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Women's desire to have a midwife they know during labor and birth has increased significantly over time
No full textBackgroundIn Sweden, women often meet with different midwives during antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum care, due to the structure of maternity care, with few alternatives which provide continuity. This study aims to explore women's interest in having a midwife they know present during labor and birth and to identify the characteristics of women who prefer this option.MethodsA comparative study was conducted involving two Swedish nationwide cohorts of Swedish-speaking pregnant women. The first cohort included 3,061 women, and the second 1,812 women. Descriptive statistics and odds ratios were calculated.ResultsIn total, 4,873 pregnant women completed the survey. Most participants were aged 25-35 years, living with a partner, and born in Sweden. Interest in having a midwife they know increased from 53% in 1999 to 76% in 2024. Key factors associated with this preference included primiparity (OR 3.80; 95% CI 3.27-4.40), being pregnant in 2024 (OR 3.21; 2.70-3.86), being born outside Sweden (OR 2.73; 2.11-3.54), and fear of birth (OR 2.03; 1.56-2.63).ConclusionsInterest in having a known midwife during childbirth has grown significantly in Sweden, highlighting the need for policy changes that promote awareness and expand this option for women
Rethinking car-dependent rural tourism mobility
No full textAutomobile dependence and its externalities pose significant sustainability issues in both urban and rural areas. However, the existing literature mainly focuses on cities, with limited evidence from cases in the countryside. Travelling in rural areas requires attention, as most tourists rely on private cars to travel to and within these places. Also, cars are still widely accepted as "the rural transport solution", which hinders the transition to more sustainable transport systems. In this paper I present empirical evidence on the extent to which domestic tourists depend on their cars for travel to and within S & auml;len, a rural destination in Sweden. According to a Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) survey conducted among tourists in S & auml;len, 89% of visitors travelled to the destination by car, while none of them used collective transport. Moreover, interviews conducted with stakeholders involved in transport planning and management in S & auml;len have revealed challenges in providing alternative mobility options, such as public transport, to the destination. Furthermore, even though the destination offers a ski bus transport system for trips within the destination, the survey results indicate that most tourists still prefer to travel by private car within S & auml;len. The use of private cars for tourist travel has resulted in externalities, particularly congestion during peak times. This view is shared by stakeholders and supported by the results of the tourist survey. These findings have implications for rural (tourism) policy, as they show that developing alternative mobility infrastructure is not enough to shift tourists' automobile dependency in rural areas
Employee Engagement in Swedish Public Sector Organizations : The Impact of Organizational and Social Factors on Employee Net Promoter Scores
No full textMany public organizations are striving to develop sustainable workplaces with a focus on employee engagement. Different models are used in different countries and contexts to measure employee engagement. In Swedish public sector workplaces, a model consisting of three components is used: motivation, leadership and strategic management. There is a need to enhance understanding of the model and its relation to employee advocacy. This study aimsto provide greater understanding of employee engagement dynamics in the public sector, including team climate and work-life balance components,and how this relates to aspects of employee advocacy. Statistical analyses of key components were carried out using survey results from 6020 employees and managers in municipal workplaces.The findings highlight significant relations between the components investigated and the employee-advocacy-related measurement employee Net Promotor Score. Based on OLS regressions, motivation emerged as the most influential component, followed by leadership. It was possible to classify the participants into three categories: Promoters, Passives and Detractors.The promoters exhibited higher scores on all components, and managers had higher scores on several components compared to employees. The results confirm that it is important to use a multi-dimensional approach when studying employee engagement in public sector workplaces.Attraktiva och friska kommunala arbetsplatse
Time courses for pulmonary oxygen uptake and cardiovascular responses are similar during apnea in resting humans
No full textIntroduction The pulmonary oxygen uptake is reduced during apnea, compared to eupneic baseline, preserving the pulmonary oxygen store. This study elucidates the time course for this reduction, comparing it to the time course for apnea-induced cardiovascular responses.Methods and results Experiments involved two groups, performing apneas during rest, both without and with cold-water face immersion (A and AFI). The first group (n = 18) performed A and AFI of gradually increasing durations (from 15 to 120 s, order unknown to participant), allowing analysis of the time course for apneic pulmonary gas exchange. The second group (n = 18) performed A and AFI of identical durations (mean: 137 s), allowing analysis of cardiovascular and respiratory responses. The time course for pulmonary oxygen uptake was similar to the time courses for heart rate and cardiac output, i.e., following a brief increase from eupneic baseline during the initial 15 s of A and AFI, the oxygen uptake was gradually reduced during apnea, reaching a sub-eupneic level from 30 s of apnea and onwards. Changes were augmented during AFI compared to A. Observations confirmed that cardiovascular responses to apnea, including a reduced cardiac output, reduced peripheral blood flow, and most likely a peripheralization of blood volume, preserved the pulmonary oxygen store, while the peripheral venous oxygen stores were depleted to a greater extent.Conclusions We conclude that the central, pulmonary oxygen store is preserved with augmented cardiovascular responses to apnea, at the expense of peripheral venous oxygen stores, with a time course similar to that of the cardiovascular responses
Allt var så fint i början, jag vill ha tillbaka det… : En kvalitativ studie med fokus på kommuners arbete med våldsutsatta kvinnor som återvänder till sin våldsförövare.
No full text2025-01-16</p
Hur bygger man en modern institution? : Vägen mot ett offentligt slakthus 1878-1912
No full textThis essay explores how Stockholm achieved obligatory meat inspection and built a general slaughterhouse as an example of how formal and informal institutions were built in the context of the first industrialisation wave in Stockholm. The focus of the study is the health police in Stockholm 1878-1912 and their lobby work towards obligatory meat inspection. The essay deviates from Douglass Norths theories of new institutionalised economics. The idea of this theory is that formal institutions like new legislation arise from informal institutions and practices that derives from private and public organisations collaborating, competing and trying to improve. The conclusion of this essay is that the health police were very active in the building process of the general slaughterhouse and obligatory meat inspection, but it could also be concluded that the private organisations (the butchers and meat producers) also played an important role in the process.
Predictive value of burnout complaints and depressive symptoms for medically certified sickness absence among physicians in Sweden : a 1 year follow-up observational study
No full textObjective This study aimed to explore the predictive value of severe burnout complaints, symptom dimension of burnout and depressive symptoms for subsequent all-cause medically certified sickness absence (ACMCSA) during the pandemic among physicians in Sweden. Design A 1 year follow-up panel cohort observational study - the Longitudinal Occupational Health Survey for HealthCare in Sweden. At baseline (February-May 2021), a representative sample of 6699 physicians was drawn from the Swedish occupational register and invited to participate in the study. At follow-up (March-May 2022), the full sample (excluding those who died, retired, stopped working as a physician or migrated, n=94) was invited to answer the survey. Setting Swedish primary and specialist healthcare. Participants At baseline, the response rate was 41.3% (n=2761) of which 1575 also answered at follow-up. Primary and secondary outcome measures ACMCSA data came from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency. The Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT-23) was used to measure burnout, including a burnout total score and scores for the four symptom dimensions of exhaustion, mental distance, emotional impairment and cognitive impairment. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Symptom Checklist-core depression (SCL-CD6). Associations between baseline burnout and depressive symptoms and subsequent ACMCSA were estimated with logistic regression analyses. Results ACMCSA was found in 9% of the participating physicians. In the sample, 4.7% had severe burnout complaints, and 3.7% had depressive symptoms. Burnout (OR=2.57; 95% CI=1.27 to 5.23) and the burnout symptom dimensions emotional impairment (OR=1.80; 95% CI=1.03 to 3.15) and cognitive impairment (OR=2.52; 95% CI=1.12 to 5.50) were associated with a higher likelihood of subsequent ACMCSA. Depressive symptoms were not associated with ACMCSA when adjusted for severe burnout complaints and other covariates. Conclusion This study demonstrates the distinction between burnout and depressive symptoms, particularly in predicting future ACMCSA. Early intervention targeting exhaustion and burnout may mitigate symptom development and reduce the risk of ACMCSA.
Hiatus irrationalis in assessing adolescent converts' asylum claims in Swedish migration courts
No full textThis article critically examines the judgments issued by the Migration Court in Stockholm, particularly focusing on cases involving adolescent asylum applicants converted from Islam to Christianity. Drawing upon Max Weber's conceptualization of substantive rationality and substantial irrationality, this research explores the interplay between these elements within the court's decision-making process and the substantive rationality of asylum seekers, particularly how each party navigates complex value systems in the context of asylum claims. In the context of assessing credibility in conversion-based asylum claims in migration courts, substantive rationality entails applying general criteria consistently to evaluate asylum applicants' credibility based on objective evidence, while also acknowledging that individuals may prioritize their values over their legal conformity, as seen in the case of asylum applicant converts. The Court's credibility assessments, while intended to determine the trustworthiness of asylum claims, can lead to substantively irrational outcomes due to subjective judgment and overemphasis on written evidence. Politically appointed lay judges further complicate the decision-making process, often resulting in dissenting opinions from professional judges. In conclusion, while the court's decision-making process may appear rationalized through administrative procedures, it often embodies substantial irrationality in its disregard for the challenges faced by asylum applicant converts and the subjective biases of decision-makers
Rhetoric in Science Policy Implementation : Persuading Researchers to Integrate Sex and Gender Perspectives
No full textResearch funding organizations increasingly steer researchers to integrate certain perspectives into the content of their research. Little is known, however, about the mechanisms by which these policies are operationalized. This study addresses a popular measure relied upon by research funding organizations to increase the integration of the sex and gender perspectives into the content of research - namely persuasion. An analysis of the rhetoric employed by the European Commission – aimed at Horizon Europe grant applicants – uncovers a variety of persuasion techniques, including appeals to reason (logos), character (ethos) and emotion (pathos). The paper discusses different challenges in assessing the workings and efficacy of this type of implementation measure
Understanding Older Persons' Experiences of Care Encounters in the Home Environment : A Hermeneutic Study
No full textABSTRACT Aim To explore and gain a deeper understanding of older persons' experiences of care encounters when their home becomes a workplace. Background Worldwide healthcare services are increasingly being provided in older persons' homes by registered nurses. This presents new challenges as the home environment of older persons now doubles as a workplace for healthcare professionals. However, there is limited research available on how older persons experience care encounters when their homes serve as workplaces and how this influences their overall well-being and quality of life. Design A qualitative hermeneutic study. Methods In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted in Sweden from October 2023 to January 2024 with 10 purposefully selected older persons (aged 65+). Each participant received regular visits from a home care nurse in their home to address specific care needs, such as wound care, medication administration, blood sampling and general supervision. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a hermeneutic interpretation. Findings The hermeneutic analysis emerged with one main theme: ?Experiencing care encounters at home as a lottery?, with two underlying themes: ?Adapting to loss of control in the private sphere? and ?Striving for independence while navigating daily living?. Conclusions Older persons try to control their lives despite the challenges associated with ageing and receiving care at home. They strive to maintain their independence and autonomy, which reflects their desire for self-determination. Supporting these efforts in an interdependent relationship can enhance their well-being and quality of life. Reporting Method Findings were reported following the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines. Patient or Public Contribution Data were collected by patient interviews. Implications for the Profession and Patient Care This study emphasises the importance of supporting older persons in maintaining control over their lives while being cared for in their homes. In the care encounters with home care nurses, their well-being and quality of life can be improved by respecting their autonomy, involving them in decision-making and offering tailored support