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Jämförelse av mätning och simuleringvid trådlös nätverkskartläggning
No full textTrådlösa nätverk består av radiovågor som avtar i styrka ju längre de färdas. Svag signal-styrka resulterar ofta i låg dataöverföringshastighet. Svag signalstyrka kan finnas på flera platser i en lokal och dessa platser är inte alltid lätta att hitta. En metod för att mäta signalstyrka och hitta platser där signalstyrkan avtar kallas för en trådlös nätverkskartläggning. En annan metod är att låta ett program (i detta fall Cisco Prime) som använder sig av data från den Wireless LAN Controller som styr befintliga accesspunkter göra en uppskattning av signalstyrkan på en given plats. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om det blir några skillnader mellan resultaten från de båda metoderna, här representerade av Netspot och Cisco Prime. För att ta reda på detta installerades ett nätverkskartläggningsverktyg vid namn Netspot på två bärbara datorer, för att mäta det trådlösa nätverket i alla publika lokaler på Högskolan Väst. Efter en genomförd undersökning tyder resultaten på att skillnaderna mellan Netspot och Cisco Prime inte är stora. De skillnader som uppstår beror på de båda verktygens metoder. Medan Netspot är på plats och mäter radiovågorna, kan Cisco Prime bara göra en uppskattning av hur långt radiovågorna når. Den största skillnaden i mätresultat mellan de två verktygen är att signalen enligt Cisco Prime uppskattas vara blockerad helt av väggar medan Netspot ofta kan mäta en godtagbar signalstyrka bakom samma vägg.
Brazilian Digital Transformation Readiness : A Transdisciplinary Engineering Approach in the Automotive Sector
No full textAlthough widely adopted around the globe, emerging evidence suggests that digitalization investments often underperform. One potential reason is that firms lack organizational readiness to adopt these new technologies. Thus, in this paper, we evaluate both digitalization implementation and digital readiness in the Brazilian auto industry to ascertain how readiness potentially impacts the implementation of new digital technologies and processes. In reviewing the literature on digital transformation in the global automotive sector, a lack of studies was identified on the level of readiness and maturity of the automotive sector in relation to digitalization and innovation brought out by the implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies. To address this gap, a digitalization protocol was drawn up with the aim of verifying the maturity of companies and understanding the degree of readiness for digital transformation. Subsequently, the research was applied to thirteen companies in the automotive sector, including vehicle and engine manufacturers, as well as automotive parts and systems subcontractors in the automotive supply chain. The contribution of this paper identified that the use of digital technologies increases the quality and results of work, facilitates the achievement of objectives, and offers a competitive advantage. Further’ advantages come from improving customer experience, increasing innovation through data analysis, improving manufacturing processes, and bringing greater employee engagement. Finally, it is highlighted that this study is aligned with the ninth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) proposed by the United Nations: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure, which seeks to promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation.Open Access</p
Associations between adverse childhood experiences and psychological distress among Swedish upper secondary school students
No full textBACKGROUND: The detrimental impacts of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on health have been extensively studied, mainly focusing on the effects of ACEs on adults. However, there is a dearth of studies exploring their influences on adolescents. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the associations between ACEs and psychological distress among Swedish adolescents. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: At the end of 2020, 1561 Swedish adolescents (15-19-years-old) participated in an electronic survey. The survey encompassed questions about alcohol and drug use problems within the students' families, questions about the students' experiences of physical and psychological abuse, and the administration of the Brief Symptom Inventory to assess their mental health. METHODS: Descriptive and comparative non-parametric statistics were applied. RESULTS: Nearly half of the study population reported experiencing one or more ACEs. Exposure to any ACE was significantly associated with a higher level of psychological distress. Of the ACEs examined, the experience of psychological abuse was the most substantial risk factor for psychological distress (with medium effect sizes of ε2 between 0.07 and 0.12 on each domain and a large effect size of ε2 = 0.14 on the General Severity Index scale). There was a positive correlation (r = 0.36) between the number of ACEs experienced and worsened mental health. CONCLUSIONS: The significant impacts of any ACE, the cumulative number of ACEs, and, particularly, psychological abuse on adolescent mental health are discussed. To further enhance the understanding of these associations and identify effective interventions to prevent and mitigate the negative impact of ACEs on mental health, additional research is warranted.CC BY 4.0</p
Microstructure, multi-scale mechanical and tribological performance of HVAF sprayed AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy coating
No full textThermal spray high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings have demonstrated potential for improving the wear resistance of conventional materials used in extreme engineering environments. In the present work, an equiatomic AlCoCrFeNi HEA coating was manufactured using the high velocity air fuel (HVAF) process. The phase and microstructural transformations in gas-atomized (GA) powder during HVAF spraying were analyzed using SEM, EDS and EBSD techniques. The tribological properties of this HEA coating sliding against an Al2O3 ball at both room temperature (RT) and 600 °C were also evaluated. The GA powder was composed of Body Centred Cubic (BCC) + ordered BCC (B2) phases, which transformed to BCC + B2 + minor Face Centred Cubic (FCC) phases during the HVAF coating process, validating the thermodynamic phase prediction projected by the Scheil simulation for non-equilibrium processing conditions. The rapid solidification and high velocity impact-assisted deformation of GA powder resulted in significant grain refinement in the HVAF coating, which ultimately improved the mechanical properties at both micro and nanoscale levels. The wear resistance of the HEA coating at RT was severely impacted by the relatively brittle BCC/B2 phase structure, leading to susceptibility to abrasive wear and surface fatigue. The wear resistance at 600 °C was slightly lower at RT due to the formation of a brittle oxide layer on the worn surface, which induced surface fatigue and aggravated mass loss of the coating.CC-BY 4.0This study was supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Project 2021 under project DP210103318 titled “Design of Non-Equilibrium Architectures: Leveraging High Entropy Materials” and under the Industrial Transformation Training Centre project IC180100005 that is titled “Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials”, SEAM.</p
Gambling Habits and Attitudes among Athlete and Non-Athlete High School Students in Skåne Region, Sweden
No full textPrevious literature has reported increased rates of gambling problems in athletes compared to non-athletes. More liberal gambling-related attitudes have been suggested as a reason, although this rarely has been researched. The present study aimed to examine gambling experience, gambling problems, and gambling-related attitudes and parental gambling experience in high school students, comparing student-athletes to students at conventional schools. This is a cross-sectional web survey study in high school students (N = 473, 53% at sports high schools, 57% male) at eleven schools in the Skåne region, Sweden, who answered a web survey addressed gambling experiences, parental gambling and gambling-related attitudes, and included validated screening instruments for gambling problems and psychological distress. A history of any gambling was common and increased with age. Problem gambling was detected in 10% (13% of males and 5% of females, p <.001), and was associated with paternal and maternal gambling but not with psychological distress. Sports high school students were not more likely (9%) than other students (10%) to endorse gambling problems and history of each gambling type. However, paternal (but not maternal) gambling was more commonly reported in athletes, who also had more positive attitudes to gambling’s effects on society and gambling availability. In contrast to other studies, this study did not demonstrate higher prevalence of gambling or gambling problems among young athletes than among other students, but liberal attitudes towards gambling, and experience of parental gambling on the father’s side, were more common among athletes than among non-athletes. Gambling attitudes in adolescents may need to be targeted in future preventive efforts in young athletes and others. © The Author(s) 2024.CC BY 4.0</p
Critical care nurses’ experiences of ethical challenges in end-of-life care
No full textBackground: In Swedish intensive care units, nine percent of patients do not survive despite receiving advanced life-sustaining treatments. As these patients transition to end-of-life care, ethical considerations may become paramount. Aim: To explore the ethical challenges that critical care nurses encounter when caring for patients at the end of life in an intensive care context. Research design: The study used a qualitative approach with an interpretive descriptive design. Research context and participants: Twenty critical care nurses from eight intensive care units in an urban region in Sweden were interviewed, predominately women with a median age of fifty-one years. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by The Swedish Ethics Review Authority. Findings: Critical care nurses described encountering ethical challenges when life-sustaining treatments persisted to patients with minimal survival prospects and when administering pain-relieving medications that could inadvertently hasten patients’ deaths. Challenges also arose when patients expressed a desire to withdraw life-sustaining treatments despite the possibility of recovery, or when family members wanted to shield patients from information about a poor prognosis; these wishes occasionally conflicted with healthcare guidelines. The critical care nurses also encountered ethical challenges when caring for potential organ donors, highlighting the balance between organ preservation and maintaining patient dignity. Conclusion: Critical care nurses encountered ethical challenges when caring for patients at the end of life. They described issues ranging from life-sustaining treatments and administration of pain-relief, to patient preferences and organ donation considerations. Addressing these ethical challenges is essential for delivering compassionate person-centered care, and supporting family members during end-of-life care in an intensive care context. CC-BY 4.0This work was supported by The National Association for Anesthesia and Intensive Care in Sweden.</p
Strategies for Effective Chip Management in Machining of Ductile Cast Iron
No full textA continuously growing and mutating market with increasing demands on environmental sustainability, illuminated by unraveling environmental threats, highlights the need for greater resource efficiency in modern manufacturing industries. Machining has become pivotal in the pursuit of sustainability given its superior efficiency in manufacturing of metallic products. In theory, the efficiency of a machining operation is dictated by the material removal rate and chip formation behavior. However, this may also present additional challenges as chips can be difficult to evacuate from the workpiece, and cause chip carryover. Chip management aims to contain manufacturing costs by addressing this issue and simultaneously pursuing higher machining efficiency. Persistent chips trapped in internal cavities is particularly challenging and can affect quality, and result in costly re-manufacturing, scrapping of portions of produced volume. Effective chip management strategies is therefore crucial to avoid these problems. While there is established research on machining theory and chip removal, proposed solutions are often focused on a specific implementation and lack a holistic perspective on the phenomenon. This study aims to fill this gap in the knowledge by providing a strategic and practical application to tie together information that would otherwise be disaggregated. A case study was conducted to investigate the role of machining, and identify the source of chip carryover and its effect on subsequent production stages. Practical verification demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed interventions in reducing production costs by decreasing the cycle time and reducing waste, and improving product quality. The future of sustainable manufacturing processes relies on the adoption of strategies and interventions that contribute to the efficiency and sustainability of the manufacturing industry. This study provides a valuable contribution to this effort. CC-BY-NC 4.0</p
Book reading in the preschool classroom : A study of teachers' perspectives on book reading in instruction
No full textBakgrund: Enligt Läroplanen för förskoleklass ska bokläsning vara en central del i skolan. I förskoleklass ska man genom att integrera läsning som en viktig del av undervisningen skapa en lockande läsmiljö där eleverna kan utforskas olika böcker på egenhand och tillsammans med andra. Syfte: I vår studie är syftet att undersöka hur bokläsning används i förskoleklassens undervisning. Metod: Studien gjordes med nio kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med lärare som är verksamma i förskoleklass. Resultat: Studien visar att lärare använder böcker som ett pedagogiskt verktyg med flera olika avsikter i förskoleklassen. I första hand använder lärare böcker för att främja barns språkutveckling. Men även att det läggs stor vikt vid bokläsning, så som att lärarna medvetet förbereder bokläsningen för att denna aktivitet ska bli så meningsfull som möjligt
Ensamheten - Att finna mening på ålderns höst : En uppsats mellan integritet och förtvivlan
No full textEnsamhet bland äldre är ett stort problem i dagens samhälle. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur ensamhet bland äldre kan minskas, samt dess påverkan på äldre vuxnas psykiska och fysiska hälsa, samt deras livskvalitet. Det teoretiska ramverk som användes är Erik Eriksons psykosociala teori, om de åtta livsfaserna. Studien syftar även till att belysa hur olika hållbara strategier, såsom deltagande i sociala aktiviteter och gemensamma sammanhang kan bidra till att minska ensamhet, och därmed förbättra både en hållbar hälsa och livskvalitet hos äldre individer. Detta leder fram till studiens forskningsfråga: Hur kan ensamhet hos äldre minskas för att möjliggöra ett hållbart åldrande som främjar livskvalitet? Denna kvalitativa studie inkluderade 11 deltagare som intervjuades: nio äldre individer, samt två individer som arbetar med äldre. När datan var insamlad genomfördes en tematisk analys för att sammanställa ett resultat. Resultatet visar att sociala aktiviteter och god gemenskap är centrala för att minska ensamhet och främja både psykiskoch fysisk hälsa hos äldre. Deltagarna lyfte vikten av regelbundna sociala möten, såsom gemenskapsträffar och soppluncher, samt fysisk aktivitet som sittgympa och promenader. Det framkom även att transportproblem och brist på tillgång till mötesplatser utgör stora hinder för socialt deltagande. För att främja ett hållbart åldrande och livskvalitet är det avgörande att samhället erbjuder fler centralt belägna och lättillgängliga mötesplatser där äldre kan skapa gemenskap. Detta pekar på behovet av en mer inkluderande samhällsstruktur som tar hänsyn till de äldres sociala och fysiska behov.Loneliness among the elderly is a significant problem in today's society. The aim of this study was to investigate how loneliness among elderly can be reduced, as well as its impact on their mental and physical health, and their quality of life. The theoretical framework used in this study is Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory of the eight stages of life. The study also aims to highlight how various sustainable strategies, such as participation in social activities and communal settings, can contribute to reducing loneliness, thereby improving both sustainable health and quality of life for the elderly. This leads to the study's research question: How can loneliness among the elderly be reduced to enable sustainable aging that promotes quality of life? This qualitative study included 11 participants: nine elderly and two staff members who work with elderly. Once the data was collected, a thematic analysis was conducted to compile the results. The findings indicates that social activities and a sense of community are central in reducing loneliness and promoting both mental and physical health among elderly. The participants emphasized the importance of regular social gatherings, such as community gatherings and soup lunches, as well as physical activities like chair exercises and walks. It also emerged that transportation issues and a lack of access to meeting places pose significant barriers to social participation. To promote sustainable aging and quality of life, it is crucial for society to offer more centrally located and easily accessible meeting places where elderly people can build community. This highlights the need for a more inclusive societal structure that considers the social and physical needs of the elderly
A case study of the creation of a supervising boundary practice in a work-integrated language learning program
No full textWhen migrating to a new country, there is often a need to learn a new language and find a job. In Sweden, in an effort to meet this need, a type of work-integrated language learning program, called combination courses, with the idea that students learn the language and a vocation simultaneously, is initiated. In this article, such a combination course, centring around the Swedish language as well as cleaning skills and providing apprenticeship workplace placements for the students, is studied. Using a boundary crossing lens to analyse the ethnographical data, consisting of 65 hours of observations, this case study analyses the boundary practices created by one workplace supervisor. The results show that the supervisor establishes a boundary crossing practice that comprises around two hours of theoretical studies for the student each day he spends on the practice, and over time, this boundary practice becomes more and more similar to schoolwork. This boundary practice provides the student with plenty of language learning affordances. It emphasises both oral and written communication, giving the student the opportunity to refine both during the practice. The experiences gained from this work-integrated language learning program provide valuable insights into the supervising practice involved when students are expected to learn both the language and the vocation simultaneously