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Iranian Livestock Breeders' Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Behavioral Determinants Related to Brucellosis Prevention
No full textAbstract Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that affects animals and humans. Its transmission to humans occurs through various routes such as consumption of infected animal products or unprotected close contact with secretions or different parts of live or dead infected animals. This study aims to report Iranian livestock breeders’ awareness, attitude, practice, and behavioral determinants related to Brucellosis prevention. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 among 450 livestock breeders in Beyraq, a suburb of Tabriz city. The Brucellosis Prevention Questionnaire (BPQ) was used to collect data. Statistical analysis performed using SPSS-23. The BPQ, consisting of 53 items, had acceptable psychometric properties (Content Validity Index=0.90, Content Validity Ratio=0.74, Impact Score=4.30, Intra-class Correlation Coefficient=0.885, Composite Reliability=0.895, and Standard Error of Measurement=5.448). The study surveyed 450 livestock breeders, with an average age of 51.68±16.4 years.. Participants with a history of brucellosis reported that their last occurrence of the disease, on average, was 7.03±5.83 years ago.Livestock breeders had moderate knowledge levels (mean score=17.13) and positive attitudes (mean score=3.86) towards Brucellosis prevention, but their practice level was relatively low (mean score=15.9). Significant differences were observed in awareness (p-value <0.001), attitude (p-value=0.03), and practice (p-value <0.001) scores between those who had undergone previous prevention measures compared to those who did not. Participants with a higher education level had higher awareness, attitude, and practice scores. An analysis of variance test (ANOVA) showed that job level had a significant effect on awareness (p-value <0.001) and practice (p-value <0.001) scores, with free jobs having higher scores than other jobs. Findings suggest that Iranian livestock breeders have insufficient knowledge about Brucellosis prevention despite positive attitudes and practices. To prevent the spread of Brucellosis, it is necessary to increase awareness and educate livestock breeders about preventive measures
Splittringen mellan Fidesz & PiS : Synen på kriget mellan Ryssland och Ukraina från Polen och Ungerns ledare
No full textDet här examensarbetet kommer att undersöka vad som skiljer sig mellan partiledarna i Lag och rättvisa i Polen samt Fidesz i Ungern och deras syn på kriget mellan Ryssland och Ukraina. Länge har Viktor Orbán och Andrzej Duda stått på samma sida i politiken och deras partier har stått varandra nära. Examensarbetet kommer därför att visa hur partiledarna skiljer sig åt genom att analysera politiska tal som berör konflikten. Teorierna Populism, Nationalism, Securitization Theory och Konstruktivism kommer att leda analysen. Det kommer visa sig att de har likadana motiv för deras ståndpunkt i det mesta, men att Andrzej Duda inte längre utgår från en populistisk synvinkel vilket Viktor Orbán gör. Det visar sig också att Andrzej Duda, som länge varit en motståndare mot globalism, nu stöttar överstatliga institutioner för att stoppa Ryssland. Medan Viktor Orbán fortfarande anser att stötta Ukraina är att ställa sig på elitens sida och offra sitt eget folk.2025-06-05</p
Advances in Mountain Gazelle Optimizer : A Comprehensive Study on its Classification and Applications
No full textThe Mountain Gazelle Optimizer (MGO) is a newly emerging nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm based on mountain gazelles' regionally and adaptively directed behavior. It is intended to solve complex optimization problems with an effective balance of exploration and exploitation. The MGO has several benefits: it is scalable, adaptable, parameter-free, capable of multi-objective optimization , and offers real-world application opportunities. The drawbacks of MGO include susceptibility to premature convergence, high computational complexity, and limited scalability to solve higher dimensional problems. The focus of the work is to investigate the development of MGO in the optimization field thoroughly. This review addresses the capabilities and limitations and express its growing relevance across applications. The investigation will refer to 89 studies published on MGO, categorized into four headings: adapted, variants, hybrid, and enhanced, contributing 37, 3, 33, and 27%, respectively, of all studies. This review is to supply researchers and practitioners with a comprehensive overview of potential optimization strategies. The review will compile and synthesize relevant studies to portray potential development opportunities for MGO and practical applications
Partimedlemmars förändrade beskaffenhet mot bakgrund av partiernas nedgång
No full textFrågan var, hur ser motiven för deltagande ut för partimedlemmar när detta belyses genom modellerna och teoretiska filtren? Tittar man på AIC över alla de jämförda sex modellerna och ser siffrorna på alla sex (Se Figur B1) kan man se att modellen med bäst förklaringskraft är General Incentives med ett AIC på 3814.1. Följt av Rational Choice modellen. Även värt att notera är att de tre modellerna som Whiteley använde i sin undersökning från 2011 har samma inbördes förhållande i förklaringskraft via AIC, så mellan 2011 och 2017-21 har inte denna ordning ändrats. Detta är en indikation både på att ingen stor förändring skett mellan T1 och T2 men även att konverteringen av indikatorerna till WVS verkar har fungerat. Denna undersökning har dock utökat storleken av hur partimedlemmar kan identifieras genom att utöka modellerna till sex i stället för tre vilket ger ett mer finmaskigt nät att få en bild av hur en partimedlemmars beskaffenhet kan identifieras och därmed följa en förändring över tid. Denna förändring kunde spåras när man undersökte modellernas inbördes indikatorer. Vilka är de mest bärkraftiga förklaringarna för motiv till politiskt deltagande? De mest kraftfulla förklaringarna kom från General Incentives via de extra incitament som behövs för att uppväga deltagandet paradox. De låga AIC värdena visade att modellen hade störst inverkan på den oberoende variabeln. Men för att få en vidare förklaring till partierna nedgång behövs en längre longitudinell undersökning över längre tid som kan visa på variationer. Modellernas inbördes indikatorer visade att en förändring skett mellan Whiteley’s mätning från 2011 till denna som omfattar 2017-21. Undersökningen visade att utbildning har ökat i betydelse för att utlösa politiskt deltagande genom Civic Voluntarism modellen. Subjektiv social status var betydelsefull men var lika vid båda mättillfällena. Nästa modell som kan jämföras vid två tidpunkter var Cognitive Engagement modellen men här kunde ingen större förändring spåras. Normer var fortsatt den viktigaste indikatorn för att driva till deltagande. Finns det förändrade motiv i deltagande jämfört mellan 2011 och 2017-21? I Social Capital modellen fanns skillnader. Tillit och frivilligt arbete hade betydelse för båda undersökningarna men betydelsen av frivilligt arbete hade ökat. Även storlek av community stad/land har minskat i betydelse vilket kan tänkbart förklaras av att effekter av centrum/periferi minskar i de social medierna där fysisk plats spelar en allt mindre roll. Det är önskvärt att kunna göra en större undersökning som omfattar alla sex modellerna över fler mättillfällen och kunna följa utvecklingen av indikatorernas inverkan över tid för att få en bättre bild av den nedgång i partiernas betydelse som är känd sedan tidigare. En möjlig framtida longitudinell undersökning över WVS data kan nu göras efter konverteringen för att se hur dessa sex modeller kan tänkas förändras över tid i förhållande till historisk utveckling och därmed har möjlighet att ge ett mer uttömmande svar av förändringen av partimedlemmarnas beskaffenhet över tid.2025-08-29</p
Mejoramiento del conocimiento sobre salud menstrual en el deporte
No full textMenstrual health represents a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being in relation to a woman's menstrual cycle. From a health literacy perspective, knowledge acquisition and expertise are dependent upon the degree to which an individual can find, access, understand, critically analyse, and apply health information. Therefore, menstrual health literacy can be used to describe the state of knowledge acquisition and application specific to menstrual health-related issues. Menstrual health literacy is low among female athletes, their coaches, and practitioners, and few evidence-informed education or implementation strategies exist to improve menstrual health literacy in sport. Moreover, athletes seldom discuss their menstrual cycles or hormonal contraceptive use with their coaches, despite experiencing menstrual symptoms and/or disturbances and perceiving their menstrual cycles/hormonal contraceptive use to affect performance. Barriers to communication about menstrual cycle-and hormonal contraceptive-related topics include a perceived lack of knowledge among athletes, coaches, and practitioners, concerns about how conversations on these issues will affect interpersonal relationships, and a lack of formal and informal discussion forums. Whilst evidence relating to the effects of the menstrual cycle phase and hormonal contraceptive use on training and performance is currently limited, with existing studies often lacking methodological rigour, impactful steps can still be made to support female athletes. This cornerstone review highlights the current state of menstrual health literacy among athletes, coaches, and practitioners, and provides recommendations for improving menstrual health literacy in sport
Billionärer, våld och lantliv – är all romance likadan? : En analys av tre just nu trendande romancetitlar
No full textThis essay starts off in the criticism of the uniformity of the romance genre. To examine whether the criticism is right or not, a comparative close reading of Colleen Hoover's It Ends With Us, Abby Jimenez's Part of Your World and Ana Huang's King of Wrath has been done. This has been completed to see how the selected novels relate to established genre conventions. The primary focus has been Pamela Regis' eight narrative elements that define a romance. The analysis shows that Part of Your World and King of Wrath fulfils all the narrative elements, unlike It Ends With Us which does not fulfil all the elements. This led to the question of whether Colleen Hoover's novel is a romance or not. By using a more comprehensive, but still established, definition it is seen that the novel belongs to the genre despite that it does not fulfil all of Regis' narrative elements. The essay concludes by examining other differences between the three titles. Thus, further variations were discovered in how Regis' elements are portrayed and placed, but also in narrative point of view, setting and theme. Consequently, it is concluded that these three romance novels demonstrate great variations. The criticism of the genre is therefore worth questioning, if these three titles can show differences it is possible that other novels in the genre can do the same.Slutgiltigt godkännandedatum: 2025-06-26</p
Involving people with lived experiences in the study of a behavioral stress-recovery e-intervention for myocardial infarction patients younger than 55 with cardiac distress : a study protocol
No full textBackground Public and patient involvement and engagement (PPIE) is increasingly valued for improving the quality and relevance of health research. Patient research partners (PRPs) offer lived experience of a previous myocardial infarction and cardiac distress that can enhance study design and implementation. This protocol describes one out of four studies in a larger project aiming to adapt and evaluate a stress recovery intervention for adults (aged < 55) after myocardial infarction with cardiac distress. Objective The primary aim of this study is to explore PRPs’ perceived impact on the design, implementation, and evaluation of the internet-delivered behavioral stress recovery intervention Balance in Everyday Life (iBEL), and to describe the process of their involvement in research activities. This study employs a PPIE approach to systematically involve PRP: s throughout all phases of the research project. Methods Five to eight PRPs with lived experiences of a previous myocardial infarction and cardiac distress will participate in a series of structured online workshops across all phases of the project. They provide feedback on intervention materials and study procedures. Data are collected using impact logs, semi-structured interviews, and questionnaires, and will be analyzed using thematic analysis. Discussion This study is expected to generate insights into how sustained PRP involvement can be integrated into behavioral intervention research. It will highlight how PRPs influence decision-making processes in real time, and how this aligns with scientific and practical considerations. Conclusion The present study provides insights into the perceived impact of PRPs on the design, implementation, and evaluation of the iBEL intervention, highlighting both effective aspects and challenges of patient involvement, and offering guidance for integrating PRP input in behavioral intervention research
Design optimization and real-time implementation of an LSPMSM for efficiency enhancement
No full textThis study presents the design optimization and experimental validation of a Line-Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (LSPMSM) aimed at achieving IE4 efficiency class. An IE1 class induction motor (IM) was used as a reference. Only the rotor structure was modified, while the stator geometry, winding, and mechanical components were kept unchanged. The optimization process focused on rotor slot geometry, magnet placement, magnet dimensions, and core length, employing a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) to maximize efficiency while maintaining cost-effectiveness. Following the optimization, six candidate designs were evaluated based on demagnetization prediction, synchronization performance, and starting torque capability. Among them, Design C demonstrated the highest overall performance. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) confirmed that Design C met IE4 efficiency standards with a calculated efficiency of 92.15%. This result was later experimentally verified at 91.95% through thermal testing. The study further examined the cost and payback period scenarios for adopting LSPMSMs in industrial applications. Three implementation strategies were analyzed: replacing only the rotor, purchasing a new IE4 LSPMSM instead of an IE1 motor, and replacing an operational IE1 motor with an IE4 LSPMSM. The results indicated that efficiency improvement could be achieved with minimal modifications. The payback period varied depending on the investment strategy. The findings demonstrate that high-efficiency LSPMSMs can serve as direct replacements for induction motors, offering energy savings and improved performance while maintaining compatibility with existing motor housings and components.
Midwifery students' confidence in midwifery competence - a Swedish perspective
No full textThis thesis explores the self-perceived confidence of Swedish midwifery students in performing essential clinical competencies at the completion of their education. The research is based on the questionnaire; Confidence of Midwifery Students on Selected Midwifery Competencies at Completion of the Education (COMICE), adapted for the Swedish context as COMICE-S. Aim: The overarching aim of this thesis was to explore Swedish midwifery students’ professional confidence in basic clinical midwifery skills, with a particular focus on the factors influencing confidence development and the role of clinical supervision and teaching methods. Furthermore, the thesis aimed to psychometrically evaluate the COMICE-S questionnaire in a Swedish educational context. Method: Study I, A quantitative study, measuring midwifery students’ confidence in antepartum, intrapartum, postpartum, and newborn care, and is measuring each item midwifery students are expected to manage. Study II: A quantitative study, validating and testing the COMICE-S instrument in a Swedish context. Study III: A mixed method study, focusing on supervision and learning methods in intrapartum care. Study IV: A qualitative approach, analysing comments from midwifery students on factors that decreased or increased confidence during clinical practise. Findings: The validation and testing of the questionnaire showed that the instrument was suitable in the Swedish context. Swedish midwifery students are confident in handling normal pregnancy and birth; however, they need more training in complicated pregnancy and birth. The clinical environment affects professional confidence, structured supervision, and teacher-led sessions are of importance, particularly when followed by simulations. Qualitative findings with newly graduated midwives support the results and suggest a need for extended or alternative educational pathways. Conclusion: The thesis demonstrates that while Swedish midwifery students feel confident in managing normal care, there is a need to strengthen educational strategies to better prepare the graduating midwives for complex clinical situations. The findings offer valuable insights for the continued development of midwifery education
From maltreatment to mistrust : Impaired belief updating as a mechanism linking childhood maltreatment to interpersonal and clinical outcomes
No full textChildhood maltreatment (CM), defined as caregiver-perpetrated abuse or neglect during childhood or adolescence, is associated with enduring social dysfunction. Adults with a history of CM often maintain greater interpersonal distance from both friends and strangers, regardless of relational closeness. Predictive-processing models suggest that such impairments may stem from the development of overly precise negative beliefs about others, which are resistant to updating, even in the face of contradictory information. The current study investigated whether the ability to form and update social beliefs varies as a function of CM history, and whether belief updating moderates the association between CM and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following trauma exposure in adulthood. One hundred and eighteen participants completed a battery of questionnaires and a performance-based task assessing belief formation and updating about friends and strangers. Results indicated no CM-related differences in initial belief formation. However, as predicted, adults with a CM history showed impaired belief updating when interacting with strangers. Importantly, deficits in stranger-related belief updating moderated the relationship between CM severity and PTSD symptoms: those with poor updating showed a stronger association between CM and PTSD, while those with greater flexibility in belief updating reported low symptom levels regardless of maltreatment severity. These findings suggest that CM may disrupt adaptive belief updating in interpersonal contexts, contributing to later vulnerability to psychopathology. The results highlight the potential value of targeting social cognitive processes, particularly belief updating, in interventions aimed at improving social functioning and psychological resilience among individuals with a history of CM