksköterskans verktygslåda som kan gynna folkhälsan. Dessutom kan MI i framtiden vara en kostnadseffektiv metod för samhället.Sammanfattningsvis kan MI bidra med flera positiva aspekter för svenska samhället om de rätta förutsättningarna för sjuksköterskor och patienter finns. Den här studien bidrar till ökad förståelse och kunskap i de olika aspekter som krävs för att MI ska fungera optimalt
Patients’ voice after a stroke : A Literature Revie
No full textBackground: Stroke is a common health problem and one of the most frequent causes of disability among adults. Stroke is a collective term for cerebral infarction or brain bleeding, both of which can lead to death. Due to the injury caused by a stroke, patients may experience various symptoms depending on which part of the brain that is affected. Symptoms can include paralysis, difficulty swallowing, language disorders, and cognitive impairment. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the type of stroke, and some individuals may develop residual functional disabilities. Aim: The aim of this study was to highlight patients’ experiences regarding post-stroke nursing care. Method: The design of this study was a literature review where eight qualitative articles were analyzed using Friberg’s (2017) five-step method. Results: Two categories and six subcategories emerged from the analysis. Patients wished to be more involved in their care and wanted to be well-informed and engaged in their situation. Patients have different experiences when it comes to being a patient, which can include the feeling of questioning why this happened to them, facing obstacles, not being seen as a person, or fearing that something might be overlooked in their care. Conclusion: This study showed that patients’ experiences are important for nurses to go forward with the care the patients’ need. Patients expressed that the information they were given and in the way it was given, made the patients feel involved in their care.Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att belysa patienters upplevelser av omvårdnaden efter en stroke. När en patient drabbas av en stroke uppstår syrebrist i en specifik del av hjärnan på grund av antingen en hjärnblödning eller hjärninfarkt. Stroke kan ge svårigheter med motoriken och/eller kommunikationen och är den vanligaste orsaken till funktionsnedsättningar hos vuxna. Resultatet från studien visar att patienterna behöver klar och tydlig information, vara delaktiga i sin vård samt få stöd från både personal, närstående och andra patienter för att uppleva en god omvårdnad. Dessutom framkom det att patienterna upplever trygghet, säkerhet, delaktighet, tillit, rädsla, panik och ilska under vårdtiden. Studien pekar också på behovet av förbättringar i kommunikationen mellan patienter och sjuksköterskor, samt att informationen som patienterna erhåller bör anpassas utefter deras individuella behov och kunskapsnivå. Genom förbättringar inom dessa områden visar studien att patienterna känner sig mer delaktiga i sin vård. Stöd från vårdpersonal, anhöriga och andra patienter är avgörande för patienternas välbefinnande. Denna stöttning förbättrar miljön runt omkring patienterna och skapas en känsla av trygghet. Under vårdtiden uttryckte patienterna olika upplevelser, såsom minskad tillit till sina kroppar. Studien påvisar brister i omvårdnaden efter en stroke, där patienterna upplevde att sjuksköterskorna brast i delgivningen av informationen och möjligheten att göra patienterna delaktiga. Vidare upplevdes att det finns brister i sjuksköterskornas kommunikationsförmåga. Detta resulterade i upplevda brister i omvårdnaden och hinder för en personcentrerad vård. Resultatet i denna litteraturstudie baseras på åtta kvalitativa artiklar om patienters upplevelser efter en stroke
Performance Evaluation of Wi-Fi Fingerprinting IPS at HV Campus
No full textWi-Fi fingerprinting indoor positioning systems (FP-IPS) are vital for delivering location-based services in indoor environments where GPS is impractical. However, their effectiveness relies on selecting appropriate algorithms. The presented study revolves around evaluating these algorithms, by using different Wi-Fi fingerprinting implementations of a chosen algorithm. The purpose of this study is to evaluate Wi-Fi fingerprinting algorithms based on common metrics used to evaluate positioning systems, such as computational cost, accuracy, and precision. By employing a quantitative approach, experiments are conducted in an indoor campus environment at University West, Sweden. Analyzing the results to find the most suited algorithm for the environment, which can provide accurate positioning with little drawbacks. The experiments consist of collecting Basic Servies Set Identifier (BSSID), Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and Service Set identifier(SSID) data from reference points and test points, developing algorithms that calculates on collected dataset to get quantitative results for analysis. The analysis uncovers the performance of each algorithm using several result factors to evaluate and find the most beneficial algorithm. The presented result values will be error distance in terms of accuracy and precision and computing time it takes to run these algorithms. By using the algorithm of K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), three different implementations were developed. These implementations are called Regions, Weighted Average, Median Filtering. These implementations will be evaluated alongside the traditional KNN algorithm. The results show that the Regions and Weighted Average algorithms performs best in terms of accuracy and precision compared to Median Filtering and the Traditional KNN Wi-Fi fingerprinting method. Regions have less computational cost in terms of time in milliseconds compared to Weighted Average. The study concludes that the Regions implementation surpasses the traditional KNN algorithm in all result factors and that all the implemented algorithms show that there is still potential in KNN, even though new algorithms, based on learning models are better but are more computationally heavy. These findings could also be applied to different areas at campus or hold significant for other engineers looking to implement one of the analyzed Wi-Fi based fingerprinting algorithms
Dynamic beam shaping with a deformable mirror for control of high power laser processes
No full textLaser metal fusion is widely used in production technology to manufacture parts, as in welding, cladding, and additive manufacturing. One development of interest to laser metal fusion is the recent advancements in deformable mirror technologies that allow them to withstand multi-kilowatt laser power. This enables the generation of various beam shapes and rapid switching between these within 10 milliseconds. This thesis investigates the application of deformable mirror-based beamshaping and computer vision techniques to improve laser beam welding and directed energy deposition using laser and wire. Additionally, methods including analysis of melt pool images, cross-cut micrographs, surface topology measurements has been used to evaluate and characterize the results. An industrially relevant challenge addressed is variation in the joint gap width during autogenous butt welding, which often results in defects such as incomplete groove filling and root concavities. Two near-elliptical beam shapes, with major axes aligned either along or transverse to the welding direction, were studied for gap bridging. Both beam shapes were capable of bridging gaps up to 0.6 mm wide during welding of 2.0 mm thick steel plates. It was shown that the beam shaping made it possible to meet higher quality levels in the ISO13919-1 standard compared to a ordinary circular static beam. The beam with the major axis along the welding direction performed even better in reducing defects compared to the one aligned transversely. When adaptive beam shaping was used for gap bridging in butt joints it resulted in an 80% reduction in workpiece distortion, demonstrating its effectiveness in accommodating varying process conditions. Additionally, computer vision algorithms, including adaptive Kalman filters and convolutional neural networks, proved successful in gap width estimation, classification, and tack weld detection under varying conditions during welding. In directed energy deposition using laser and wire, three near-elliptical beamshapes with different orientations relative to the deposition and wire feeding directions were examined. The beam with the major axis transverse to the deposition direction produced a narrower, higher bead, while the beam aligned with the feedstock wire direction (about 35◦ relative to deposition direction) yielded a wider, lower bead with better melting efficiency. These findings presented in this thesis underscore the potential of dynamic beam shaping, especially when integrated with robust computer vision techniques, to enhance process control, making high power laser processing more reliable and efficient.Lasersmältning av metall är en produktionsteknik som används for att tillverka komponenter, till exempel genom svetsning, påläggssvetsning eller additiv tillverkning. En utveckling som är intressant för lasersmältning är de senaste framstegen inom formbar spegelteknik gör att denna typ av spegeloptik kan klara av en lasereffekt på flera kilowatt, samt frambringa olika strålformer (beam shapes) och snabbt växla mellan dessa inom 10 millisekunder. Denna avhandling undersöker ett system med en deformerbar spegel för laserstrålformning i kombination med datorseendeteknik (computer vision) för att effektivisera lasersvetsning och additiv tillverkning. Dessutom har metoder som analyserar bilder på smältan i processen, bilder på den resulterande mikrostrukturen i tvärsnitt samt topologimätningar använts för att utvärdera och karakterisera resultaten. En industriellt relevant utmaning som undersökts är variationen i fogspaltbredd under stumfogsvetsning utan tillsatstråd, vilket ofta resulterar i defekter såsom svetsdiken. Två elliptiska laserstrålformer, med huvudaxlar riktade antingen längs med eller tvärs mot svetsriktningen, studerades med avseende på förmågan att överbrygga fogspalten.Båda strålformerna kunde överbrygga en fogspalt på upp till 0,6 mm vidsvetsning av 2,0 mm tjocka stålplåtar. Det visade sig att strålformningen gjorde det möjligt att uppfylla högre kvalitetsnivåer enligt ISO13919-1-standarden jämfört med en vanlig cirkulär statisk laserstråle. Laserstrålen med huvudaxelnl ängs svetsriktningen presterade ännu bättre när det gällde att minska defekterj ämfört med den som var på tvären. Den adaptiva strålformningen som används för överbryggning av spalter i stumfogar resulterade i en 80-procentig minskning av arbetsstyckets deformation, vilket demonstrerar dess effektivitet när det gäller att hantera varierande processförhållanden. Dessutom visade algoritmer för datorseende bland annat med ett adaptivt Kalman-filter eller ett neuralt nätverk, vara framgångsrik när det gäller att mäta, klassificera och detektera häftsvetsar och varierationer under svetsning. I samband med laserbaserad additiv tillverkning undersöktes tre elliptiskal aserstrålformer med olika orienteringar i förhållande till deponerings- och trådmatningsriktningarna. Strålen med huvudaxeln tvärs mot deponeringsriktningen gav en smalare, högre deponering, medan laserstrålen i linje med tillsatstrådriktningen (cirka 35◦ i förhållande till deponeringsriktningen) gav en bredare, lägre deponering med bättre smälteffektivitet. Resultat påvisar tydligt potentialen hos dynamisk laserstrålformning moten bättre processtyrningen, särskilt när den integreras med robust datorseende i ett återkopplat system, något som bidrar till att göra högeffekt-laserprocesser mera tillförlitliga och effektiva.Following papers are not included in the electronic thesis:Paper 3 and 4 are to be submitted.Paper 5 has no permission to be included in the electronic thesisPaper 6 is under review.</p
Family-centered treatment program for problematic gaming and excessive screen use in a clinical child and youth population (FAME) : protocol for a feasibility pilot study
No full textBackground: Screen time among children and adolescents has increased dramatically, raising concerns about its impact on development and mental health. While research highlights both potential benefits and risks, excessive use has been linked to issues like anxiety, depression, and gaming addiction. Despite growing concern, effective interventions are scarce. Recognizing the importance of family dynamics in child development, we propose a family-centered program to address problematic gaming and excessive screen use in a clinical population. By involving both children and parents, we aim to create a more comprehensive approach to prevention and treatment. Objective: This study aims to determine the possibility of distributing and evaluating a family-centered group program for problematic gaming and excessive screen use (FAME) in a clinical child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) population. We will monitor the recruitment rate; track the retention and attendance rates of both parents and children; and assess whether each session’s objectives are met, the content is delivered within the allotted time, and the necessary resources (eg, facilitators andmaterials) are available. Additionally, we will gather qualitative and quantitative feedback from participants through postprogram surveys and individual interviews with both children and parents. Methods: A total of 10 families with ongoing contact with CAP in Skåne, Sweden, will be recruited and offered participationin a family-centered group program targeting children aged 10-18 years with reported difficulties regarding screen gaming or screen use. The intervention to be tested is a newly developed, family-centered, psychoeducational, cognitive behavioral therapy–based intervention addressing both positive and negative aspects of screen use; setting boundaries; the connection between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors; conflict triggers; and sleep hygiene. The primary goal of the pilot study is to test the feasibility of the program, as well as recruitment and the analysis of participants’ experiences with the program. Results: A total of 11 children and their parents were enrolled during first quarter of 2024. A 4-session pilot was delivered in first quarter of 2024, and the first results are expected in the third quarter of 2024. Conclusions: The overarching goal of this pilot study is to determine the possibility of distributing and evaluating a family-centered group program for problematic gaming and excessive screen use (FAME) in a clinical CAP population. The insights gained from this study will guide our future research, which will focus on conducting a larger-scale evaluation of the intervention’s impact on family screen time conflicts and inform future strategies for the implementation of family-centered interventions in child and youth clinics.Open AccessThis work was supported by the Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi (grant ID: 5/8-I (3)/2019-ECD-II). </p