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Procedure for automated low uncertainty assessment of empty cavity mode frequencies in Fabry-Pérot cavity based refractometry
No full textA procedure for automated low uncertainty assessment of empty cavity mode frequencies in Fabry-Pérot cavity based refractometry that does not require access to laser frequency measuring instrumentation is presented. It requires a previously well-characterized system regarding mirror phase shifts, Gouy phase, and mode number, and is based on the fact that the assessed refractivity should not change when mode jumps take place. It is demonstrated that the procedure is capable of assessing mode frequencies with an uncertainty of 30 MHz, which, when assessing pressure of nitrogen, corresponds to an uncertainty of 0.3 mPa.
Satisfaction with a digital support tool targeting alcohol consumption : perspectives from participants in a randomized control trial
No full textAim: Intervention design may be improved through evaluating the feedback from those who have been exposed to such interventions. As such, here the perspectives of the intervention group from a recent randomized control trial investigating the effectiveness of a digital alcohol intervention, in terms of perceived suitability and usefulness of the support tool they engaged with, were investigated. Methods: Respondents (N=475; 45% of the intervention group) answered five quantitative questions addressing user experience, completed the 10-item System Useability Scale, and were offered the opportunity to write free-text feedback. Quantitative measures were analysed using ordinal and linear regression with baseline characteristics as predictors, and free-text responses were evaluated using content analysis. Results: Overall, respondents were positive towards the intervention in terms of it fitting their needs, the usefulness of the tools included, and the usefulness of text message content. The intervention was perceived as more helpful by respondents with lower total weekly alcohol consumption, higher self-reported confidence in their ability to reduce their drinking, and the perceived importance there of, at baseline. The free-text comments revealed the value of reminders as prompts to reflect on one’s own drinking behaviour. Nonetheless, criticisms of the intervention were voiced, primarily highlighting the repetitive nature of the reminders and the lack of individuation in advice. Some also feltlike the intervention was impersonal and targeted only a specific drinking pattern. Conclusions: Experiences of the intervention group in this trial were generally positive, though there may be demand for more individualised, targeted intervention design.This study was conducted under the auspices of the Alcohol Research Council of the Swedish Alcohol Retailing Monopoly (grant numbers 2019–0056 and 2020–0043) and the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life, and Welfare (grant number 2022–00193)</p
Växtnäring till jordbruket i osäkra tider – scenarier och dokumentation från en workshop
No full textMineralgödsel är en förutsättning för dagens konventionella jordbruk och utan mineralgödsel blir det problematiskt att få fram tillräckligt med foder och livsmedel. Sverige har ingen egen produktion av mineralgödsel och försörjningen är därför helt beroende av import. Denna rapport beskriver hur växtnäring hanteras ur beredskapssynpunkt i Sverige idag, och ger också en liten inblick i hur växtnäring har hanterats i tidigare kriser och pristoppar i andra länder. Rapporten beskriver också tre olika tänkbara krisscenarier där växtnäring behöver hanteras på olika sätt för att säkerställa livsmedelsförsörjningen i Sverige. Tidsperspektivet i scenarierna är relativt kort: ett fokuserar på hur växtnäringsförsörjningen kan lösas under den kommande växtodlingssäsongen medan de andra två scenarierna fokuserar på några år framåt i tiden. Scenarierna diskuterades på en workshop med deltagare från jordbruks- och växtnäringssektorn. I rapporten redovisas diskussionerna från workshopen. Under workshopen lyftes några brister i dagens system och förslag på vilket stöd och långsiktiga förändringar som behövs, för att säkra tillgången på växtnäring i Sverige under en kris: • I vardagen finns det ingen nationell eller regional planering av den svenska primärproduktionen och fördelningen av mineralgödsel eller andra insatsvaror till olika verksamheter, utan allt sköts av marknaden. Det finns därför ingen ansvarig offentlig aktör som har helhetsansvar för området. Vid en allvarlig brist på mineralgödsel kan det behövas någon som kliver in, säkrar leveranser och tar beslut om prioriteringar till olika verksamheter och eventuellt styrning av vem som odlar vad. Det kan även behövas någon som ansvarar för förebyggande arbete. • En trygg och resilient försörjning av växtnäring kommer att kräva en mångfald av lösningar. Dessa kräver i varierande grad samordning mellan marknadsaktörer och myndigheter. Vissa kan också kräva ny lagstiftning. Ett ”Gödselmedelskabinett” med ansvar att ta fram en strategi föreslogs. • Lagstiftning bör justeras alternativt införas för att utöka möjligheterna till miljö- och hälsomässigt säker återvinning av resurser från restflöden. Sådana ändringar skulle kunna förberedas redan nu, så att de snabbt kan träda i kraft i händelse av kris eller krig. • Sverige bör utveckla gemensamma strategier och avtal med andra länder, främst inom Norden, till exempel en nordisk strategi för växtnäringsfrågor.Denna rapport är en produkt från ett projekt med titeln ”Produktion och tillförsel av inhemsk och hållbar växtnäring för livsmedelstrygghet i osäkra tider” finansierat av Formas med projektnr 2022-02392.</p
Foreign Information Manipulation & Interference: A Large Language Model Perspective
No full textThis report focus on the intersection ofForeign Information Manipulation andInterference and Large Language Models.The aim is to give a non-technicalcomprehensive understanding of howweaknesses in the language models canbe used for creating malicious content tobe used in FIMI
Folkbildning spelar viktig roll i dagens lärande - En studie och mindre utvärdering av genomförda studiecirklar på RISE 2023.
No full textRISE har genomfört tre studiecirklar inom ämnena totalförsvar, cybersäkerhet och att leda projekt med behov av hög säkerhet, och därigenom visat att formatet studiecirkel är ett framgångsrikt sätt att öka deltagares kunskap och förståelse för respektive ämne. De tre studiecirklarna visade övergripande positiva resultat kring att öka deltagarnas kunskap och engagemang inom sina respektive ämnesområden
Development of a beverage carton closure cap based on 100% wood pulp fibres
No full textSingle-use plastic products have been identified as an environmental challenge. When such products are not recycled, they may end up in nature and thus cause, e.g., marine littering. Thermoformed wood pulp fibre products are gaining more interest to replace fossil plastic products. However, beverage caps made of wood pulp fibres are challenging due to the hygroscopic nature of wood fibres, i.e., they absorb water, deform and loose functionality. Hence, the purpose of this study was to develop a fibre-based beverage cap that could replace plastic tethered cap systems. Both unbleached and bleached Kraft pulp and chemo-thermo-mechanical pulp (CTMP) fibres were tested in thermoforming trials, using tailor-made metal moulds. The results showed that Kraft pulp fibres formed denser structures, with more limited water absorption, compared to CTMP. The mechanical properties of thermoformed specimens were suitable for the application, i.e., the strength, modulus and elongation were between 32 and 36 MPa, 4–4.9 GPa and 1.6–1.9%, respectively, depending on the type of pulp fibre. Additionally, in order to secure that the caps were functional in relevant conditions in contact with liquids (water or milk), the caps were surface modified by silylation and esterification to increase the liquid barrier. The results indicate that surface esterification increased the contact angle to 95°. On the other hand, the surface-modified caps could not entirely limit the liquid absorption over longer periods of time (>∼1 h) when the caps were directly exposed to liquid. However, the liquid barrier was satisfactory when the products were exposed to increased relative humidity in refrigerated conditions (relative humidity >76% and temperature <7 °C). The authors thank Elopak AS and the Research Council of Norway for funding (NEPP project, Grant: 309441). </p
In vitro stimulation with nontuberculous mycobacteria induced a stronger cytokine response in leukocytes isolated from individuals with latent tuberculosis compared to those isolated from active tuberculosis or cystic fibrosis patients
No full textMycobacterium tuberculosis and opportunistic environmental non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can cause severe infection. Why latent tuberculosis infection advances to active disease, and why some individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) develop pulmonary infections with NTM is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effector function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from individuals with active or latent tuberculosis, individuals with CF with or without pulmonary NTM-infection and healthy controls, by measuring cytokine response to in vitro stimulation with different species of NTMs. The cytokine concentrations of IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23, IL-10, IL12p70 and IFN-γ were measured in PBMC-culture supernatants after stimulation with NTMs. PBMCs from individuals with latent tuberculosis infection showed strong IL-17A, IL-22, and IFN-γ responses compared to individuals with active tuberculosis or CF. IL-10 production was low in both tuberculosis groups compared to the CF groups and controls. This study suggests that IL-17A and IL-22 might be important to keep tuberculosis in a latent phase and that individuals with CF with an ongoing NTM infection seem to have a low cytokine response. © 2024 The AuthorsThis work was supported by The Swedish Government under the ALF agreement [grant number #95340] and with grants from Region Västra Gotaland, Sweden and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. </p
Impact of functional integration and electrification on aluminium scrap in the automotive sector : A review
No full textThe shift towards vehicle electrification must progress while simultaneously addressing sustainability challenges related to lightweighting, which is the intensifying need for high-quality primary aluminium, which demand cannot be met with recycled material with traditional compositional limits. To understand and predict the characteristics of future scrap mixtures, it is crucial to comprehend the evolving composition of new components and associated trends. This insight helps alloy design that accommodates higher impurities and, thus, a more thoughtful strategy for materials process development research. This review delves into the impact of electric motors, batteries, and functional integration. Notably, the analysis herein indicates a rise in magnesium (Mg) and a decrease in copper (Cu) and silicon (Si) contents in the future scrap mixtures due to more Al–Mg alloys such as those found in the 5xxx (Al–Mg) and 6xxx (Al–Mg–Si) series and an outflux of high Al–Si–Cu engine alloys. Gigacastings might counteract this trend based on their Si content and adoption and promote circularity principles by reducing alloy varieties. Reduced Si content in future scrap mixtures is also expected to boost sustainability since significant CO2 emissions from recycled alloys come from melting, controlled by the latent heat of fusion of the scrap mix. © 2024 The AuthorsVinnova funded the current work under the project ClimAl contract number 2022-02602. The project's industrial partners are acknowledged: Gränges Finspång AB, Polestar Performance AB, Stena Recycling AB, RISE Research Institute of Sweden AB and AP&T Sweden AB.</p
Methodology for Test Case Allocation Based on a Formalized ODD
No full textThe emergence of Connected, Cooperative, and Automated Mobility (CCAM) systems has significantly transformed the safety assessment landscape. Because they integrate automated vehicle functions beyond those managed by a human driver, new methods are required to evaluate their safety. Approaches that compile evidence from multiple test environments have been proposed for type-approval and similar evaluations, emphasizing scenario coverage within the system’s Operational Design Domain (ODD). However, aligning diverse test environment requirements with distinct testing capabilities remains challenging. This paper presents a method for evaluating the suitability of test case allocation to various test environments by drawing on and extending an existing ODD formalization with key testing attributes. The resulting construct integrates ODD parameters and additional test attributes to capture a given test environment’s relevant capabilities. This approach supports automatic suitability evaluation and is demonstrated through a case study on an automated reversing truck function. The system's implementation fidelity is tied to ODD parameters, facilitating automated test case allocation based on each environment’s capacity for object-detection sensor assessment.We acknowledge the support of the Swedish Knowledge Foundationvia the industrial doctoral school RELIANT, grant nr: 20220130. This research wascarried out within the SUNRISE project and is funded by the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Actions under grant agreement No.101069573.</p
Repeatable Visibility Degradation using Water Spray for AD and ADAS Testing
No full text Automated vehicles and active safety functions based on sensor technology have been identified by the automotive industry as catalysts for improved safety, sustainability, accessibility, and efficiency. As technology advances, the applications of these systems are constantly expanding. Alongside these advancements, methods must be developed to evaluate and test AD and ADAS system performance and reliability in relevant and repeatable ways. This work outlines the main challenges in developing and evaluating a test method for generating road spray, a turbulent mix of fine water particles that reduce visibility caused by vehicles driving on wet surfaces. A hardware prototype and an appurtenant evaluation process were designed and produced to realize the test method. The evaluation process includes an automated software tool to quantify the prototype’s ability to degrade visibility and a method for automating sensor calibration for data collection at different locations and times. One of the key findings is the challenge of eliminating external disturbances in the test environment. Factors such as light and wind conditions significantly affect visibility through spray. The work concludes that controlling these factors is essential for achieving test repeatability. We successfully recreated road spray in a controlled environment, attenuating a sensor’s perceptive ability in steps of up to 80%, repeatedly within ±5-15%