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Godsflödeskaraktäristik i en urban kontext: lärdomar från fallstudie i centrala Stockholm inom HITS2-projektet
No full textSom en del i projektet Hållbara och Integrerade urbana TransportSystem (HITS2) har kunskap utvecklats om godstransporter i en urban miljö. Specifikt gäller detta en analys av godsflöden i ett specifikt område i centrala Stockholm, som genomförts i nära samarbete med fastighetsägare och deras logistikaktörer. Analysen syftar till att beskriva områdets karakteristik, samt att genom framtagning av nyckeltal öka kunskapen kring godstransporter. Bakgrunden till behovet att förstå ett områdes karaktäristik grundar sig i att områden ser olika ut, t.ex. mellan tät blandstad, ett köpcentrum, område med externhandel samt ett renodlat bostadsområde. Olika verksamheter genererar olika efterfrågan på transporter vilka i sin tur genererar trafik som kan ha oönskade effekter, t.ex. utsläpp, buller och trängsel. Ökad kunskap om godsflödeskaraktäristik kan därmed bidra i utveckling av modeller som kan indikera trafikmängd, vilket exempelvis kan användas för att utvärdera samhällsekonomiska kostnader för transporter eller utvärderingar av potential för samlastning. Data har samlats in från fyra logistikaktörer och femton kontor i ett område norr om Hamngatan i centrala Stockholm. Området karaktäriseras av att majoriteten av verksamheterna är kontor (80%), utöver detta finns även handel, restauranger och kaféer. Insamlade data kommer från logistikaktörernas system, manuell loggning samt mätningar utförda av logistikaktörerna. Den har analyserats med avseende på kollityper, mottagartyper, transportörstyper, fordonstyper och drivmedel. Hyresgästerna i området är främst butiker, restauranger och kontor. Det finns också tjänsteföretag t. ex. frisör och viss annan verksamhet, såsom banker. Baserat på insamlade data från tre godsmottagningar levereras kollin framför allt till butiker (38%), kontor (34%) och restauranger (21%). Paket är den klart dominerande kollityp som levereras i området i antal (ca 80%). Omräknat till volym är däremot pall och rullbur dominerade (ca 80%). Rullbur är vanligare för leveranser till restauranger, ca 50% av kollin. En stor andel av leveranser utförs av nätverkstransportörer, och partihandelsaktörer (64% av transporterade kolli) vilka redan i nuläget samlastas med andra mottagare och därmed har mindre potential för att minska godstrafik genom samlastning. Befintliga modeller om trafik och transportmängd bygger på verksamheters storlek i ett visst område För att bidra till utvecklingen av sådana modeller samt att karaktärisera det undersökta området har nyckeltal tagits fram som visar områdets karaktäristik i termer av verksamheters yta. Nyckeltal är även framtagna som visar antal kolli per sändning respektive leveranstillfälle. Det är generellt få kollin per såväl sändning som leveranstillfälle till hyresgäst. Siffrorna visar att det är flest kolli per sändning till butiker medan det är ett lägre antal för kontor och restaurang. Det har funnits flera utmaningar som begränsar resultaten kring godsflödeskaraktäristik i det specifika området. Det har varit svårt att få tillgång till data per hyresgäst och därför har flera datakällor används med lite olika innehåll. Dock finns inte mycket liknande data publikt tillgängligt och därmed ger resultaten värdefulla insikter om godstransporter i en urban miljö.Rapporten är framtagen med ekonomiskt bidrag från Vinnova FFI Accelerera</p
Urban Form för Autism – arkitekturens roll i det sociala livet för individer med Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
No full textAutism is a neurodivergent condition characterized by differences in social communication,interaction skills, and sensory processing. The quality of life for autistic individuals is influencednot only by societal attitudes and support systems but also by the architectural attributes andspatial consideration of their surrounding environments. Access to inclusive and autism-friendlyurban spaces is essential for enhancing the social experiences and the participation of autisticindividuals and their families. Through spatial interventions, architects, planners, and designerscan significantly impact the sensory input within the built environment, creating spaces thatfacilitate social participation and increase the overall well-being of individuals. While existingresearch has largely focused on specific architectural interventions at a micro scale—such ashomes, schools, and public spaces—this study aims to broaden the discourse by examining thespatial characteristics of autism-friendly urban forms. The main purpose of this study is toexplore the impact of the built environment on the quality of life of autistic individuals. The studyseeks to contribute to the development of guidelines and policies for creating autism-friendlyurban environments that promote social inclusion and well-being for the neurodiversecommunity. Ultimately, this research offers insights for academics, practitioners, andpolicymakers invested in designing equitable cities.Supported by funding from Leif Blomkvists Forskningsstiftelse (LBF)</p
Embracing Nature-Based Solutions for Sustainable Development : NBS Initiative Position Paper
No full textModell för beräkning av resursanvändning på linjer för volymer av tågtrafik
No full textThis report outlines a calculation method for allocating resources on railway infrastructure. The method is based on a ’set cover’, a concept known in operations research and expressed as a mixed integer program (MIP). Each future train path is represented by a number of variants, including the alternative that the exclusion of the train path from the future working timetable, the objective being to select the alternatives that minimizes an estimated generalized cost. The calculation method utilizes a newly developed measure for capacity consumption in railway traffic, which is based on the area that a future train path occupies in a Marey graph, timetable graph, where the train path occupies each line section with a certain transport time. This timespace- area is regarded as a measure of the infrastructure capacity consumed. The calculation method described in this report has been demonstrated to be effective in tests and has been employed in studies of models for socio-economic valuation of railway traffic during the advance planning process steps before railway undertakers apply for capacity.Denna rapport beskriver en beräkningsmetod för resursbeläggning av trafik på järnvägsinfrastruktur. Beräkningsmetoden baseras på ett så kallat Set Cover, en inom operationsforskningen känd metod uttryckt som ett Mixed Integer Program, MIP. Varje framtida tågläge representeras som ett antal varianter inklusive alternativet att tågläget inte genomförs, exkluderas, från framtida tågplan. Ett alternativ för varje framtida tågläge skall väljas som minimerar en bedömd generaliserad kostnad. Beräkningsmetoden använder ett nyutvecklat mått för kapacitetskonsumtion vid tågtrafik baserat på den area som ett framtida tågläge har i en Marey-graf, tidtabellgraf, där tågläget belägger varje delsträcka med en sin transporttid. Denna area ses här som mått på den infrastrukturkapacitet som konsumeras. Beräkningsmetoden har i test visat sig effektiv och använts i utredning av modeller för samhällsekonomisk värdering vid förplanering av järnvägstrafik innan ansökan om kapacitet.Forskning utförd med stöd från Trafikverket TRV 2021/81090</p
Interconnecting EDOT-Based Polymers with Native Lignin toward Enhanced Charge Storage in Conductive Wood
No full textThe 3D micro- and nanostructure of wood has extensively been employed as a template for cost-effective and renewable electronic technologies. However, other electroactive components, in particular native lignin, have been overlooked due to the absence of an approach that allows access of the lignin through the cell wall. In this study, we introduce an approach that focuses on establishing conjugated-polymer-based electrical connections at various length scales within the wood structure, aiming to leverage the charge storage capacity of native lignin in wood-based energy storage electrodes. We demonstrate that poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) PEDOT/PSS, integrated within the cell wall lumen, can be interfaced with native lignin through the wood cell wall through in situ polymerization of a water-soluble S-EDOT monomer. This approach increases the capacitance of the conductive wood to 315 mF cm-2 at a scan rate of 5 mV s-1, which is seven and, respectively, two times higher compared to the capacitance of conductive wood made with the single components PEDOT/PSS or S-PEDOT. Moreover, we show that the capacitance is contributed by both the electroactive polymers and native lignin, with native lignin accounting for over 70% of the total charge storage capacity. We show that accessing native lignin through in situ creation of electrical interconnections within the wood structure offers a pathway toward sustainable, wood-based electrodes with improved charge-storage capacity for applications in electronics and energy storage.The authors acknowledge funding from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW 2018.0452 and KAW2021.0313) through the Wallenberg Wood Science Center. We also acknowledge the support from Treesearch, a collaboration platform for Swedish forest industrial research.V.C.T. acknowledges support from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW 2023.0468) for the postdoc-toral research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. We wish to thank Eleni Stavrinidou and Vasileios KOikonomou for their assistance with the trial of in situpolymerization of a PEDOT trimer (ETE-S) in wood. We gratefully acknowledge the support provided by BU Liquid Purification Technologies in supplying ion exchange resins foruse in the synthesis of S-PEDOT polymer.</p
Metrology infrastructure for high-pressure gas and liquified hydrogen flows. A brief outline of the MetHyInfra project, measurement challenges, and first results
No full textThis paper gives an overview of the ongoing Joint Research Project (JRP) 20IND11 “Metrology infrastructure for high pressure gas and liquefied hydrogen flows” (MetHyInfra), which will ensure traceability in the hydrogen distribution chain. For this purpose, very precise nozzles with well-defined geometries have been produced. In this project, Critical Flow Venturi Nozzles (CFVNs) will be traceably calibrated for the first time with hydrogen and pressures up to 100 MPa using a Coriolis Flow Meter (CFM) as a secondary standard. A CFM has been successfully calibrated with hydrogen against a gravimetric primary standard. Equations of State (EoS) are important for the high-pressure calibration of the nozzles, but also for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. With regard to CFD, a numerical model has been developed to simulate high pressure hydrogen flow in the CFVN. In a parameter study, non-ideal nozzle shapes are investigated using a shape variation parameter. New Speed of Sound (SoS) measurements were conducted at temperatures from 273 to 323 K and pressures from 1 to 100 MPa. These new data were then used to develop a new EoS for normal hydrogen, optimized for gas phase calculations. In addition to gaseous hydrogen, the project has a strong focus on liquefied hydrogen. Here a three-pronged approach allows traceable measurements. Each of the approaches presented is based on a unique flow calibration principle and relies on independent traceability schemes. The results of the project will ensure traceable measurements and thus a higher level of confidence among end users. © 2024 The AuthorsThis work was supported by the Joint Research Project (JRP) \u201CMetrology infrastructure for high-pressure gas and liquified hydrogen flows\u201D. This project (20IND11 MetHyInfra) has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. This project has received funding from the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy of the Netherlands. </p
Nanomechanical and nano-FTIR analysis of polyester coil coatings before and after artificial weathering experiments
No full textLocal heterogeneities can have significant effects on the performance of anti-corrosion coatings. Even small features can act as initiation points for damage and result in corrosion of the substrate material. Analysis methods with high spatial resolution and the ability to collect information relevant to crosslinking and degradation behavior of these coatings are therefore highly relevant. In this work, we demonstrate the utility of nanomechanical AFM measurements and nano-FTIR in investigating the nanoscale mechanical and chemical properties of two polyester coil coating clearcoats before and after weathering. On the nanoscale, weathering led to a stiffer and less deformable coating with less variation in the nanomechanical properties. Chemical degradation was quantified using changes in band ratios in the IR-spectra. Macro and nano-scale measurements showed similar trends with the latter measurements showing larger heterogeneity. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of the described analysis techniques and will pave the way for future studies of local properties in other coating systems and formulations. © 2024 The AuthorsThis work was supported by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) grant FID18-0034.</p
Context factors perceived important when looking for similar experiences in decision-making for software components : An interview study
No full textDuring software evolution, decisions related to components’ origin or source significantly impact the quality properties of the product and development metrics such as cost, time to market, ease of maintenance, and further evolution. Thus, such decisions should ideally be supported by evidence, i.e., using previous experiences and information from different sources, even own previous experiences. A hindering factor to such reuse of previous experiences is that these decisions are highly context-dependent and it is difficult to identify when previous experiences come from sufficiently similar contexts to be useful in a current setting. Conversely, when documenting a decision (as a decision experience), it is difficult to know which context factors will be most beneficial when reusing the experience in the future. An interview study is performed to identify a list of context factors that are perceived to be most important by practitioners when using experiences to support decision-making for component sourcing, using a specific scenario with alternative sources of experiences. We observed that the further away (from a company or an interviewee) the experience evidence is, as is the case for online experiences, the more context factors are perceived as important by practitioners to make use of the experience. Furthermore, we discuss and identify further research to make this type of decision-making more evidence-based. The work is supported by a research grant for the ORION project (reference number 20140218) from the Knowledge Foundation in Sweden.</p
Reconsidering the spectral distribution of light : Do people perceive watts or photons?
No full textThe spectral distribution is a fundamental property of non-monochromatic optical radiation. It is commonly used in research and practical applications when studying how light interacts with matter and living organisms, including humans. In the field of lighting, misconceptions about the spectral distribution of light are responsible for unfounded claims, which pervade the scientific and technical communities. Starting from the definition of the spectral distribution, this paper describes the ambiguities and errors associated with a purely graphical analysis of the spectral distribution. It also emphasizes the importance of considering the particle nature of light in research involving both visual and non-visual effects, which implies using the spectral distribution expressed in the photon system of units, a system that has been seldom used in lighting research for historical reasons. The authors encourage lighting engineers and researchers to determine which system is best suited to their work and then proceed with the correct use of spectral distributions and of spectral weighting functions for applications involving optical radiation. © The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers 2024
The Importance of Digitalisation in Industrialising Additive Manufacturing : Learnings from the DIDAM P2030 Project
No full textAdditive manufacturing, a technology that has evolved significantly over the last few decades, has shifted from prototyping to final product manufacturing. Despite its potential in design flexibility and customisation, its implementation in industrial ecosystems often faces challenges, especially in companies with established traditional manufacturing methods. This paper explores additive manufacturing beyond the printing process, drawing insights from the DIDAM project in Swedish manufacturing companies. It maps the advantages of additive manufacturing to external factors influencing its success such as digital infrastructure. This mapping yields “risk factors” for its implementation. These factors are based on empirical observations from the DIDAM project to identify potential failure modes, assess risks, and provide a snapshot view of critical issues. This objective evaluation aims to support managers in evaluating the risks associated with additive manufacturing’s integration into a company’s manufacturing ecosystem, based on empirical findings in industrial cases as reported in the DIDAM Digital Model Guide (Digital Model Guide, 2023).Conference name: 11th Swedish Production Symposium, SPS2024; Conference date: 23 April 2024 through 26 April 2024; Conference code: 198802; This study was financially supported by VINNOVA through the project "Demonstration of Infrastructure for Digitalization enabling industrialization of Additive Manufacturing (DiDAM)". The authors wish to thank the participating industrial case companies for providing the cases and facilitating the studies.</p