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The Development and Evaluation of an Animated Video for Pre- and Postoperative Instructions for Patients with Osteoarthritis : A Design Science Research Approach
No full textOsteoarthritis (OA) is a condition in the hip or knee joints that develops during a long period of time and sometimes needs hip or knee joint replacement surgery when pain gets too intense for the patient. This paper describes how an animated video for pre- and postoperative instructions for patients with osteoarthritis was designed. The design science research (DSR) approach was followed by creating a web-based animated video. The web-based animated video is used to support surgical departments with education for patients suffering from OA. In the web-based animated video, information about OA surgical treatment and its pre- and post-arrangements was included. The relevance, the rigor, and the design cycles were focused on, with some iterations of and improvements in the animations. Even after implementation, there was a feedback-loop with comments from the surgeons and their patients. Moreover, as more departments will use the web-based animated video, they want to make their special mark on it, so that further changes will be made. This paper presents the design and successful implementation of an animated video for pre- and postoperative instructions for patients with osteoarthritis, tightly linked to the patient journey and the workflow of healthcare professionals. The animated video serves not only as a tool to improve care but also as a basis for further scientific research studies. CC BY 4.0</p
Management toward Industry 5.0 : a co-workership approach on digital transformation for future innovative manufacturing
No full textPurpose – The purpose is to apply the co-workership approach to contribute guidelines for manufacturing managers to exploit the potential of digital technologies through a human-centric perspective. Design/methodology/approach – A longitudinal single case study within manufacturing including a mix of qualitative methods with 18 in-depth interviews and focus groups with 25 participants covering all organizational levels and functions. Findings – Findings demonstrate that to re-interpret manufacturing management through the lens of Industry 5.0 (I5.0), managers need to respond to the call for a more human-centric perspective by focusing on organizational prerequisites, such as holistic understanding, inclusive organizational change, leadership practices, learning and innovation processes. Research limitations/implications – Limitations due to a single case study are compensated with rich data collected over time with the strengths of mixed methods through in-depth interviews and focus groups with participants reflecting and developing ideas jointly. Practical implications – Managers’ awareness of organizational prerequisites to promote human perspectives in all functions and at all levels in digital transformation is pivotal. Thus, proposed organizational prerequisites are presented as managers’ guidelines for future innovative manufacturing. Social implications – Findings emphasize the need for digital transformation managers to apply a human-centric perspective acknowledging how organizational changes affect the inclusion of employees, and thus challenge culture, structure, communication and trust toward I5.0. Originality/value – The study contributes to the emerging field of I5.0 by applying an interdisciplinary approach to understand the elusive phenomena of enfolding technology and humans.CC BY 4.0</p
Health promoting resources and lifestyle factors among higher education students in healthcare and social work programmes : a survey with a longitudinal multicentre design
No full textBackground It has been suggested that the university environment, to improve students’ health status and educational outcomes, should be based on a health promoting approach. More knowledge is needed about health promoting resources and lifestyle factors that may be of value for students in higher education and their future work-life balance. The aim of this study was to explore health-promoting resources, general health and wellbeing, and health promoting lifestyle factors among fourth and final semester students in higher education in healthcare and social work. Methods This longitudinal study is based on self-reported data collected through a web-based questionnaire that included questions about general health, wellbeing, and healthy lifestyle factors and made use of instruments: the Sense of Coherence (SOC) scale, the Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale (SHIS), and five questions from the General Nordic Questionnaire (QPS Nordic). The questionnaire was distributed among students enrolled in seven different healthcare and social work programmes at six universities in Sweden. Data was collected when students were in their fourth (2019/2020) and final (2020/2021) semesters analysed with multiple linear and logistic regressions. Results The survey included responses from students during the fourth (n = 498) and the final (n = 343) semester of higher education programmes in health and social work. Total SOC scores decreased between the fourth semester and the final semester. The prevalence of the health promoting lifestyle factor of physical exercise decreased between the fourth and final semesters. Students in their final semester reported valuing group work more highly than did students in their fourth semester. Despite this, students in both the fourth and the final semester reported high SOC, low levels of good general health and perceived wellbeing, and sleeping problems. Conclusions Students’ report of good general health were associated with wellbeing, high-intensity physical training, and no sleeping problems A high SOC level was associated with good general health, perceived wellbeing, and no sleeping problems. A higher SHIS level was also associated with wellbeing and no sleeping problems. Therefore, we suggest further research focusing on how to prepare students in healthcare and social work during higher education for a future work-life in balance targeting effects on sleep quality.CC BY 4.0</p
Staff-based measurement instruments of person-centredness in settings of care for older people : A systematic review
No full textBackground: Person-centred care is widely endorsed as a promising approach for delivering high-quality care to older people. However, the multitude of existing definitions and measurement tools, coupled with the continuous emergence of new tools, can create confusion and hinder precision in assessing this concept. This review was undertaken with a recognition of the crucial role that assessment quality plays in evaluations and improvements, particularly within the context of person-centred care for older people. Objectives: This study aimed to systematically review staff-based measures of person-centredness in settings of care for older people. More specifically, the objectives were to provide description, methodological evaluation and synthesis of diverse conceptual understandings of person-centredness encapsulated in these measurement tools. Methods: We systematically searched the Cinahl, PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases for English peer-reviewed journal articles between 2000 and 2021. These articles discussed the creation of staff-based questionnaires designed to assess the extent of person-centred care. We excluded questionnaires meant for clients, patients or families, as well as non-questionnaire scales. The measures were described, and their interpretations of person-centred care were synthesised through a critical interpretive synthesis method. We evaluated methodological quality using a condensed COSMIN risk of bias checklist and adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Results: The review identified a total of 14 staff-based measures. These measures exhibited varying levels of comprehensiveness, encompassing anywhere between 2 and 17 components. Furthermore, the number of items within the measures ranged from 11 to 62, and the sample sizes exhibited significant diversity, spanning from 58 to 1428. In terms of the components scrutinised by the scales regarding person-centred care, our synthesis revealed the emergence of four distinct conceptual categories: care process, supportive care environment, relations and communication, and knowledge and attitudes. As for the methodological quality of the scales, it exhibited a notable degree of variation (i.e. from inadequate to very good). Conclusions: Diverse measures of person-centredness vary in terms of comprehensiveness, aspects covered and methodological quality. Synthesising the concept through staff-based measures offers a novel approach for researchers and practitioners, illuminating nuanced perspectives in person-centred care. Implications for practice: The synthesis enriches academic discussions and practical applications by dissecting components, ultimately enhancing care quality assessment and improvement. Further, this review is a valuable resource for unit managers and quality coordinators working in settings of care for older people, empowering them to make informed decisions tailored to their specific needs from a diverse array of available person-centred care measures. CC-BY 4-0</p
When competence and confidence are at odds : a cross-country examination of the Dunning–Kruger effect
No full textResearch has shown that some students who underperform in mathematics overestimate their performance, while others who excel in mathematics underestimate it. Looking at this mismatch of performance and confidence judgement—the Dunning–Kruger effect (DKE)—the current study investigates how well students’ confidence judgement and item-specific mathematics competence relate with each other and whether such a relationship differs across six European countries (i.e., Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Serbia and Portugal). We also examine whether perceived competence, mathematics identity, gender, socioeconomic status and immigration background predict this mismatch and whether these demographic factors function differently between the examined countries. The results show that the DKE could be found across grades three and four in all six countries. However, there are country-specific patterns regarding the relationship between performance, mathematics identity and perceived competence; the DKE; and how different demographic variables predict its occurrences in particular subpopulations. CC-BY 4.0Funding: Open access funding provided by University of Gothenburg. Research Council of Norway within FINNUT Programme for Research and Innovation in the Educational Sector (grant number 301033).</p
ChatGPT and its Impact on Students' Cognitive Abilities and Language Development in the Swedish EFL Classroom : A qualitative study of English 5 students in upper secondary education
No full textThe purpose of this study is to explore the possibilities that the highly popular ChatGPT utility might have on education, and more specifically, how it could impact language development in the Swedish EFL classroom. This will be attained through a qualitative method and through multiple observations in real-life situations with students from upper secondary school. Additionally, for a more profound analysis this will then be combined with follow-up interviews with two educating teachers. The observations presented mixed results with some students displaying positive feelings towards ChatGPT while others reacted negatively to its extensive replies to simple inquiries. This proved to be valuable empirical data for this study's analysis. Therefore, this study has concluded that ChatGPT as a didactic tool, should be used in a controlled situation, and explained thoroughly with a specific intentional purpose. In other words, ChatGPT could be used in different teaching situations to enforce students' abilities or to ease the cognitive burden that many students experience when writing texts, as can be explained by cognitive load theory (Sweller, 1988, p. 277). If the messages from the text-generator are clear, informative, personal, and concise it could be used to aid students in their writing process. However, the different complications that arise with the use of ChatGPT including a negative effect on student self-esteem must be considered
Kapacitetsstyrning på svenska sjukhus under COVID-19-pandemin
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the importance of effective crisis management. This research aims to analyze and comprehend the lessons learnt at Swedish hospitals in implementing surge capacity during the pandemic to enhance preparedness for future pandemics. The study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, combining two qualitative case studies and a quantitative survey. Inductive, explorative, and deductive analysis methods based on framework of learning and dynamic capability have been employed. The distinction between a major accident and a pandemic is considerable. A pandemic lasts longer, with changing capacity requirements. Moreover, during a pandemic, information originates within hospitals, upon the admission of patients. The study identified innovative planning strategies, such as stepwise causality planning, for the organization to pursue common goals and material deliveries within an agreed-upon time consumption in an uncertain delivery situation. Internal staff mobility and support for specialized staff are critical for adapting capacity, with a high dependence on equipment, space, and systems. Crisis management during a pandemic needs to be distributed and adaptive. Plans must be constantly adjusted aligning to the reality of the crisis. Additionally, the study emphasizes the role of healthcare professionals in decision-making, as well as the importance of continuous learning. Allowing leaders with trust within the organization to lead and create openness within the organization, without power plays and with positive “storytelling,” establishes a secure environment where staff mobility can be enhanced. This study highlights an effective crisis handling through dynamic action and openness to learning during the pandemic. However, it identifies shortcomings, including malfunctioning contingency plans, insufficient staff mobility, and undynamic crisis management, especially at the regional crisis management level.COVID-19-pandemin har belyst nödvändigheten av effektiv krishantering under pandemier. Denna studie syftar till att förstå och analysera de lärdomar kring produktionsstyrning som uppstått under pandemin, då kapaciteten dagligen behövde styras och balanseras mot de olika vårdbehoven. Studien omfattar både kvalitativ forskning med två fallstudier och kvantitativ forskning genom en enkät. Induktiva, explorativa och deduktiva analysmetoder har använts, där den sistabaserades på ramverk kring lärande respektive dynamiska och statiska kapaciteter. Skillnaden mellan en stor olycka och en pandemi är betydande. Pandemin varar längre och vårdbehovet förändras i vågor, till skillnad från en olycka som oftast är kort och plötslig. Vidare skiljer sig informationsflödet, där det i en pandemi uppstår på sjukhusen genom vårdgivarnas nätverk och när patienter anländer, medan det vid en olycka går direkt från räddningsledare till regionens krisledning. Studien har identifierat innovativa planeringsstrategier speciellt för pandemier, såsom en så kallad stegvis kausalitetsplanering som ger organisationen möjlighet att sträva efter samma mål, samt material leveranser mot en överenskommen timkonsumtion i en osäker leveranssituation. Den mest kritiska faktorn för att klara sjukhusvården under pandemin identifierades som intern personalrörlighet. Denna var avgörande för att förstärka avdelningar med utökat behov och därmed stödja uthålligheten för den specialiserade personalen som tjänstgjorde där. Vidare var personalförsörjningen och uthålligheten beroende av tillgänglighetenav skyddsutrustning, utrymme och funktionen i systemet. En krisledning under en pandemi behöver vara både delegerande och adaptiv. Planer måste ständigt anpassas efter krisens realitet. Dessutom betonar studiens resultat betydelsen av vårdprofessionens medverkan i beslutsfattande, samt betydelsen av kontinuerligt lärande. Genom att låta ledare med uppbyggt förtroende i organisationen leda och skapa öppenhet, genom att undvika maktspel och främja positiv “storytelling”, skapas en trygg miljö som förbättrar personalens välmående och rörlighet. Studien beskriver att krisen hanterades väl genom att organisationerna agerade dynamiskt och var öppen för lärande. Dock identifierades brister, såsom otillräckliga beredskapsplaner, bristande personalrörlighet och en odynamisk krisledning, särskilt på regionnivå. Resultatet från forskningen kan användas för att bygga bättre beredskap för pandemier i framtiden.Paper 3 (accepted) and 5 (submitted) are not included in this digital thesis.</p
Child healthcare nurses’ experience of communication with 4‐year‐old children during their visit to the child health care center
No full textObjective:To illuminate child healthcare nurses’ experiences of communication with 4-year-old children during their visit to the child healthcare center.DesignA qualitative method, using data collected from individual interviews. Sample: Fifteen semistructured interviews with nurses working in a child healthcare center. Measurements:The results were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results:The analysis resulted in three themes and eight subthemes: Adapting to the child in the conversation, based on the subthemes Preparing for the visit, Listening in and observing, and Creating a welcoming environment; Combining strategies for the conversation, based on the subthemes Engaging the child, Using visual tools, and Parental involvement; and Challenges due to language barriers, based on the subthemes Using an interpreter and Parent acts as interpreter. Conclusion: Child healthcare nurses focus on the child when communicating and strive to create joy and a welcoming environment. The communication strategies employed during the visit include engaging the child directly, involving parents in the conversation, and balancing the parental involvement. Communication challenges related to language barriers are addressed, particularly during interpreter-assisted conversations. The study indicates a need for tailored strategies, collaboration, and sensitivity to ensure a child-centered approach.CC-BY 4.0</p
Psychiatric conditions among juveniles convicted of crimes
No full textBakgrund: Tidigare forskning har påvisat ett samband mellan brottslighet och psykisk ohälsa. Kartläggningar av lagförda ungdomar i Sverige indikerar att majoriteten av dessa ungdomar, som har beslut om ungdomsvård, lider av minst ett psykiatriskt tillstånd. Ungdomsvårdens uppdrag och målsättningar inkluderar främjandet av ungdomars fysiska och psykiska återhämtning samt avslutande av brottsligt beteende. Svensk brottsstatistik visar att cirka 38 % av de vårdade ungdomarna återfaller i brott. Syfte: Syftet med den aktuella studien är att undersöka förekomsten av psykiatriska tillstånd hos lagförda ungdomar och att behandla kompletterande frågeställningar. Metod: För att besvara studiens syfte har en litteraturöversikt genomförts enligt fyrstegsmodellen, som utvecklats av Friberg (2022). Resultat: Resultaten presenterar fyra kategorier. Förekomst av psykiatriska tillstånd beskriver vilka psykiatriska tillstånd som är vanliga bland lagförda ungdomar och vilka tillstånd som dominerar. Symtom vid psykiatriska tillstånd, belyser hur vissa psykiatriska tillstånd manifesterar sig samt generella symtom som är vanliga hos ungdomarna. Diagnosskillnader mellan könen framhäver skillnader i förekomst av olika psykiatriska tillstånd mellan flickor och pojkar. Tillstånd och brott – de vanliga formerna beskriver vilka brott ungdomar med psykiatriska tillstånd begår och hur förekomsten av brott varierar beroende på olika psykiatriska tillstånd. Slutsats: Studiens resultat indikerar att lagförda ungdomar har ett komplext vårdbehov där samsjuklighet förekommer. Det är därför viktigt med kompetent och utbildad personal inom ungdomsvården. Implementering av internationellt beprövade behandlingsmetoder kan utgöra potentiella alternativ för svensk ungdomsvård
Utmaningar i kravprofilering, kandidatattraktion och urvalet : Ur rekryterarens perspektiv
No full textThe recruitment process has changed significantly since the turn of the millennium, with a movement towards more standardized methods. But research suggests that structured processes alone are no longer enough to meet the demands and challenges recruiters face when searching for new talent. This study aims to highlight challenges that recruiters face in requirements, candidate attraction and selection process with the goal of developing insights to contribute to a more effective recruitment process. The study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with ten respondents in both the public and the private sectors. The study shows that recruiters experience challenges in the design of a recruitment profile and in producing a list of requirements. It turned out to be a challenge to attract candidates to open positions to design a job advertisement, to continuously work with the company's reputation and competition from other employers. In the selection process, we found that choosing the most suitable candidate for the position is more difficult than it sounds. Misleading information, such as CV:s that are misleading, or not missing a potential candidate due to many applications, remaining impartial and finding a candidate that fits into the company’s culture are challenges that recruiters face in today’s recruitment process. The reasons why these challenges arise vary between respondents and are discussed in the analysis section. The study provided insights into the fact that none of the respondents who participated in the study had specific training in recruitment. We believe that a specific training in recruitment would be beneficial to reduce these challenges, contribute to handling the challenges more effectively and also contribute to an optimized recruitment process for the organization