The Institute of Language and Folklore
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Wetland Terms in the Swedish Lule Dialect : A Group of Words Seen from the Perspectives of Informants and Interviewer
No full textThe grass of wetlands in northern Sweden has been utilized for mowing and pasture even in our time. There are a large number of words and expressions, expecially in the dialects, to denote and describe the various types of wetlands.The chief aim of the thesis is to investigate some 40 wetland terms in a limited area - the old parish of Luleå, Norrbotten, in northern Sweden - in order to establish their distribution, meanings and use. The aim of the study is also to illustrate different semantic aspects, such as semantic features, semantic fields, the relationship between common nouns and place-names, as well as explanations based on the appearance of the wetlands. The material consists of words that derive from archives, the literature on the subject and interviews with 43 informants, and has been supplemented with studies of the wetlands themselves.Three semantically similar words, drävj, dröla and dovei, are scrutinized and compared with reference to their frequency and distribution, position, humidity, vegetation, form and depth of the ground. To illustrate the relationship between words and referents the author investigates what words are used about (small) muddy pools in a swamp (mire) and about the dry parts of a swamp (in technical language called flarkar and strängar, respectively). The words drävj and dröla are compared with five other words for 'depression/hollow' etc. and 'small pool' etc. Similarities and differences are illustrated in three figures on the basis of criteria like depression/hollow, humidity and size. The words are often explained with reference to special places in the area or to adjacent places, the names of which contain the word in question. With two pairs of words as examples, grande and skärpa, and drävj and dröla, respectively, the author investigates the meanings of the words and their referents and the explanatory strategies of the informants.The author stresses the dependence of word explanations and the learning of words on their contexts and functional situations. This aspect is illustrated in a chapter which summerizes how the author's semantic views of dövel, dröla and drävj have been formed. This is done with reference to the so-called prototype theory.Doktorsavhandling vid Umeå universitet 1992.</p
Attitudes, interference, genitive syntax : Studies in the present-day dialect of Överkalix
No full textThe dissertation deals with the Överkalix dialect in three respects. Överkalix is the northernmost community of the country where Swedish dialect is spoken. It is surrounded on the east and the north by Finnish, and on the west by Finnish and Saami. The first section of the thesis is based on a questionnaire survey among all junior high school students (14-16 years old) in Överkalix and among their parents. It discusses the present-day position of the Överkalix dialect and the attitudes of the people of Överkalix toward the dialect. The results indicate that the people who consider themselves to be speakers of the local dialect have access to two language codes: local dialect and standard Swedish. Personal relationship is the deciding factor in language code choice. None of the parents considers himself/herself to be dialectally monolingual: 11% speak only standard Swedish, 75% keep the varieties apart and are thus bidialectal. 77% of the dialect-speaking students and 69% of those who do not speak dialect have a positive attitude toward the dialect, boys to a greater extent than girls among the dialect-speaking, and girls to a greater extent than boys among non-dialect speakers. The second section examines interference from the surrounding languages, Finnish and Saami, in the Överkalix dialect in general and in the Överkalix dialect of multilingual informantsin particular. These informants speak standard Swedish, dialect, Finnish and/or Saami. The main data of this section originates from recorded interviews performed as informal conversations. The author discusses some characteristic phonetic features in the dialect which seem to be the result of influence from Saami and/or Finnish. The material also shows a number of influences on the syntactic level. The third section describes how the genitive is expressed in the dialect of Överkalix. The author gives several examples of how the -s genitive is paraphrased—most commonly with a prepostion.Eftertryck av doktorsavhandling framlagd vid Uppsala universitet 1990.</p
Ordbok över Sveriges dialekter. Band 1 : Häfte 1, ¹A-Andtäppt
No full textOrdbok över Sveriges dialekter (OSD) har getts ut i ett band om tre häften: Häfte 1: A - Andtäppt Häfte 2: Andvarpning - Arsa Häfte 3: Arsa - Back Att publicera fler häften av ordboken är i nuläget inte aktuellt
Vårleden : Minnesbilder från Holmön
No full textPå Holmön kallas tiden mars—april för vårleden. Det är övergången mellan vinter och vår. Den tiden kunde vara påfrestande för både folk och fä. Då var ofta stor brist på färskvaror. På matbordet fanns kanske bara lakegods (saltad mat) och mjölgröt. Men vårleden var en väntans tid. Man kände den nya våren nalkas. Åter stundar öppet hav, färsk fisk och orrspel — och en ljuvlig blomningstid, en lång och livgivande sommar. I boken berättar Albin Edlund initierat om livet i sin barndoms skärgårdsby Holmön i Kvarken. Tiden är 1920-talet och arbetet med boskapen, fisket och säljakten präglar vardagslivet. Författaren illustrerar sina berättelser kring öns folkliv och traditioner med egna teckningar. Albin Edlund lämnade Holmön vid sexton års ålder, då han antogs till Skeppsgossekåren. Han tjänstgjorde sedan inom flottan och slutade där som kapten, men han har alltid behållit kontakten med Holmön
Utvecklingen av gammalt kort a framför ld och nd i svenska dialekter : A. Text
No full textThe aim of this thesis is to make a detailed survey, based on a representative sample of words, of how Old Swedish short a followed by the consonant combinations ld and nd has developed in the different Swedish dialects, including those of Finland and Estonia, and to contribute further to earlier discussion about the course of, and conditions governing, the development of this vowel. The words studied are (in their Modern Swedish forms): fåll n. hem', gall adj. 'barren, infertile (of a cow)', hålla v. 'hold', kall adj. `cold', ollon n. `acorn, beechmast', vålla v. 'cause', ålder n. 'age'; and n. 'duck', andas v. 'breathe', band n. 'band, ribbon', blanda v. 'mix', brand n. 'firebrand, fire', grand n. 'speck of dust' etc., hand n. 'hand', land n. 'country, land for cultivation, shore' etc., rand n. `stripe, edge' and sand n. 'sand'. For each word in the corpus, a map is used to illustrate the distribution of the different vowel qualities that occur. The study shows that the development of a in the positions in question is considerably more complex than has previously been realized. For one thing, the vowel has not developed in the same way in all the words with an a followed by ld or in all those with a followed by nd. Secondly, regular differences in vowel development are found between ald words on the one hand and and words on the other. An outline survey by the author of the corresponding developments in Danish and Norwegian dialects confirms this picture. An examination of the individual words, moreover, reveals conspicuous local deviations from the expected patterns. The author believes that this wealth of variation cannot be explained solely in terms of intralinguistic factors. As a complementary approach, an attempt should be made to apply a socio-linguistic perspective to the problem.Doktorsavhandling vid Uppsala universitet 1991.</p