RISE – Research Institutes of Sweden
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BRAVENT – Veileder for brannteknisk prosjektering av ventilasjonsanlegg i skolebygg
No full textDette dokumentet er en veileder. Veilederen skal benyttes av rådgivende ingeniører i brannteknisk prosjektering av ventilasjonsanlegg i skolebygg. Det fokuseres på rømningssikkerhet og skadebegrensning ved små branner i en tidlig fase av brannforløpet. Veilederen beskriver forutsetninger for bruk, krav og preaksepterte ytelser i VTEK, samt ulike typer ventilasjonsanlegg med tilhørende komponenter. Dokumentet illustrerer typiske prinsippløsninger for ulike ventilasjonsstrategier i bygg, samt forskningsresultater fra brannforsøk og undersøkelser i tidligere faser av BRAVENT-prosjektet. Veilederen tar for seg nybygg, eksisterende bygg og verneverdige bygg hvor grensesnittet mellom rådgivende ingeniør brann (RIBr), ventilasjon (RIV), elektro (RIE) og automasjon (RIAut) defineres. En sjekkliste oppsummerer viktige punkter å hensynta ved prosjektering av ventilasjonsanlegg. Rutiner for drift og vedlikehold beskrives til slutt.BRAVENT er et Innovasjonsprosjekt finansiert av Norges forskningsråd, program SAMRISK- 2-Samfunnssikkerhet og risiko, prosjektnummer 321099, samt av prosjektpartnerne. Prosjektet pågår i perioden 2021-2024. Prosjekteier er Oslobygg KF, prosjektleder er RISE Fire Research, forskningspartner er SINTEF Community og de andre partnerne i prosjektet er GK Norge, TROX Auranor Norge, Bergen Kommune og Trondheim Eiendom (2021-2022).</p
Prosjektnotat : Kontrollplan – Ventilasjonsanleggets funksjon under brann
No full textDette notatet er en delleveranse i arbeidspakke WP3 i prosjektet BRAVENT – Effektiv ventilasjon av røyk fra små branner. Notatet med tilhørende vedlegg Kontrollplan gir en beskrivelse av hvordan periodisk kontroll og daglig/ukentlig internkontroll av ventilasjonsanleggets funksjon under brann i skolebygg kan utføres. Kontrollplanen kan også være nyttig for bruk i andre offentlige formålsbygg
Machine learning testing in an ADAS case study using simulation-integrated bio-inspired search-based testing
No full textThis paper presents an extended version of Deeper, a search-based simulation-integrated test solution that generates failure-revealing test scenarios for testing a deep neural network-based lane-keeping system. In the newly proposed version, we utilize a new set of bio-inspired search algorithms, genetic algorithm (GA), (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) evolution strategies (ES), and particle swarm optimization (PSO), that leverage a quality population seed and domain-specific crossover and mutation operations tailored for the presentation model used for modeling the test scenarios. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the new test generators within Deeper, we carry out an empirical evaluation and comparison with regard to the results of five participating tools in the cyber-physical systems testing competition at SBST 2021. Our evaluation shows the newly proposed test generators in Deeper not only represent a considerable improvement on the previous version but also prove to be effective and efficient in provoking a considerable number of diverse failure-revealing test scenarios for testing an ML-driven lane-keeping system. They can trigger several failures while promoting test scenario diversity, under a limited test time budget, high target failure severity, and strict speed limit constraints. Correspondence Address: M.H. Moghadam; Smart Industrial Automation, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Västerås, Stora Gatan 36, 722 12, Sweden; This work has been funded by Vinnova through the ITEA3 European IVVES ( https://itea3.org/project/ivves.html ) and H2020‐ECSEL European AIDOaRT ( https://www.aidoart.eu/ ) and InSecTT ( https://www.insectt.eu/ ) projects. Furthermore, the project received partially financial support from the SMILE III project financed by Vinnova, FFI, Fordonsstrategisk forskning och innovation under the grant number: 2019‐05871.</p
Alternative Metallic Fillers for the Preparation of Conductive Nanoinks for Sustainable Electronics
No full textThe development of electronics with net zero carbon emissions through more efficient and environmentally friendly materials and processes is still a challenge. Here, alternative chemical synthesis routes of metal conductive nanoparticles, based on biodegradable materials are explored, such as nickel, iron–nickel alloy and iron nanoparticles, to be used, in the long term, as fillers in inks for inject printing. Thus, Ni and FeNi metal nanoparticles of 25–12 nm, forming aggregates of 614–574 nm, respectively, are synthesized in water in the presence of a polyol and a reducing agent and under microwave heating that enables a more uniform and fast heating. Iron nanoparticles of 120 ± 40 nm are synthesized in polyol that limits the aggregation and the oxidation degree. Commercial metal nanoparticles of iron and nickel, are coated with ethylene glycol and used for comparison. The conductivity of nanoparticles when pressed into pellets remains similar for both commercial and synthesized samples. However, when deposited on a strip line and heated, synthesized Ni, FeNi, and Fe nanoparticles show significant conductivity and interesting magnetic properties. It is demonstrated that the nanosize facilitates sintering at reduced temperatures and the capping agents prevent oxidation, resulting in promising conductive fillers for printed electronic applications. B.C.P. and C.D.U. contributed equally to this work. This research wasfunded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, grant number PID2020-13480RB-I00 and TED2021-130191B-C43, and by the EU-commission,HORIZON-CL4-2021-DIGITAL-EMERGING-01 (HyPELignum), PROJECTNo.101070302 (2022-26). M.S. was supported by a Margarita Salas fel-lowship financed by the European Union-NextGenerationEU and thePlan for Recovery, Transformation and Resilience. Authors also acknowl-edge the Servicio Interdepartamental de Investigación at the Universi-dad Autónoma de Madrid, the TEM Service at the Centro de BiologíaMolecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM), SEM at MiNa Labora-tory (IMN, funding from CM (project S2018/NMT-4291 TEC2SPACE),MINECO (project CSIC13-4E-1794) and EU (FEDER, FSE)) and XRD, FTIR,the elemental and thermal analysis, and the characterization and growthof thin films service at ICMM/CSIC.</p
Implications of accounting for marker-based population structure in the quantitative genetic evaluation of genetic parameters related to growth and wood properties in Norway spruce
No full textBackground: Forest geneticists typically use provenances to account for population differences in their improvement schemes; however, the historical records of the imported materials might not be very precise or well-aligned with the genetic clusters derived from advanced molecular techniques. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of marker-based population structure on genetic parameter estimates related to growth and wood properties and their trade-offs in Norway spruce, by either incorporating it as a fixed effect (model-A) or excluding it entirely from the analysis (model-B). Results: Our results indicate that models incorporating population structure significantly reduce estimates of additive genetic variance, resulting in substantial reduction of narrow-sense heritability. However, these models considerably improve prediction accuracies. This was particularly significant for growth and solid-wood properties, which showed to have the highest population genetic differentiation (QST) among the studied traits. Additionally, although the pattern of correlations remained similar across the models, their magnitude was slightly lower for models that included population structure as a fixed effect. This suggests that selection, consistently performed within populations, might be less affected by unfavourable genetic correlations compared to mass selection conducted without pedigree restrictions. Conclusion: We conclude that the results of models properly accounting for population structure are more accurate and less biased compared to those neglecting this effect. This might have practical implications for breeders and forest managers where, decisions based on imprecise selections can pose a high risk to economic efficiency.This study was funded by the EU project Assess4EST under ForestValue with grant number Forestvalue_JC2021_JES_087</p
Spreading angle analysis on the tensile capacities of birch plywood plates in adhesively bonded timber connections
No full textThis paper focuses on a particular application of birch plywood in adhesively bonded connections, namely, a node of a timber truss. The aim is to investigate the influence of the plywood’s additional width and the load-to-face grain angles on its load-bearing capacity in tension (tensile capacity). The experimental tests started from the case with the plywood width the same as the glulam width. The reference tensile strengths tested from the specimens with a small gap between glulam elements are high at any load-to-face grain angle, i.e., around 51 MPa, 44 MPa, and 41 MPa at 0°, 22.5°, and 45° to the face grain respectively, due to the changed crack paths of the 22.5° and 45° plywood. The very low angle-dependent tensile strength is unique for cross-grained veneer-based panels in adhesively bonded connections, and is promising for applications in truss nodes. With the increase of the plywood width, the tensile capacity of birch plywood tended to reach a plateau. Test results indicated a low angle-dependence of the maximum tensile capacities of birch plywood but the plateaus were reached at different plywood widths. This phenomenon can be well interpreted by introducing the concept of effective widths and spreading angles. The specific spreading angles were determined by comparing the predicted tensile capacity to the test results, which should be valid for adhesively bonded birch plywood plates in truss nodes irrespective of the geometrical parameters.
Production and Characterization of Melt-Spun Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) Blend Monofilaments
No full textWe investigated the melt-spinning potential of a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) blend using a piston spinning machine with two different spinneret diameters (0.2 and 0.5 mm). Results from the differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and tensile testing showed distinct filament properties depending on the monofilaments’ cross-sectional area. Finer filaments possessed different melting behaviors compared to the coarser filaments and the neat polymer, indicating the formation of a different type of polymer crystal. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the finer filament (tensile strength: 21.5 MPa and elongation at break: 341%) differed markedly from the coarser filament (tensile strength: 11.7 MPa, elongation at break: 12.3%). The hydrolytic stability of the filaments was evaluated for 7 weeks in a phosphate-buffered saline solution and showed a considerably reduced elongation at break of the thinner filaments. Overall, the results indicate considerable potential for further filament improvements to facilitate textile processing
Investigating the stability of aromatic carboxylic acids in hydrated magnesium sulfate under UV irradiation to assist detection of organics on Mars
No full textThe Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) instrument onboard the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover detected so far some of the most intense fluorescence signals in association with sulfates analyzing abraded patches of rocks at Jezero crater, Mars. To assess the plausibility of an organic origin of these signals, it is key to understand if organics can survive exposure to ambient Martian UV after exposure by the Perseverance abrasion tool and prior to analysis by SHERLOC. In this work, we investigated the stability of organo-sulfate assemblages under Martian-like UV irradiation and we observed that the spectroscopic features of phthalic and mellitic acid embedded into hydrated magnesium sulfate do not change for UV exposures corresponding to at least 48 Martian sols and, thus, should still be detectable in fluorescence when the SHERLOC analysis takes place, thanks to the photoprotective properties of magnesium sulfate. In addition, different photoproduct bands diagnostic of the parent carboxylic acid molecules could be observed. The photoprotective behavior of hydrated magnesium sulfate corroborates the hypothesis that sulfates might have played a key role in the preservation of organics on Mars, and that the fluorescence signals detected by SHERLOC in association with sulfates could potentially arise from organic compounds. Tis research was supported by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) through the ASI/INAF agreement no. 2023-3-HH, and by European Union—Next Generation EU through the PRIN MUR 2022 “Experimental and computational analog studies to support identifcation of organics on Mars by the NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance rover”. In addition, T.F. was supported by INAF through Mini Grant Ricerca Fondamentale INAF 2022. I.P., J.A. and J.M.M. acknowledge the support of the PAMMAT project funded by the Spanish Agency for Research, Contract No. PID2022-142750OB-I00. E.A.C. and D.M.A. thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Grant No. RGPIN0-2023-03413 and Canadian Space Agency Grant No. 22EXPCOI4 for supporting this project. M.B. acknowledge the COST Action CA21101 “COSY–Confned molecular systems: from a new generation of materials to the stars”. G.P. acknowledge support from Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES). A. V.-R. is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN)/State Agency of Research (AEI) project PID2021-126719OB-C41, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE.</p
μWheel : Aggregate Management for Streams and Queries
No full textAggregate management is equally significant for both streaming and query workloads. However, the prevalent approach of separating stream processing and query analysis impairs performance, hinders aggregate reuse, increases resource demands, and lowers data freshness. μWheel addresses this problem by unifying aggregate management needs within a single system optimized for continuous event streams. μWheel pre-aggregates and indexes timestamped data arriving out-of-order, enabling the sharing of aggregates across arbitrary time intervals while respecting low watermarks. Our performance analysis demonstrates that μWheel dramatically outperforms current aggregate sharing techniques for high-volume streaming, particularly when handling numerous concurrent window slides. Crucially, μWheel also delivers performance comparable to specialized pre-aggregation indexes for supporting ad-hoc queries and does so with significantly reduced storage requirements. μWheel’s efficiency stems from its compact wheel-based data layout, featuring implicit timestamps, a query-agnostic time hierarchy, and a query optimizer designed to minimize aggregate operations.This work has been supported by Vinnova (Grant No.: 2022-03036),the Swedish Foundation of Strategic Research (Grant No.: BD15-0006), and Wallenberg AI NEST (DataBound Computing). </p
Analog Mobile Fronthaul for 6G and Beyond
No full textThis paper highlights the potential of photonic-assisted analog fronthaul solutions, particularly analog radio-over-fiber (ARoF) and analog radio-over-free-space-optics (ARoFSO), as prospective alternatives for the development of 6G applications. First, we present (New-Radio) NR&#x002F;5G conformance testing of ARoF and ARoFSO fronthaul links, including the assessment of the error vector magnitude (EVM) and adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACLR) to demonstrate compliance with the minimum transmitter requirements outlined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards. Then, with focus on future 6G Distributed-MIMO (D-MIMO) networks, we conduct experimental validations of coherent joint transmissions (CJT) using ARoF and ARoFSO fronthaul links in a 2-transmitter D-MIMO network, demonstrating MIMO gains of up to 5.35 dB and that these links meet the stringent synchronization demands for CJT. These tests represent the first realizations of CJT utilizing ARoF and ARoFSO links. Finally, for consistency, we validate CJT in a 4-transmitter D-MIMO network with ARoF fronthaul links, with MIMO gains up to 9.4 dB and confirming our previous results. This evidence indicates that these technologies hold significant potential for applications in future 6G systems.This work was supported in part by VINNOVA-funded project \u2018A-FRONTHAUL\u2019 2023-00659, the Swedish Research Council (VR) project 2019-05197 and project \u2018BRAIN\u2019 2022-04798, in part by the COST Action CA19111 NEWFOCUS, and in part by the LZP FLPP project \u2018MIR-FAST\u2019 (lzp-2023/1-0503). </p