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WUI guideline for Norway : Veileder for å beskytte bebyggelse mot skogbrann i Norge
No full textWUI guideline for Norway Norway is a long country where forests, grass, and heather cover vast areas. Approximately 38% of the country's land area consists of forests, and many structures are located near or surrounded by nature. In these wildland-urban-interface (WUI) areas, a wildfire could damage structures and infrastructure. Norway's tradition of constructing houses and cabins from timber adds an extra layer of vulnerability in WUI areas. As part of the EU-funded research and innovation project TREEADS, Norway's first WUI guideline has been developed to strengthen resilience against wildfires. The guideline is targeted at citizens in WUI areas, and presents measures that may protect built areas from wildfires. The development of the guide is based on an extensive process, including a literature review of WUI guidelines from countries such as the USA, Canada, and Sweden. This review formed the foundation for a list of relevant topics and recommendations, which were further refined through in-person workshops with stakeholders, surveys, and expert consultations. To ensure relevance for Norwegian conditions, the recommendations were adapted to local building traditions and by using insights from past fire incidents, fieldwork, and laboratory experiments. This process resulted in six main recommendations and five supplementary recommendations).Norge er et langstrakt land der skog, gress og lyngheier dekker store områder. Omtrent 38 % av landets areal består av skog, og mange bygninger ligger i nærheten av eller er omkranset av natur. I denne randsonen mellom natur og bebyggelse, kjent som Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI), vil en skogbrann eller annen naturbrann kunne gjøre skade på bygninger og infrastruktur. Det at Norge har en tradisjon for å bygge hus og hytter i trematerialer utgjør en ekstra sårbarhet i den norske randsonen. I det EU-finansierte forsknings- og innovasjonsprosjektet TREEADS er Norges første randsoneveileder utviklet for å styrke motstandsdyktigheten mot naturbranner. Veilederen er rettet mot innbyggere i randsonen mellom natur og bebyggelse og gir konkrete tiltak for hvordan man kan beskytte bebyggelse mot naturbranner. Utviklingen av veilederen bygger på en omfattende prosess som inkluderer en litteraturgjennomgang av WUI-anbefalinger fra land som USA, Canada og Sverige. Dette dannet grunnlaget for en liste over relevante temaer og anbefalinger, som videre ble utviklet gjennom fysiske arbeidsmøter med interessenter, spørreundersøkelser og ekspertkonsultasjoner. For å sikre relevans for norske forhold ble anbefalingene tilpasset nasjonale byggetradisjoner og erfaringer fra tidligere branner, feltarbeid og laboratorieeksperimenter. Prosessen resulterte i seks hovedanbefalinger og fem tilleggsanbefalinger.TREEADS project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research & innovation programme under grant agreement No 101036926. </p
Elektrifierad sjötransport Norrland –Södertälje : slutrapport
No full textProjektet Elektrifierad sjötransport av gods Norrland-Södertälje (ELINORR) utgår från behov av godstransport mellan varuägare, där möjligheter undersöks att ersätta traditionellt bränsle samt vägtransporter med sjötransport med hög grad av elektrifiering. Kunskap byggs för att snabba på realiseringen av elektrifierad sjöfart. Nyhetsvärdet berör elektrifiering av sjöfart på en längre sträcka, beaktanden för operation i is samt systemperspektiv inkluderande teknikutveckling, affärsmässiga val och infrastruktur. Projektet har genomförts av RISE, Scania, Northvolt, Berg Propulsion, Wallenius Marine, Wallenius SOL, AtoB@C, Södertälje hamn, Cavotec och Skellefteå hamn. Kostnadsberäkningar visar att ett nybyggt fartyg med hög grad av elektrifiering har stor potential att vara konkurrenskraftigt avseende årskostnad jämfört med alternativa landtransporter, under förutsättning att hastigheten hålls låg och kapacitetsutnyttjande högt. Anskaffningskostnaden för batterier är en stor kostnad. Att minska energiförbrukning och därmed hög verkningsgrad för skrov och framdrift är viktigt. Ett skrovkoncept är framtaget, där arrangemanget med två axlar och ställbara propellrar ger hög verkningsgrad genom vattnet. Med en elmotor på var axel uppfylls krav på redundans. Fartyget rymmer 15 battericontainrar och kan normala isfria perioder operera med batteriframdrift. Isgång till fullo på batteri motiveras ej pga batterikostnaden. När installerad batterikapacitet inte räcker kompletterar generatoraggregat energibehovet. Kommersiellt är fördelning av risker och kostnader essentiell. Aktiva val som ökar andrahandsvärdet är viktiga, såsom flexibilitet för att fartyget ska kunna gå på flera rutter. Även infrastruktur behöver beaktas för elektrifierad sjöfart. Hamnar bör ha tillräcklig kapacitet för snabbladdning och kompatibla laddningssystem. För att minimera stilleståndstid för fartyget behöver laddning kunna ske under lastning och lossning.The project Electrified shipping of cargo between northern and southern Sweden (ELINORR) originates with a transport need between cargo owners, investigating possibilities to replace traditional fuel and road transport with shipping using a high degree of electrification. Knowledge is increased regarding electrification of shipping over a longer distance, considerations for operation in ice and system perspectives including technology, business and infrastructure. The project was conducted by RISE, Scania, Northvolt, Berg Propulsion, Wallenius Marine, Wallenius SOL, AtoB@C, Cavotec and the ports of Södertälje and Skellefteå. Cost calculations show that a new-built vessel with a high degree of electrification has great potential to be competitive comparing annual cost with alternative land transport, provided low speed and high capacity utilization. Investment in batteries is a large cost. Reducing energy consumption and thus increasing hull efficiency and propulsion is important. A hull concept was developed, with two shafts and adjustable propellers providing high efficiency through the water. An electric motor on each axle meets redundancy requirements. The ship can hold 15 battery containers and operate with battery propulsion during normal ice-free conditions. For ice-going, battery costs are prohibitive, therefore the propulsion system is a serial hybrid setup with internal combustion engines driving generators. Commercially, the allocation of risks and costs is essential. Resale value is important, including flexibility for the ship to operate alternative routes. Infrastructure needs to be considered. Ports should have sufficient capacity for fast charging and compatible charging systems. To minimize downtime the vessel needs to charge during loading and unloading
Forskarnas framväxande guide till Systemisk Transformation - En prototyp. Senaste iterationen, maj 2025
No full textBiogas och högvärdiga insatsråvaror från jordbruksrestströmmar i Västra Götalandsregionen
No full textBiogas and fatty acids produced from agricultural biomasses for industrial use. The Swedish Industrial Biogas Commission is calling for 10 TWh of biogas/year (via digestion and gasification; by 2030). Current production is about 2 TWh/year, mainly from waste and sludge. The supply of organic waste is not sufficient to produce the required biogas.Agriculture has significant amounts of residual biomass that can be digested (mainly manure and straw). With this fact taken into account, this project report also assumesthat smaller parts of the arable land can be used for growing nitrogen-fixing grass/clover ley for biogas production, perhaps in combination with the production of protein feed for agriculture and fatty acids for industry in a biorefinery concept.It is possible to use manure, straw and ley with smaller amounts of waste in the western part of Sweden (Västra Götaland, Skåne and Halland) to produce 3.5 to 5 TWh of biogas/year in large biogas plants (approx. 100 GWh/plant and year) for use in industry. Co-production of fatty acids and biogas is also possible, e.g. at least 16 plants are needed to cover identified industrial needs.There are good opportunities for Bio-CCS, partly at the biogas plant, when biogas becomes biomethane, and partly in the industry where biomethane is used. Negative emissions possible, corresponding reduction of climate gases when biomethane replaces natural gas (5 TWh biomethane with CCS can reduce CO₂ emissions by about ¾ for the chemical and refinery industry segment). CO2 can also be used for production of emethane (Bio-CCU), but electricity shortages are a likely bottleneck.The price of natural gas (including tax) compared to biogas with existing subsidies is estimated to be relatively similar. The current subsidy system is directed towards manure digestion, which only produces about 1/5 of the potential biogas from agricultural biomass, which is why subsidies need to be modified to produce the biogas in demand. Fatty acids can also be produced using primarily pasture and waste via a biological process at a similar price level as today's fossil-based production method.A future investment in building biorefineries, which generate renewable commodities can be one solution for the industrial green transition, with agricultural biomasses, but this can also contribute to the green transition of the agriculture. Difficulties with the studied system is that it is large with many actors, significant investment is needed to be realized, and clear incentives are needed to become an actor in the system also includingthe farmers, and there are technical and biological uncertainties in function. A clear question is who is prepared to take the lead in realizing this
Fungal Protein from Non-Food Bioresources in Diets for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
No full textThe growing aquaculture industry has an increasing demand for novel, sustainably produced protein sources for aquafeed. This study aimed to determine the apparent digestibility (AD%), pellet quality, and protein score of four novel fungal proteins in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), namely, PEKILO® (PEK) derived from Paecilomyces variotii, Aspergillus oryzae (AO), Rhizopus oligosporus (RO), and Rhizopus delemar (RD). All fungi were grown on various side-streams, such as beet vinasse, thin stillage, and whole stillage. The diets were produced by extrusion technology and consisted of control and test diets with a 30:70 test ingredient/control ratio. Feeding lasted for 39 days. Each tank had 20 fish, with three replicates per dietary treatment. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the means of the groups with each other. The dry matter (DM) digestibility of PEK was significantly higher than that of AO, RD, and RO, all with similar digestibility. The crude protein AD% for PEK was 86.5%, which is significantly higher than that of the other fungal sources. AO, PEK, RD, and RO had similar crude fat AD% compared to each other, at 83.8%, 87.4%, 90.5%, and 88.5%, respectively. The pellet quality was found to deteriorate with addition of fungal proteins. PEK had high AD% for most of the macronutrients tested and better pellet quality. © 2025 by the authors. This work was supported by the NORDICFEED project ’Biokonvertering av bioresurser’(project number: 24931000) funded by FORMAS and NORDFORSK, ‘Fish from Ethanol residuesenvironmentally friendly feed for future farmed fish’ (grant number 20200097) funded by the Kamprad Family Foundation, and the ForestFeed project ‘En nordisk blågrön värdekedja från skog tillfiskfilé’ (Project number: 2023-00132) funded by VINNOVA.</p
Iron intake and iron status of Swedish adolescents with diets of varying climate impact
No full textPurpose: The risk of inadequate micronutrient intake is a concern of low-climate impact diets. This study analyzes the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) among adolescents with varying dietary climate impact, with special reference to different types and dietary sources of iron. Methods: Data on dietary intake (n = 3099) and plasma ferritin (n = 1030) were from Riksmaten Adolescents 2016–2017 survey of Swedish girls and boys aged 11–18 years. Dietary climate impact was estimated with life cycle assessment data. Linear and logistic regression models assessed associations between dietary climate impact, intakes of iron and food groups, and ID. Results: Higher total iron and heme, but not non-heme, iron intake, was linearly associated with higher dietary climate impact. Compared to girls, boys had higher climate impact and low prevalence of ID. Girls in the highest climate impact quartile had 56% lower odds of ID (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.24–0.81) compared to the lowest quartile, whereas no association was found in boys. Lower intake of red meat and heme iron was associated with ID in girls, while higher intake of dairy was associated with ID in boys. Menstruating girls and adolescents born outside of Sweden were identified risk groups for ID. Conclusions: Girls with a more climate-friendly diet and lower intake of red meat/heme iron may be at higher risk of ID compared to girls with higher dietary climate impact. These results highlight the importance of considering risk groups of ID, such as menstruating girls, in the transition to more plant-based diets with lower climate impact. The study was funded by the Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development, Formas (dnr 2019−00590) who are greatly acknowledged.</p
Achieving energy efficiency in industrial manufacturing
No full textThis paper explores the use of digital technology stages and knowledge demand types for achieving energy efficiency. Digital technology stages are the steps toward developing an intelligent and networked factory: computerization, connectivity, visibility, transparency, predictive capacity, and adaptability. Knowledge demand types refer to the knowledge and skills needed to implement energy management through technical, process, and leadership knowledge. Empirical data were collected from a critical single case study at an industrial manufacturing company. The study made two significant contributions. Firstly, it identifies fourteen challenges and improvement potentials when working with energy monitoring, evaluation, and optimization, demonstrating the critical role of digital technology stages and knowledge demand types. Secondly, the study presents a conceptual framework indicating how companies could overcome pitfalls and enhance energy efficiency by combining digital technologies and knowledge demands. Future work will include technical implementations and its connection to knowledge management. The authors also acknowledge the support of the Swedish Innovation Agency (VINNOVA).This study is part of the Explainable and Learning Production andLogistics by Artificial Intelligence (EXPLAIN), Sweden project led byUppsala University, project number 2021-01289. </p
Classification using hyperdimensional computing : a review with comparative analysis
No full textHyperdimensional computing (HD), also known as vector symbolic architectures (VSA), is an emerging and promising paradigm for cognitive computing. At its core, HD/VSA is characterized by its distinctive approach to compositionally representing information using high-dimensional randomized vectors. The recent surge in research within this field gains momentum from its computational efficiency stemming from low-resolution representations and ability to excel in few-shot learning scenarios. Nonetheless, the current literature is missing a comprehensive comparative analysis of various methods since each of them uses a different benchmark to evaluate its performance. This gap obstructs the monitoring of the field’s state-of-the-art advancements and acts as a significant barrier to its overall progress. To address this gap, this review not only offers a conceptual overview of the latest literature but also introduces a comprehensive comparative study of HD/VSA classification methods. The exploration starts with an overview of the strategies proposed to encode information as high-dimensional vectors. These vectors serve as integral components in the construction of classification models. Furthermore, we evaluate diverse classification methods as proposed in the existing literature. This evaluation encompasses techniques such as retraining and regenerative training to augment the model’s performance. To conclude our study, we present a comprehensive empirical study. This study serves as an in-depth analysis, systematically comparing various HD/VSA classification methods using two benchmarks, the first being a set of seven popular datasets used in HD/VSA and the second consisting of 121 datasets being the subset from the UCI Machine Learning repository. To facilitate future research on classification with HD/VSA, we open-sourced the benchmarking and the implementations of the methods we review. Since the considered data are tabular, encodings based on key-value pairs emerge as optimal choices, boasting superior accuracy while maintaining high efficiency. Secondly, iterative adaptive methods demonstrate remarkable efficacy, potentially complemented by a regenerative strategy, depending on the specific problem. Furthermore, we show how HD/VSA is able to generalize while training with a limited number of training instances. Lastly, we demonstrate the robustness of HD/VSA methods by subjecting the model memory to a large number of bit-flips. The results illustrate that the model’s performance remains reasonably stable until the occurrence of 40% of bit flips, where the model’s performance is drastically degraded. Overall, this study performed a thorough performance evaluation on different methods and, on the one hand, a positive trend was observed in terms of improving classification performance but, on the other hand, these developments could often be surpassed by off-the-shelf methods. This calls for better integration with the broader machine learning literature; the developed benchmarking framework provides practical means for doing so. © The Author(s) 2025
Lifecycle and national inventory perspectives of Swedish road freight transitioning to net zero emissions
No full textThis study analyses what the net zero transition of the Swedish heavy truck fleet will mean for overall emissions reductions from a lifecycle perspective (globally) and for Sweden’s national emissions inventory. The study considers direct tailpipe emissions and indirect emissions from fuels and vehicle production. The study provides a multi-layered perspective on how the transition of the Swedish heavy-duty transport fleet will potentially affect total emissions under different technological variables, and where emissions end up in terms of geographical regions. Results show the electrification of the Swedish truck fleet could be done without increasing emissions outside the country significantly, but that requires domestic low carbon steel and iron production as well as domestic battery production using renewable electricity. If carbon footprints of these components cannot be reduced significantly, there is a risk that vehicle production emissions will increase and end up in other countries’ emissions inventories.
An intermediate governance model for EU regulatory sandboxes
No full textThe purpose of this document is to present a first attempt to define what to consider when establishing an EU regulatory sandbox from a perspective of management. We do this by summarising and synthesizing both the principles laid out in the relevant EU regulations, our own case-based research and by including other sources we found relevant to governing regulatory sandboxes. In short, we present an intermediate governance model for regulatory sandboxes. By intermediate we mean both as a step between the current situation and the future when best practice for conducting regulatory sandboxes is established, as well as to show shared aspects of governance across the different kinds of regulatory sandboxes. Our primary audience are the authorities that will establish or be involved in the operations of the regulatory sandboxes. The outlined model may of course be adapted by other organisations, as well as to the specific contexts of the case at hand. This report is a deliverable from the pre-study Forsa (Förstudie om regulatoriska sandlådors roll för AI-baserad innovation, Vinnova dnr. 2024-01668), which is a research project funded by the Swedish innovation agency and conducted by Theo Andersson, Mats Snäll and Jeanna Åkerman at the Swedish Agency for Digital Government and Håkan Burden and Susanne Stenberg at RISE Research Institutes of Sweden. The ambition with Forsa was to explore the role of and cooperation among public authorities in relation to AI-based innovation in regulatory sandboxes