RISE – Research Institutes of Sweden
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Från linjärt till cirkulärt : En jämförande lönsamhetsstudie mellan produkt som tjänst och linjärt : Slutrapport
No full textDen här förstudien har undersökt hur lönsamhet mellan affärsmodeller baserade på produkt-som-tjänst (PaaS) och motsvarande linjära affärsmodeller skiljer sig, genom att genomföra en strukturerad litteraturstudie, intervjustudie med PaaS-bolag, samt en workshop tillsammans med Länsförsäkringar. Ett konstaterande är att det finns ett begränsat antal artiklar som studerar lönsamhetsskillnader mellan PaaS och LBM. Den befintliga forskningen föreslår att i) produkttyp och design, ii) kundtyp, iii) konsumentbeteende, iv) marknadsmiljö och v) operationell förmåga kan påverka lönsamhetspotentialen av en cirkulär affärsmodell (pay-per-use eller leasing), jämfört med motsvarande LBM. Endast en av de fem faktorerna, lång livslängd, är tydligt bekräftad som viktig i både litteraturstudien, intervjustudien och workshopen. Intervjustudien lyfter också följande aspekter som potentiellt viktiga för lönsamhet: Uptime, alltså tjänster och avtalsvillkor som är kopplade till “problemfri användning”, tydlig funktionsförsäljning med lång kontraktstid och att det finns starka partners i värdekedjan som kan ta balansräkningen. Generellt visar intervjustudien att B2B ger större lönsamhetspotential än B2C. Länsförsäkringar har ett pågående arbete kring cirkulära affärsmodeller och resultaten från litteratur- och intervjustudien om vad som kan vara viktigt att titta på bekräftas av den gruppen. Några punkter som har bedömts som intressanta för fortsatt diskussion är: • Hur mäter Länsförsäkringar cirkulärt? • Eventuell riskförflyttning från kund till leasingpartner. • Hur kan Länsförsäkringar realisera avtalsfinansiering om partnern skulle ha svårigheter med återbetalningsförmågan? • Hur kan Länsförsäkringar bedöma potentialen i tjänsteerbjudanden utöver själva objektsfinansieringen? Ex. garanterad uptime. Det finns stort behov att utöka forskningen om lönsamhetsskillnader mellan PaaS och LBM, på fler områden. Dels behövs kvantitativa studier som undersöker skillnader på mer aggregerad nivå, dels fler verklighetsbaserade fallstudier, och dels studier om hur förklarande faktorer påverkar varandra
Screen-Printed Piezoelectric Sensors on Tattoo Paper Combined with All-Printed High-Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Electrophysiological Signal Monitoring
No full textThis work demonstrates sensitive and low-cost piezoelectric sensors on skin-friendly, ultrathin, and conformable substrates combined with organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) for the detection and amplification of alternating low-voltage input signals. The fully screen-printed (SP) piezoelectric sensors were manufactured on commercially available tattoo paper substrates, while the all-printed OECTs, relying on an extended gate electrode architecture, were manufactured either by solely using SP or by combining SP and aerosol jet printing (AJP) on PET substrates. Applying a low-voltage signal (±25 mV) to the gate electrode of the SP+AJP OECT results in approximately five times higher current modulation as compared to the fully SP reference OECT. The tattoo paper-based substrate enables transfer of the SP piezoelectric sensor to the skin, which in turn allows for radial pulse monitoring when combined with the SP+AJP OECT; this is possible due to the ability of the conformable sensor to convert mechanical vibrations into voltage signals along with the highly sensitive current modulation ability of the transistor device to further amplify the output signal. The results reported herein pave the way toward all-printed fully conformable wearable devices with high sensitivity to be further utilized for the real-time monitoring of electrophysiological signals
Identification and quantification of fluorinated polymers in consumer products by combustion ion chromatography and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
No full textTotal fluorine was determined in 45 consumer product samples from the Swedish market which were either suspected or known to contain fluorinated polymers. Product categories included cookware (70–550 000 ppm F), textiles (10–1600 ppm F), electronics (20–2100 ppm F), and personal care products (10–630 000 ppm F). To confirm that the fluorine was organic in nature, and deduce structure, a qualitative pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (pyr-GC/MS) method was validated using a suite of reference materials. When applied to samples with unknown PFAS content, the method was successful at identifying polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in cookware, dental products, and electronics at concentrations as low as 0.1–0.2 wt%. It was also possible to distinguish between 3 different side-chain fluorinated polymers in textiles. Several products appeared to contain high levels of inorganic fluorine. This is one of the few studies to quantify fluorine in a wide range of consumer plastics and provides important data on the concentration of fluorine in materials which may be intended for recycling, along with insights into the application of pyr-GC/MS for structural elucidation of fluorinated polymers in consumer products.Funding Vinnova 2021-04200 and Formas 2020-01978</p
Klimatanpassning av befintligt fastighetsbestånd– Vägledning riktad till bostadsbolag
No full textDenna skrift riktar sig till bostadsbolag som vill påbörja arbetet med klimatanpassning av sitt befintliga bestånd. Många bostadsbolag äger och förvaltar stora fastighetsbestånd, därför är det av stor vikt för bolagen att förstå vilka fastigheter som är mest utsatta för olika typer av klimatrisker. När befintliga fastigheter ska anpassas finns ofta utmaningar kopplat till rådighet, ansvar, och lagstiftning, som påverkar vilka åtgärder som är möjliga och lämpliga att vidta. Denna skrift beskriver en möjlig arbetsgång för ett bostadsbolag som är i startgroparna av sitt klimatanpassningsarbete och ger konkreta tips på underlag som behövs och analyser som kan genomföras. Vägledningen har tagits fram som en del av det Vinnovafinansierade forskningsprojektet SODA och baseras på erfarenheter från en fallstudie Uppsalahem.dagvattenhantering kvartersmark. Denna skrift har tagits fram inom VINNOVA-projektet Samverkan för en hållbar hantering av dagvatten på kvartersmark (2021–01603). Arbetet har utförts med stöd från Vinnova.</p
EBOB - Fasadar med solceller eller planter : Eksperimentell studie av brannspreiing i fasadar med solceller (del 1) eller planter (del 2)
No full textFunding: Direktoratet for samfunnssikkerhet og beredskap (DSB) og Direktoratet forByggkvalitet (DiBK)</p
D3.2 Lokalt delad el – juridiska utmaningar och möjligheter
No full text”Systemförändring med lokalt delad energi – en samhällsekonomiskt lönsam modell” är ett forskningsprojekt finansierat av Energimyndigheten inom programmet Pilot och demo.</p
Comparing Feature and Trajectory-Based Remaining Useful Life Modeling of Electrical Resistance Heating Wires
No full textIndustrial heating significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for a substantial portion of annual emissions. The transition to fossil-free operations in the heating industry is closely linked to advancements in industrial electrical heating systems, especially those using resistance heating wires. In this context, Prognostics and Health Management is crucial for enhancing system reliability and sustainability through predictive maintenance strategies. The integration of machine learning technologies into Prognostics and Health Management has significantly improved the precision and applicability of Remaining Useful Life modeling. This improvement enables more accurate predictions of component lifespans, optimizes maintenance schedules, and enhances operational efficiency in industrial heating applications. These developments are essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the sector. This paper serves as a guide for conducting Remaining Useful Life modeling for industrial batch processes. It evaluates and compares two methodologies: deep learning-based approaches using full time-series data, such as recurrent neural networks and their variants, and feature-engineering-based methods, including random forest regression and support vector machines. Our results show that the feature-oriented approach performs better overall in terms of predictive accuracy and computational efficiency. The study includes a detailed sensitivity analysis and hyperparameter estimation for each method, providing valuable insights into developing robust and transparent Prognostics and Health Management systems. These systems are crucial in supporting the heating industry’s move towards more sustainable and emission-free operations. The findings reveal that feature-oriented methods are both performant and robust, particularly excelling in handling outliers. The random forest regression model, in particular, demonstrated the highest performance on the test dataset according to the chosen evaluation metrics. Conversely, trajectory-oriented methods exhibited less bias across varying levels of degradation, a helpful characteristic for Prognostics and Health Management systems. While feature-oriented methods tend to systematically underestimate Remaining Useful Life at high true values and overestimate it at low actual values, this issue is less pronounced in trajectory-oriented models. Overall, these insights highlight the strengths and limitations of each approach, guiding the development of more effective and reliable predictive maintenance strategies.This research work has been funded by the Knowledge Foundation within the framework of the ARRAY (Grant Number 20170214) and INDTECH (Grant Number 20200132) Research School projects, participating companies and,Malardalen University. The authors also give their thanks to the RISE internal project DIGIPROD for supporting thiswork.</p
Reuse of building materials—the perspective of Swedish clients
No full textIn the context of the circular economy, there is an urgent need for transformation into circular material flows by avoiding waste, reducing extraction of virgin raw materials, and extending product life cycles. Within the construction and real estate industry, the reuse of building materials stands out as a critical strategy for value retention. The objective of this paper is to localise the forefront of the practical implementation of reused materials within the Swedish construction and real estate industry. To achieve this, the current state of reuse practices through the perspective of property companies as clients in decision-making positions was conducted through semi-structured interviews to identify key barriers and enablers associated with reuse. The three most significant barriers that emerged were a lack of measurable economic incentives, the absence of a professional reuse market, and obsolete project management. Conversely, the three most significant enablers were new and improved project management methods, enhancing competence and learning within and beyond organisations, and introduce reuse at an early stage. The results emphasise the need for project management to develop and adopt circular economy principles. This is further understood due to responders highlighting the industry’s linear approach as a major obstacle to circularity together with uncertainties related to product performance, responsibilities and economics characterising reuse efforts. However, an industry in transition is witnessed, e.g. by the emergence of new roles which suggests a continued need for focused research in organisational matters.The research is funded by two projects: Bolokal – Hållbar renovering och konvertering till bost¨ader, grant P2022-00857 funded by the Swedish Energy Agency and ASSURE - Adaptation of urban space through sustainable regeneration, grant 2022-01903 funded by the Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development.</p
Metodrapport Event & klimat v 1.0
No full textMethod Report Event & Klimat v 1.0 The digital tool Event & Climate has been developed within the framework of the Vinnova-funded project Climate-smart solutions for events. Within the project, a digital tool was developed to be able to carry out climate calculations. This report includes a method description and documentation of data collection and calculations developed within the project. The toolbox is web-based and has been named Event and Climate. The tool contains four main functions: calculation, a checklist, climate pledge and a library. The report focuses on the calculation function of the tool since it is mainly this part that contains climate data with the aim of calculating the total climate impact of an event and the climate impact per event participant. The calculation part includes climate data in the following areas: accommodation, passenger transport, freight transport, food, energy, purchasing of products and waste. Since the toolbox is intended for event planners and includes more modules than passenger transport and accommodation, a larger system perspective and company perspective is required when it comes to data collection. The purpose of data collection for the toolbox is to obtain climate data with equivalent assumptions and system boundaries: passenger transport and travel (lifecycle emissions from fuel and vehicle production), housing (lifecycle emissions from heating, electricity and laundry, and purchases of products), food (lifecycle emissions from meals and food production), goods (lifecycle emissions from purchases and production), freight transport (lifecycle emissions from fuel and vehicle production), waste (lifecycle emissions from waste management without new production and energy recovery), energy (lifecycle emissions from electricity and heat production). This report includes the documentation of the data collection by the experts and their method description and climate calculations. The report includes an introduction to the GHG protocol and its use within events. The report also includes a comparison and a reference to the GHG protocols. This is to obtain a consistent framework that includes assumptions and system boundaries for the different types of climate data used within the tool. The report also includes good examples and suggestions for improvement.Det digitala verktyget Event & Klimat har utvecklats inom ramen för det Vinnova-finansierade projektet Klimatsmarta lösningar för evenemang.</p
A bi-material FDM system with reinforced mixing and cooling for uniform material mixing and broad functionality
No full textThis work presents a single-nozzle/bi-extrusion FDM technology featuring two material inputs and heating sections connected with a mixing device with a reinforced mixing mechanism. The device ensures uniform mixing of materials, consistent print quality, and functionality, while an air-cooling system allows printing with materials having different solidification temperatures. Trials with six Dryflex TPEs demonstrated precise regulation of material flows, enabling dynamic adjustment of material blends and creation of multiple functionalities in one product. The technology also creates functionally graded materials (FGMs) in transition zones, improving interlayer adhesion and mechanical performance. This advancement enhances production flexibility, efficiency, and product quality, and expands material availability for additive manufacturing. Open access funding provided by RISE Research Institutes of Sweden. This work has been funded by BioInnovation, a Strategic Innovation Program and a joint efort by Vinnova, Formas and Energimyndigheten [grant number 2021–03711]</p