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Microbial enzymatic activities in soils of Vojvodina, Serbia: insights into the relationship with chemical soil properties
No full textFor an agricultural region such as the Vojvodina Province in northern Serbia, soil quality monitoring is very important. Enzymatic activities are proposed as good indicators as they respond to even the slightest changes in the soil. This study aimed to analyze the enzymatic activity levels across three different soil types in Vojvodina and to examine their connection to soil chemical properties and land use. All soil types (chernozem, vertisol, solonchak) were sampled at nine locations, each with 3 field plots. The activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, dehydrogenase, and catalase were measured in samples, as well as the selected chemical properties. Results showed differences in enzymatic activity across different soil types and land use. The most active enzymes in vertisol were acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase; in solonchak, it was alkaline phosphatase; in chernozem, it was dehydrogenase. A high correlation between enzymatic activities and certain soil chemical properties (pH reaction, organic matter, organic carbon, total nitrogen) was also observed, underlining the existence of a relationship between different soil components. The highest determined correlation was between acid phosphatase and pH (r=-0.7), alkaline phosphatase and total nitrogen (r=0.7), and organic matter (r=0.72); the obtained correlations were found to be statistically significant
Contrasting Performance of Two Winter Wheat Varieties Susceptible to Leaf Rust under Diverse Pathogen Pressure, Fungicide Application, and Cultivation Practices
No full textThis study investigated the relationship between yield, thousand kernel weight (TKW), and crude protein of soft white winter wheat–club variety (Barbee) and soft white winter wheat common variety (Zvezdana) susceptible to leaf rust and powdery mildew under different cultivation practices. Results revealed divergence in associations between yield, TKW, and crude protein loss of winter wheat varieties susceptible to obligate pathogens. Under the same level of leaf rust infection, N-input limited yield loss of the two varieties but not to the same extent. TKW loss was affected only by variety × cultivation practice and was significantly correlated with yield loss (r = −0.727, p = 0.011) and crude protein loss (r = −0.600, p = 0.05) only in club winter wheat. We suspected that Ninput affects the difference in the relationship between yield and TKW loss among varieties. Crude protein and yield loss had a low association (R2 = 18%, p = 0.05). Finally, this study indicated that more attention should be paid to the determination of pathogen pressure that triggers yield loss. It also pointed out that yield, TKW, and crude protein response to fungicides could differ in susceptible varieties. The contribution of fungicide to yield enhancement was highly associated with the specific reaction of the variety to pathogen infection rather than solely the disease level itself
Small Molecule, Big Impacts: Nano-nutrients for sustainable agriculture and food security
No full textHuman existence and the long-term viability of society depend on agriculture. Overuse of synthetic fertilizers results in increased contamination of the land, water, and atmosphere as well as financial constraints. In today's modern agriculture, environmentally friendly technology is becoming more and more significant as a substitute for conventional fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Using nanotechnology, agricultural output can be improved in terms of quality, biological support, financial stability, and environmental safety. There is a lot of promise for the sustainable application of nano-fertilizers in crop productivity and soil fertility, with little or no negative environmental effects. In this context, the present review provided an overview of the benefits of using nanofertilizers, its application and types. Mechanistic approach for increasing soil fertility and yield via nanofertilizers also described in detail. We concluded this article to compare the advantages of nanofertilizers over chemicals and nano-chemicals. Nonetheless, additional investigation is required to comprehend the effects and possible hazards of nanomaterials in the food production chain
Produktivnost NS krmnog sirka i sudanske trave u uslovima suše
No full textSirak (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) je jednogodišnja biljna vrsta iz familije trava Poaceae. Jedna od značajnih prednosti gajenja ove biljke je visok stepen tolerantnosti prema uslovima suše i visokih temperatura, što se može objasniti činjenicom da je sirak zbog svog porekla dobro prilagođen toplim uslovima sredine (Sikora et al. 2019). U sušnim godinama, kada mnoge biljne vrste kao odgovor na nedostatak vode u potpunosti prekidaju vegetaciju, što dovodi do uvenuća, biljke sirka reaguju uvijanjem listova, zaustavljanjem rasta i prelaskom u fazu mirovanja dok period suše traje, nakon čega se regenerišu i nastavljaju sa rastom. Poslednjih nekoliko godina svedoci smo sve toplijih i sušnijih godina. Vegetacioni period, april-septembar, 2022. godine bio je sa dominantnim visokim temperaturama. Prosečne temperaturne vrednosti za maj, jun, jul i avgust bile su iznad višegodišnjeg proseka, 1961-1990. Padavine su imale nepovoljan raspored za većinu useva, pa su u ključnim mesecima (maj, jun i jul) bile znatno ispod višegodišnjeg proseka, a ukupna količina za vegetacioni period bila je 392,8 mm (Republički hidrometeorološki zavod Srbije). Ovakvi uslovi prouzrokovali su značajne posledice za prinos ratarskih useva, a jedno od rešenja je gajenje tolerantnijih vrsta. U ovom radu, predstaljeni su preliminarni jednogodišnji rezultati sa lokaliteta Rimski šančevi, 2022. godine. Cilj je bio analiza prinosa (zelene krme i suve materije t/ha) i visine biljaka (cm) aktuelnog sortimenta krmnog sirka i sudanske trave u uslovima suše. Ispitivani materijal posejan je u optimalnom roku za naknadnu setvu, 07.06.2022. godine, na zemljištu tipa černozem. Sorte sudanske trave Srem i krmnog sirka NS Džin košene su u dva roka, prvi otkos bio je 50 dana nakon setve, dok je drugi otkos bio 44 dana nakon prvog otkosa. Hibrid krmnog sirka Siloking imao je jedan otkos, u fazi mlečno-voštane zrelosti zrna. Ostvarene prosečne vrednosti za visinu biljaka u prvom otkosu bile su 149,0 cm za Srem i 150,7 cm za NS Džin. U drugom otkosu sorte su ostvarile visinu biljaka od 171,7 cm (Srem) i 180,3 cm (NS Džin). Prosečna vrednost za visinu biljaka hibrida Siloking bila je 272,6 cm. Prinos sudanske trave u prvom otkosu bio je 35,7 t/ha, dok je u drugom otkosu ostvaren prinos od 59,2 t/ha, što čini ukupan prinos zelene krme za sortu Srem 94,9 t/ha. Ukupan prinos zelene krme za sortu krmnog sirka NS Džin bio je 119,5 t/ha, 37,5 t/ha u prvom i 82,0 t/ha u drugom otkosu. Jednootkosni hibrid krmnog sirka Siloking je ostvario prinos zelene krme od 184,0 t/ha. Prinos suve materije za ispitivani sortiment bio je 21,0 t/ha za Srem (7,0 t/ha i 14,0 t/ha), 27,0 t/ha za NS Džin (7,4 t/ha i 19,6 t/ha), dok je Siloking ostvario prinos suve materije od 61,8 t/ha iz jednog otkosa. Ostvareni preliminarni rezultati ukazuju da NS sortiment krmnog sirka i sudanske trave u sušnim godinama ostvaruje visoke i stabilne prinose i može biti adekvatna zamena u slučaju deficita kabastih stočnih hraniva u ishrani preživara
Chemical desiccation of sunflower – new challenges
No full textIspitivan je uticaj hemijskih desikanata na gubitak vlage zrna i semenske kvalitete suncokreta. Herbicidima Kabuki 2.5 EC (a. i. pyraflufen-ethyl, 1 l/ha), i carfentrazoneethyl, (0,4 l/ha) tretirano je 6 CMS roditeljskih linija. Prosečan sadržaj vlage zrna se kod oba tretmana nije značajno razlikovao od kontrolne varijante. Nije bilo vidljivih znakova sušenja drugih biljnih organa u odnosu na kontrolu. Energija klijanja i klijavost semena ispitivani su 40 i 54 dana posle žetve. Nije došlo do pada semenskih kvaliteta u odnosu na kontrolu. Korišćeni herbicidi nisu pokazali zadovoljavajući efekat u desikaciji suncokreta.The influence of chemical desiccants on grain moisture loss and sunflower seed quality was investigated. 6 CMS parental lines were treated with the herbicides Kabuki 2.5 EC (a. i. pyraflufen-ethyl, 1 l/ha) and carfentrazone-ethyl (0.4 l/ha). The average grain moisture content in both treatments was not significantly different from the control variety. There were no visible signs of drying of other plant organs compared to the control. Germination energy and seed germination were examined 40 and 54 days after harvest. There was no decline in seed quality compared to the control. The used herbicides did not show a satisfactory effect in sunflower chemical desiccation
The possibility of application of cold pressed camelina seed oil in pet food
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja je ispitivanje nutritivne vrednosti i mogućnost primene hladno ceđenog ulja lanika dobijenog iz semena dva srpska genotipa lanika (NS Zlatka i NS Slatka) u hrani za kućne ljubimce. U tu svrhu određivan je masnokiselinski sastav, odnos ω-6 i ω-3 masnih kiselina, kao i aterogeni i trombogeni indeksi i hipoholesterolski/hiperholesterolski odnos. Takođe, određivan je i sadržaj liposolubilnih vitamina, bioaktivnih komponenti i antioksidativni kapacitet. Prikazani su i rezultati analize bojeThe aim of this research is to investigate the nutritive value and the possibility of application of cold pressed camelina seed oil obtained from two Serbian camelina seed genotypes (NS Zlatka and NS Slatka) as a potential ingredient for pet food. For that purpose fatty acid profil, ω-6 and ω-3 ratio, atherogenic, thrombogenicity indexes and ratio of hypocholesterolemic to hypercholesterolemic were analysed. The study also included the investigation of the content of fat-soluble vitamins and the content of bioactive compounds as well as antioxidant capacity. The color of cold pressed oil was also determine
NS Ecob, sorta soje
No full textOvo je novostvorena sorta soje (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) NS Ecob priznata od strane Uprave za zaštitu bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije.This is registered newly-developed cultivar of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) NS Ecob released by the Plant Protection Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia.Broj rešenja: 320-04-3335/2/2021-11
Datum rešenja: 04.05.2023
NS Gvozden, hibrid suncokreta (Rumunija)
No full textNS Gvozden je hibrid suncokreta priznat od strane Ministarstva za poljoprivredu Rumunije (Ministerul agriculturii si dezvoltarii rurale), Bukurešt.NS Gvozden is a sunflower hybrid released by the Romanian Ministry of Agriculture (Ministerul agriculturii si dezvoltarii rurale), Bucharest.Rešenje Nacionalnog instituta za testiranje i registraciju biljnih vrsta (Institutul de stat pentru testarea si inregistrarea soiurilor (ISTIS) broj 2572 od 30.03.2023. godine
Organska materija zemljišta
No full textOrganska materija je esencijalna komponenta zemlјišta, a čine je sve žive i mrtve materije stvorene biološkim putem, koje se nalaze na zemlјištu ili na njegovoj površini. Živi deo organske materije zove se edafon, a izumrli deo koji se nalazi u neprekidnim procesima transformacije humus. Dakle, u širem smislu, humus je sva mrtva organska materija u zemlјištu, a u užem humusom se smatraju humusne materije nastale u procesu humifikacije, mikrobiološkom razgradnjom i nastankom novih kompleksnih organskih materija
Characterization of buckwheat (Fagopyrum sp.) collection in Serbia
No full textWith the aim of optimizing the buckwheat assortment for the region of Serbia, field trials with 161 accessions of Fagopyrum sp. were set up in Backi Petrovac (45° 20' 12" N, 19° 40' 12" E) during 2023. In addition to 148 F. esculentum var. esculentum accessions, the phenotypic characterization of 30 ‘agromorphological characteristics also includes 7 var. emarginatum as well as 4 F. tataricum, 1. dibotrys and 1 F. ocutatum. Characterization of properties was carried out according to ECPGR Descriptors for buckwheat. The experiment, which was set up on May 10, was marked by extreme conditions that included high rainfall at the end of May, high temperatures at the end of June, storm at the end of July and high temperatures at the beginning of August. Such extreme conditions allowed test collection for tolerance to high temperatures and lodging. Within the analyzed collection, significant phenotypic variability was noted for all selected traits. Some of the traits were strongly affected by the extreme conditions such as high temperatures of over 40 °C during the generative phase of plant development which completely destroyed all accessions except F. esculentum, from which 26 were also significantly damaged. Additionally, a large part of the collection (93 accessions) showed a pronounced sensitivity to lodging and as such are not suitable for mechanized harvesting. Nineteen accessions showed partial lodging and they could be used with partial yield reduction