RISE – Research Institutes of Sweden
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Exploring the Somatic Possibilities of Shape-Changing Car Seats
No full textThrough a soma design process, we explored how to design a shape-changing car seat as a point of interaction between the car and the driver. We developed a low-fdelity prototyping tool to support this design work and describe our experiences of using this tool in a workshop with a car manufacturer. We share the co-designed patterns that we developed: re-engaging in driving; dis-engaging from driving; saying farewell; and being held while turning. Our analysis contributes design knowledge on how we should design for a car seat to ‘touch’ larger, potentially heavier parts of the body including the back, shoulders, hips, and bottom. The non-habitual experience of shape-changing elements in the driver seat helped pinpoint the link between somatic experience and intelligent rational behaviour in driving tasks. Relevant meaning-making processes arose when the two were aligned, improving on the holistic coming together of driver, car, and the road travelled.
Overview of the CLEF-2024 Eloquent Lab : Task 2 on HalluciGen
No full textIn the HalluciGen task we aim to discover whether LLMs have an internal representation of hallucination. Specifically, we investigate whether LLMs can be used to both generate and detect hallucinated content. In the cross-model evaluation setting we take this a step further and explore the viability of using an LLM to evaluate output produced by another LLM. We include generation, detection, and cross-model evaluation steps for two scenarios: paraphrase and machine translation. Overall we find that performance of the baselines and submitted systems is highly variable, however initial results are promising and lessons learned from this year’s task will provide a solid foundation for future iterations of the task. In particular, we highlight that human validation of generated output is ideally necessary to ensure the robustness of the cross-model evaluation results. We aim to address this challenge in future iterations of HalluciGen. This lab has been partially supported by the Swedish Research Council (grant number 2022-02909) and by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) under the UK government's Horizon Europe funding guarantee [grant number 10039436 (Utter)].</p
Three dimensional simulations of FRC beams and panels with explicit definition of fibres-concrete interaction
No full textHigh performance concrete (HPC) is a quite novel material which has been rapidly developed in the last few decades. It exhibits superior mechanical properties and durability comparing to normal concrete. HPC can achieve also superior tensile performance if strong fibres (steel or carbon) are implemented in the matrix. Thus, there exist the unabated interest in studying how the addition of different types of fibres modifies the behaviour of HPC. Nowadays, a standard numerical approaches to model the behaviour of fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) are carried out by means of the smeared or discrete crack modelling of homogenous media with appropriately changed stress-strain relationships. The objective of this paper is to develop a new and efficient mesoscale modelling approach for steel fibre reinforced high-performance concrete. The main idea of presented approach is to assume the fully 3D modelling with taking into account explicitly the distribution and orientation of the steel fibres. As a benchmark, results obtained from experimental campaign on beams and panels made from high-performance concrete with steel fibres of different sizes and dosages were taken. Results of numerical simulations were directly compared with experimental outcomes in order to validate and calibrate FE-model and to introduce the efficient numerical modelling tool.The experimental part of the research presented in this paper has been financed by the Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten) within the project WECHull “Sustainable and reliable materials leading to improved WEC hulls” grant number 51690-1 in period 2021–2023.</p
Potential and goal conflicts in reverse auction design for bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS)
No full textBioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is considered as a future key technology to provide baseload electricity, heat, pulp, paper, and biofuels, while also enabling atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR). Sweden seeks to lead the way in bringing this technology up to scale, introducing a EUR 3.6 billion reverse auction scheme to facilitate market entry of companies producing BECCS. We explore instrument design preferences among politicians, regulators, and prospective BECCS operators to identify trade-offs and explore feasible policy design. Based on 35 interviews with experts in the latent BECCS sector in Sweden, we identify under which circumstances prospective operators would be willing to place bids and discuss how actor preferences both align with and challenge auction theory. The analysis concludes that at least four dilemmas need attention. These concerns how to: (1) balance the state’s demand for BECCS to be implemented already in 2030 against the prospective BECCS operators’ fear of the winner’s curse, i.e., a fear of bidding for a contract that turns out to be too costly to implement; (2) allocate contracts at the margin of the auctioneer’s demand for BECCS without driving up costs; (3) design compliance mechanism to achieve effectiveness without undermining efficiency, and; 4) integrate the auction with the voluntary carbon market—if at all—in a manner that safeguards the environmental integrity of the auctions. This research was funded by Energimyndigheten (the Swedish Energy Agency), under Grant Nos. P2022-00172 and P2022-01125, the Volkswagen AG as part of an endowed professorship via the Stifterverband, and the EU Horizon Europe programme under Grant Agreement No. 101081521.</p
Circular Economy Outlook 2024 Sverige
No full textCircular Economy Outlook är en undersökning och analys av företagens cirkulära omställning i Sverige och Norden. Eftersom de flesta materialflöden går genom företagen behöver vi förstå med vilken omfattning och intensitet bolagen arbetar för cirkularitet: från mål och val av cirkulära strategier till mätbara resultat. Problemet. Ungefär hälften (av de globala klimatutsläppen kan elimineras genom minimering av utvinning och maximering av användning, återanvändning och återvinning av material. De nordiska länderna presterar dåligt: vi ligger alla under det globala genomsnittet för cirkularitet på 7,2%4 – som tyvärr stadigt sjunker. Möjligheten. Cirkulär ekonomi är en förutsättning för klimatomställning och ett hållbart samhälle. Vi ser en växande medvetenhet och engagemang hos näringslivet. Att skapa förutsättningar för företagens omställning bör därför vara en prioritet för samhället. Syfte. Det finns utmärkta studier på nationella materialflöden uppifrån-ner. Men det finns (tills nu) ingen storskalig datadriven undersökning av företagens cirkulära aktiviteter nerifrån–upp. De frågor vi försöker besvara i denna studie tror vi behövs för att möjliggöra en saklig diskussion om och acceleration av näringslivets omställning och utformning av effektiva styrmedel. Metod. Analysen i denna rapport omfattar en kvantitativ studie av samtliga bolag som är noterade på LargeCap-, MidCap- och SmallCap-listorna samt ett mindre urval onoterade småföretag (10–49 anställda). I studien ingår även kvalitativa intervjuer med ett representativt urval bolag och samtal med en lång rad experter och intressenter. Vi redovisar analys och resultat i två publikationer: 1. en svensk delrapport (denna publikation) och 2. en nordisk rapport på engelska (publiceras under hösten). Koncept. I den kvalitativa enkäten har vi utvecklat och tillämpat en frågematris där vi för varje cirkulär strategi ställt nio frågor om prevalens, viktighet, mål, genomförande, mätning, pengar, drivkrafter, konkurrenter och hinder. Svaren har genererat högupplöst data som möjliggör en mängd olika typer av analyser. Svarsfrekvens. I denna delrapport ingår 196 enkätsvar från och 28 intervjuer med svenska företag. Svarsfrekvensen för enkäten är hög: 38% av de noterade bolagen på Stockholmsbörsens tre huvudlistor har svarat (137 av 363). Resultat. Detta är den första breda undersökningen av hur svenska företag arbetar med cirkulär ekonomi. Studien ger oss inblick i aktivitet, motiv och behov. Den vanligaste drivkraften för cirkulära strategier är affärsmöjligheter. Det vanligaste hindret är bristande efterfrågan eller att bolagen fastnat i en linjär affärsmodell. Samtidigt är det få bolag som själva ställer cirkulära krav på sina leverantörer. En femtedel uppger att de gör det enbart när de tvingas av kunder eller myndigheter. En majoritet förväntar sig att deras konkurrenter kommer att utveckla signifikanta cirkulära förmågor de närmaste åren. 90% uppger att de i någon mån arbetar med minst en cirkulär strategi, men bara hälften av dessa jobbar med genomförande. De bolag som har mål och mäter måluppfyllnad indikerar att de jobbar med genomförande i fyra gånger högre utsträckning än bolag utan mål. Det som mäts blir alltså gjort. Eller: de som formulerar mål ser till att genomföra dem.Denna delrapport för Sverige ingår i en studie av alla nordiska börsnoterade bolag. Rapporten är genomförd av Cradlenet och RISE med stöd av RE:Source och finansiering från en rad sponsorer. Den nordiska rapporten publiceras hösten 2024.</p
Effect of Raw Material and Process Conditions During the Dry Forming of CTMP Fibers for Molded Pulp Products
No full textThis article provides a concise insight into the thermoforming of airlaid CTMP pulp. First, the airlaid process was studied, showing that fiber fractionation and the retention of fines occurred in the forming head. Then, the effect of temperature and pressure during thermoforming was investigated. Harsher conditions, i.e. higher temperature and pressure, yielded greater densification of the substrate and higher tensile strength. The maximum strength was found at the highest settings tested, that is, 100 MPa and 200°C. The screening of thermoforming conditions was also compared to previously published results on wetforming. Next, the effect of softwood CTMP pulp was delineated, which on average showed the best mechanical properties at elevated freeness and high degrees of bleaching. At last, a comparison between dry forming and wetforming was made for one selected pulp quality. Here, the dryformed substrates were stiffer at low elongation, yet the wetformed substrates yielded a greater extensibility and higher tensile strength. In conclusion, dryformed pulp mostly relies on temperature and pressure for bond formation during thermoforming, which produces materials that are distinctly different from wetformed molded pulp. The research in this article was conducted as part of the project “TEFFI – Termoformede fiberprodukter for funksjonell og bærekraftig emballering av ferske matvarer”, grant number 309727. BEWI Norplast AS is acknowledged for supporting the project and MM FollaCell AS for providing the different pulps. The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding from the Research Council of Norway</p
ALCEA : The Architecture Life-Cycle Effect Analysis Method
No full textThis article describes the architecture life cycle effect analysis (ALCEA) method, a structured method for evaluating proposed new architectures for software-intensive systems. The method evaluates a proposed architecture by quantifying its effect on the performance of system life-cycle phases. The method is instantiated by identifying the relevant life-cycle phases of the system under investigation and a set of evaluation functions that capture, in terms of basic factors, the effect of different architectural decisions on key life-cycle PAs, such as revenue, operating resources, and investments. The method results in a transparent cost and revenue structure, documented in a tabular form, based on quantifiable factors from the developing organization. The results of the method can be used directly as part of a business case, and their robustness can be estimated by sensitivity analysis. The ALCEA method is designed for system-level architectural analysis, covering both software and hardware aspects. In this article, we introduce the ALCEA method and provide a detailed example of how to apply it in the evolution of embedded systems. Moreover, we share early experiences of using the method in large-scale industrial settings
Återbrukade eventkläder - En förenklad LCA. Exempel på textilier för klimatsmarta evenemang Way Out West och West Pride
No full textTextiles reused for climate smart events - A simplified LCA Since 2022, the outdoor music festival Way Out West has been talking about climate and sustainable festivals. For the third year in a row, the event has started with the Greentopia climate stage, where researchers, artists, and community debaters discuss everything from sustainable tours to festival fashion, and how “the music and festival industry can accelerate the climate transition.” Since 2024, there has been a record audience of over 70,000 visitors during the festival days. The project Solutions for climate-smart events was initiated by, among others, Göteborg & Co and Got Event AB, which are all part of the City of Gothenburg. Got Event arranges sports, culture and entertainment at several arenas in the city. To reduce the climate impact of clothing consumption, recycled event clothing has been developed. There is clothing consumption that mostly affects organizers, such as official clothing. There is also clothing consumption that affects visitors, such as festival merchandise. To reduce climate emissions from events, recycled event clothing has been tested. This was done in collaboration with Science Park Borås and the project “circular event clothing” and “looped care clothing”. 1. For the event “Way out West” in 2022, “looped care clothing” has been created in collaboration with textile designers and comes from healthcare professionals in Gothenburg City. 2. Since then, all festival merch from “Way out West” in 2023 has consisted of “recycled second-hand clothing” from Stadsmissionen. 3. For the event “West Pride” in 2023, “looped event clothing” has been created and comes from healthcare professionals in Dalarna. This has been done in collaboration with the textile service company Elis. This report maps and calculates how much climate impact will be reduced by using recycled event clothing and recycled visitor clothing (festival merch). This is compared to new clothing, such as official clothing or visitor clothing (festival merch). The following results have been developed during the project period: Recycled event clothing will reduce climate impact. 65-70% reduced climate impact between new and remanufacturing (care clothing). 40-50% reduced climate impact between new and remanufacturing (festival merch). 55-75% reduced climate impact between new and remanufacturing (Care T-shirts). The following lessons have been developed during the project period: It is important that transport and printing can be crucial for recycled event clothing. It is important that the garments are used as long as possible, which is crucial. It is important to choose a neural design, so that the garments are used longer. It is important to have removable prints, so that the garments are used more times.Denna rapport är en del av projektet ”klimatsmarta event” finansierad av Vinnova.</p
Role of Stakeholder Engagement in Sustainable Development in Estonian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
No full textAs the world becomes increasingly aware of the negative impacts of human activity on the environment, there is an urgent need for sustainability. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are essential contributors to the economy and their role in promoting sustainability cannot be overstated. This study examines the role of stakeholders in promoting the sustainable development of SMEs, with focusing on environmental sustainability and innovation. Specifically, it investigates the role of customers, local governments, competitors, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This study employs a qualitative approach using 10 semi-structured interviews to collect data from SMEs operating in Estonia. These findings suggest that stakeholder engagement is crucial for promoting the sustainable development of SMEs. While the government may not play an active role in promoting sustainability, NGOs, consumers, and competitors can all play an important role in supporting SMEs' sustainability efforts. These findings provide insights into the various stakeholders that SMEs should consider in their sustainability strategies and highlight the importance of collaboration and engagement with stakeholders to achieve sustainable development goals. The study contributes to the understanding of the role of stakeholders in promoting sustainable development in SMEs, specifically in the context of Estonia
Moisture-Dependent Vibrational Dynamics and Phonon Transport in Nanocellulose Materials
No full textSuperinsulating nanofibrillar cellulose foams have the potential to replace fossil-based insulating materials, but the development is hampered by the moisture-dependent heat transport and the lack of direct measurements of phonon transport. Here, inelastic neutron scattering is used together with wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and small angle neutron scattering to relate the moisture-dependent structural modifications to the vibrational dynamics and phonon transport and scattering of cellulose nanofibrils from wood and tunicate, and wood cellulose nanocrystals (W-CNC). The moisture interacted primarily with the disordered regions in nanocellulose, and WAXS showed that the crystallinity and coherence length increased as the moisture content increased. The phonon population derived from directional-dependent phonon density of states (GDOS) increased along the cellulose chains in W-CNC between 5 and 8 wt% D2O, while the phonon population perpendicular to the chains remained relatively unaffected, suggesting that the effect of increased crystallinity and coherence length on phonon transport is compensated by the moisture-induced swelling of the foam walls. Frequency scaling in the low-energy GDOS showed that materials based on hygroscopic and semicrystalline nanocellulose falls in between the predicted behavior for solids and liquids. Phonon-engineering of hygroscopic biopolymer-based insulation materials is promoted by the insights on the moisture-dependent phonon transport.A.Å. and L.B. acknowledge the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF)-funded graduate school SwedNess (grant GSn15-008) for financial support. E.N. acknowledges financial support from the SSF-Swedness PostDoc grant (SNP21-0004) and the Foundation Blanceflor 2024 fellow scholarship. L.B. gratefully acknowledge support from the Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability (WISE) funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW). K.U. thanks Sakura Inada for her kind cooperation in preparing the T-CNF. This work is based on experiments performed at the Swiss spallation neutron source SINQ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland. Beamtime was allocated on the FOCUS instrument, proposal 20212665. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) for access to neutron beamtime at the TOSCA instrument at ISIS, proposal RB2220550. The SANS experiment at the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility of J-PARC was performed under a user program, proposal 2023B0102, at the BL-15TAIKAN instrument. The authors acknowledge DESY (Hamburg, Germany),a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF, for the provision of experimental facilities. Part of this research was carried out at PETRA III, P62beamline, proposal I-20230270 EC.</p