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    7718 research outputs found

    T.AI.TRÄ Trollhättan stads - AI-baserade Trädinventering

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    T.AI.TRÄ-projektet syftade till att förbättra hantering och inventering av träd inom kommunal verksamhet genom AI och ML-teknik. Genom att använda AI-drivna system kan man automatisera och effektivisera arbetsprocesser som tidigare har varit resurskrävande och tidsödande. Projektet hade särskilt fokus på att utveckla ett digital AI-baserat verktyg som samlar in, analyserar och visualiserar träddata från olika kommunala (redan befintliga) datakällor. Genom att implementera denna lösning i Trollhättans Stads kommunala verksamhet, kan man på ett mer effektivt sätt hantera stadens trädbestånd. Den nya tekniken ger också möjlighet att bättre förstå trädens ekologiska värde samt deras påverkan på stadsmiljön och klimatet. Projektet har inneburit ett nära samarbete mellan olika experter, inklusive AI-utvecklare, GIS-ingenjörer, forskare och domänexperter inom ekologi och stadsplanering. Dessutom har vi arbetat med att säkerställa att data som används och delas inom projektet är tillförlitlig och följer gällande lagstiftning, vilket är särskilt viktigt när man hanterar potensiellt känslig information. En annan viktig aspekt av T.AI.TRÄ-projektet var att främja organisatoriskt lärande inom Trollhättans Stad. Genom att introducera AI och nya digitala verktyg har personalen fått möjlighet att utveckla sin tekniska kompetens och förståelse för hur AI kan användas för att stödja och förbättra beslut inom stadsplanering och miljöförvaltning. Detta lärande har inte bara stärkt kommunens kapacitet att hantera träd på ett effektivt sätt, utan också lagt grunden för framtida AI-baserade projekt inom andra områden. Genom kontinuerlig utbildning och erfarenhetsutbyte har kommunen byggt upp en värdefull kunskapsbas som kan användas för att optimera verksamheten och anpassa sig till framtidens utmaningar. Genom att kombinera teknisk innovation med djupgående kunskap om trädens roll i vår miljö, hoppas vi slutligen att detta projekt kommer att bidra till en mer hållbar och effektiv trädhantering i framtiden.Vinnova d.nr. 2023–00279</p

    StationCDM Demonstrationsprojekt - Slutrapport : Ett samarbete mellan Trafikverket, RISE, SJ, ISS, ProTrain, Jernhusen

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    Projektet har genom demonstration utvärderat nyttan av digitalisering och digital samverkan mellan järnvägssystemets aktörer för att åstadkomma en samlad lägesbild och därmed ge involverade aktörer bättre beslutsunderlag. Projektet har samlat aktörer för att samskapa och utvärdera konceptet StationCDM (Station Collaborative Decision Making). Konceptet bygger på att i realtid utbyta data om aktörers intentioner och faktiska progress i syfte att förbättra koordination och effektivitet i järnvägssystemet. Projektets fokus har varit resandetåg mellan Hagalund - Stockholm – Göteborg. Målet har varit att utvärdera nyttan av digital samverkan genom att analysera olika användningsfall, vilka ska inspirera aktörer att dela överenskommen data i realtid och på ett standardiserat sätt, och se på vilka sätt det åstadkommer högre punktlighet, bättre planeringsförmåga och förbättrad arbetsmiljö. I projektet har metoden LivingLab Approach använts för att utveckla och utvärdera, de av involverade aktörerna identifierade användningsfallen, för digital samverkan. Metod innebär att utvecklat koncept är väl förankrat hos involverade aktörer och visar fördelarna med ett digitaliserat järnvägssystem, vilket ger aktörer möjlighet att växa i digital mognad och innovationsförmåga. Ett exempel på resultat är från användningsfallet PLANKAN, där tågbildningen vid Hagalund sker i samråd mellan aktörerna Trafikverket och SJ. De planerade spåren och tiderna för ankomst samt avgång Hagalund kan genom PLANKAN visas i en gemensam lägesbild och där ändringar görs i realtid. Det har medfört en markant minskning av telefonerande och e-mailande mellan aktörerna då det i snitt görs över 150 ändringar per dygn av spår och tidpunkter. Även råd och riktlinjer för framtida implementation av StationCDM-koncept har utarbetats

    Mimicking the hair surface for neutron reflectometry

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    The surface of human hair is normally hydrophobic as it is covered by a lipid layer, mainly composed of 18-methyleicosanoic acid (18-MEA). When the hair is damaged, this layer can be partially or fully removed and more hydrophilic, mainly negatively charged surfaces are formed with a wide variety of physical and chemical characteristics. The cosmetic industry is currently embracing the opportunity of increasing the sustainability of their hair-care products whilst improving product performance. To do this, it is vital to have a deeper understanding of the hair surface and how it interacts with hair-care ingredients. This work contributes to this by harnessing the potential of neutron reflectometry (NR) with scattering contrast variation to describe hierarchical adsorption. Three types of hair-mimetic surfaces have been produced: two “healthy hair” models to probe the role of lipid structure, and one “damaged hair” model, to consider the effect of the surface charge. Adsorption of hair-care ingredients has then been studied. The results for these relatively short lipid models indicate that a methyl branch has little effect on adsorption. The “damaged hair” studies, however, reveal the unexpected apparent adsorption of an anionic surfactant to a negative surface. This preferential adsorption of the otherwise solubilised neutral components demonstrates a facile route to selectively deliver a protective film on a damaged hair fibre, without the need for a cationic species. On a more general note, this study also demonstrates the feasibility of using NR to characterize such complex systems.This project has received funding from the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 847439. We acknowledge the support of the Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO and the Australian Government through the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS), in supporting the neutron research and deuteration infrastructure used in this work via ACNS and NDF proposal 16984. We also acknowledge the Partnership for Soft Condensed Matter (PSCM) at ILL for providing access to the QCM-D instrumentation. M. R. and S. C. thank the Swedish Research Council (VR) for support via grant 2022-04614. We thank L'Oréal, and in particular Anne-Claude Dublanchet, for their support to the project.</p

    Cofiring of hydrogen and pulverized coal in rotary kilns using one integrated burner

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    The grate-kiln process for iron-ore pellet induration utilizes pulverized coal fired burners. In a developed infrastructure for H2, it might be desirable to heat the existing rotary kilns with renewably produced H2. Technical challenges of H2 heating of grate-kilns include high emissions of NOX and maintaining sufficient heat transfer to the pellet bed. This article examined cofiring (70% coal/30% H2) in 130 kW experiments using two different integrated burner concepts. Compared to pure coal combustion, cofiring creates a more intense, smaller flame with earlier ignition and less fluctuations. The process temperature and heat transfer are enhanced in the beginning of the kiln. The co-fired flames emit 32% and 78% less NOX emissions compared to pure coal and H2 combustion, respectively. We can affect the combustion behavior and NOX emissions by the burner design. H2/coal cofiring using integrated burners is probably an attractive solution for emission minimization in rotary kilns.The authors gratefully acknowledge Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB (LKAB), the Swedish Energy Agency and the European Union (EU) for the financial support of this work (P2022-00196). Additionally, all experimental support provided from our colleagues Niklas Mörtlund, Therese Vikström, Sandra Lundström and others at RISE, Piteå is greatly appreciated.</p

    Evaluation of X-ray fluorescence for analysing critical elements in three electronic waste matrices : A comprehensive comparison of analytical techniques

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    As the drive towards recycling electronic waste increases, demand for rapid and reliable analytical methodology to analyse the metal content of the waste is increasing, e.g. to assess the value of the waste and to decide the correct recycling routes. Here, we comprehensively assess the suitability of different x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF)-based techniques as rapid analytical tools for the determination of critical raw materials, such as Al, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Pd and Au, in three electronic waste matrices: printed circuit boards (PCB), light emitting diodes (LED), and lithium (Li)-ion batteries. As validated reference methods and materials to establish metrological traceability are lacking, several laboratories measured test samples of each matrix using XRF as well as other independent complementary techniques (instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ICP optical emission spectrometry (OES)) as an inter-laboratory comparison (ILC). Results highlighted key aspects of sample preparation, limits of detection, and spectral interferences that affect the reliability of XRF, while additionally highlighting that XRF can provide more reliable data for certain elements compared to digestion-based approaches followed by ICP-MS analysis (e.g. group 4 and 5 metals). A clear distinction was observed in data processing methodologies for wavelength dispersive XRF, highlighting that considering the metals present as elements (rather than oxides) induces overestimations of the mass fractions when compared to other techniques. Eventually, the effect of sample particle size was studied and indicated that smaller particle size (&lt;200 µm) is essential for reliable determinations. This project (20IND01 MetroCycleEU) has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. The authors would like to thank Thomas C. Meisel for fruitful discussions and providing existing R code to help process the data.</p

    It is a matter of convenience : why welfare technologies have become domesticated in Swedish eldercare

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    Background: The use of welfare technology is gaining ground in municipal eldercare and is increasingly being integrated into everyday routines. However, the meanings that eldercare personnel attach to welfare technology in the care of older recipients, and thus the domestication of welfare technology, remain largely underexplored. This study explores how eldercare personnel understand and ascribe meanings to welfare technologies in their daily work, with the aim of understanding their domestication. Methods: The empirical material comprised 181 photographs, each paired with corresponding text, from 61 participants across four municipalities in southern Sweden. The empirical material was thematically analysed, focusing on different categories of welfare technologies and their ascribed meanings. In our coding “convenience” and at times “inconvenience” were interpreted as recurrent patterns. Their repeated presence across various contexts and the meanings ascribed to different welfare technologies prompted deeper interpretive engagement, leading us to adopt it as a key theme. In the final step, the codes were synthesised through the lens of “convenience” to better understand the meanings participants attached to welfare technology in eldercare work. Results: The participants ascribed meanings to welfare technology that resonate with broader societal and cultural understandings of technological solutionism, while aligning with national policies promoting welfare technology as a means of supporting safety, activity and independence for older adults. Welfare technology was often understood as both convenient and an act of care. Our analysis uncovered different dimensions of “convenience”, which we labelled as: “remote surveillance convenience”, “logistics convenience”, “communication convenience”, “safety convenience”, “comforting convenience” and “activation convenience”. Yet, in some cases, welfare technology was also seen as a hindrance to care, being inconvenient due to its inflexibility, technical difficulties and the tendency to create duplicate tasks. Conclusion: This paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the domestication of welfare technology in eldercare. Our study found that eldercare personnel engage with and interpret welfare technologies by ascribing meanings related to perceived convenience — a concept not widely explored in this context. Welfare technologies were often seen as convenient substitutes for physical proximity and relational care, such as “remote surveillance convenience” through cameras and “comforting convenience” via robotic pets. However, convenience, while central to the participants’ experiences, should not be understood as inherently “good” or positive but as part of the domestication process, shaped by socio-technical contexts and the political economy of eldercare, which prioritises effectiveness and efficiency. By shedding light on these dynamics, our study examines how the domestication of welfare technology is shaped by and reinforces broader discourses of technological solutionism, raising questions about its long-term impact on care practices. This research was co-funded by the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working life and Welfare (grant agreement ID 2023−00174). </p

    Kunskapsöversikt Klimatsmart Hotell

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    Denna rapport en del av projektet klimatsmart event finansierad av Vinnova (FFI). Projektet har letts av Kristina Holmgren (Elektromobilitet, RISE) som har erfarenheter av klimatsmarta transporttjänster. Projektet sker i samarbete med ett stort antal företag verksamma inom event (Got Event, Göteborg&amp; Company, Svenska Mässan, etc) Projektet har genomförts i samarbete med Erik Lundberg (Centrum för Turism, GU), som har tidigare erfarenheter kring klimatsmart semester och klimatsmart event. Han leder arbetspaket kring ett digitalt klimatverktyg. Projektet har genomförts i samarbete med Steven Sarasini (Sustainable Business, RISE), som har erfarenheter av klimatsmarta transporttjänster. Han leder arbetspaket klimatsmarta åtgärder. Projektet har genomförts i samarbete med experter, så som Birgit Brunklaus (Energi och miljösystem analys, RISE), som är ansvarig för klimatsmart boende. Hon har varit med och granskade klimatdata från verktyget klimatsmart semester och har erfarenheter inom livscykelanalyser och klimatanalyser av konsert (LCA konsert 2023). Resultaten visar klimatdata som ska användas inom det digitala verktyget (exkludera frukost): - Hotellövernattning = 5,5 kg CO2 (4 star) - Hotellövernattning = 3,1 kg CO2 (3 star) - Vandrarhemsövernattning = 2,1 kg CO2 (2 star) - Lägenhet (hyrd) = 1,8-2,3 kg CO2 (hyrd) eller enkel rum = 0,9-1,1 kg CO2 (hyrd) - Lägenhet (privat)= 0,6-0,8 kg CO2 (Privat) eller enkel rum = 0,3-0,4 kg CO2 (Privat) - Noll CO2 (ingen extra energi behövs) Resultaten visar klimatdata som ska användas inom det digitala verktyget för frukost: - Frukost = 1,4 kg CO2 (lyxfrukost inom ett 4 stjärnigt hotell) - Frukost = 0,9 kg CO2 (normal frukost inom ett 3 stjärnigt hotell) - Frukost = 0,354 kg CO2 (liten frukost 2 stjärnigt hotell eller vandrahemsnatt) Resultaten visar möjliga åtgärder och goda exempel för klimatsmart hotell: - Klimatsmart tvätt = 0,4 kg CO2 (tunnare sängkläder, minskad tvätt handdukar) - Klimatsmart värme = 1,2 kg CO2 (Byte till fjärrvärme eller pellets) - Klimatsmart el/städ = 0,05 kg CO2 (Byte elavtal fossilfritt/förnybart) - Klimatsmart köldmedel = 1 kg CO2 (Byte köldmedel) - Klimatsmart frukost= 0,354 kg CO2 (liten), 0,9 kg CO2 (normal), 1,4 kg CO2 (lyx) - Minska spill för frukost = 200g inköp och 100g spill till 40g spill = 50% till 20% Slutligen tas fram möjliga indikatorer och goda exempel för klimatsmart event.Denna rapport en del av projektet klimatsmart event finansierad av Vinnova (FFI).</p

    Uppdaterade guider från Informationscentrum för hållbart byggande (ICHB)

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    Uppdaterade guider från informationscentrum för hållbart byggande Det kan finnas många fördelar med att energieffektivisera sin byggnad. Samtidigt är varje byggnad är unik och det kan vara mycket att hålla reda på inför, under och efter energieffektiviseringen. Dessa guiderna syftar till att underlätta hållbar energieffektivisering av byggnader. Guiderna är framtagna och uppdaterade av experter på respektive område och innehåller samlad information och kunskap för att resultatet av arbetet ska bli så bra och hållbart som möjligt. Bakgrund: Boverket fick 2017 ett regeringsuppdrag att upphandla ett informationscentrum för hållbart byggande (ICHB). Upphandlingen innebar att AB Svensk Byggtjänst blev leverantör av ICHB. ICHB drevs mellan 2017 till och med 2020 av Svensk byggtjänst tillsammans med RISE, Energikontoren Sverige, Sustainable Innovation och IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet. Under den tiden togs det inom ramen för uppdraget bland annat fram ett antal guider inom olika områden. Sedan 2021 har Boverket ett regeringsuppdrag att inrätta och förvalta ett informationscentrum för hållbart byggande med fokus på energieffektiviserande renovering. Inom det nuvarande uppdraget har RISE fått i uppdrag av Boverket att uppdatera och publicera ett urval av de guider som togs fram mellan 2017-2020. Mer information om det nuvarande uppdraget finns hos Boverket. https://www.boverket.se/sv/byggande/uppdrag/uppdrag-att-inratta-ett-informationscentrum-for-hallbart-byggande/

    Fishmeal and oil from Baltic Sea herring: current uses and challenges for full transparency

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    Baltic Sea herring fisheries have in recent years attracted considerable media interest in Sweden. The main concerns are deteriorating stock status and lack of herring catches suitable for human consumption. One recurring theme is that the demand of feed raw materials by the Norwegian salmon aquaculture industry is driving the development of increasing volumes destined for fishmeal and oil production. However, it is unclear to which extent Baltic Sea herring is used by the Norwegian salmon industry. This report has the specific objectives to map where Baltic Sea herring ends up, including identification of potential obstacles for full traceability – with the overall aim to identify how different actors may contribute to safeguarding long-term sustainable use of marine resources. Based on data provided by the Danish fishmeal and oil processing industry, it is found that Baltic Sea herring is primarily used for the aquaculture sector, especially the fish oil. However, although some feed and salmonid producers were helpful in providing the requested information, responses varied and only piecemeal information could be obtained on the next step in the value chain, i.e. to which specific species and countries. Although annual sustainability reports are published, efficient, fit-for-purpose extracts on the destination of raw material from a certain stock may be effort-demanding to extract and official data detailing this is at large lacking. The same situation also applies for certified aquaculture. Further, the definitions of ‘sustainable fisheries’ applied in current certification systems are inadequate to fully safeguard use of sustainable marine raw material for certified, farmed seafood. Several actors are however working with improvements, such as a new feed standard for Aquaculture Stewardship Council and updates on internal reporting systems by feed producers. In conclusion, to improve transparency and build consumer trust – and ultimately foster sustainable use – it calls for i) more efficient data management strategies and detailed reporting by feed producers to be able to meet questions raised; and ii) sharper rules for feed ingredients allowed by current aquaculture certification standards and a more distinct difference to non-certified seafood related to sustainability and transparency of marine resource use

    Efficiency Roll-Off in Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

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    Understanding “efficiency roll-off” (i.e., the drop in emission efficiency with increasing current) is critical if efficient and bright emissive technologies are to be rationally designed. Emerging light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) can be cost- and energy-efficiently fabricated by ambient-air printing by virtue of the in situ formation of a p-n junction doping structure. However, this in situ doping transformation renders a meaningful efficiency analysis challenging. Herein, a method for separation and quantification of major LEC loss factors, notably the outcoupling efficiency and exciton quenching, is presented. Specifically, the position of the emissive p-n junction in common singlet-exciton emitting LECs is measured to shift markedly with increasing current, and the influence of this shift on the outcoupling efficiency is quantified. It is further verified that the LEC-characteristic high electrochemical-doping concentration renders singlet-polaron quenching (SPQ) significant already at low drive current density, but also that SPQ increases super-linearly with increasing current, because of increasing polaron density in the p-n junction region. This results in that SPQ dominates singlet-singlet quenching for relevant current densities, and significantly contributes to the efficiency roll-off. This method for deciphering the LEC efficiency roll-off can contribute to a rational realization of all-printed LEC devices that are efficient at highluminance.The authors wish to acknowledge generous financial support from the Swedish Research Council (2019‐02345 and 2021‐04778), the Swedish Energy Agency (50779‐1 and P2021‐00032), “Bertil och Britt Svenssons stiftelse för belysningsteknik,” Kempe Foundations, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation for a Proof of concept grant (KAW 2022.0381), the Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability (WISE) funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (WISE‐AP01‐D02), and the European Research Council for an ERC Advanced Grant (project 101096650).</p

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