5782 research outputs found
Sort by
Editorial: Sugar Beet Special Issue: Biotechnology and Breeding Techniques for Stress-Resistant Sugar Beet
No full textSugar beet ranks as the second most important sugar crop globally, after sugarcane, with an estimated global production of 183.51 million metric tons in 2023-2024. Contributing 20–25% of the world’s total sugar output, sugar beet plays a significant role in the global sugar industry. Europe leads in sugar beet cultivation, producing around 50% of the global supply. In addition to its importance in sugar and bioethanol production, sugar beet pulp is highly valued as a feed supplement for gestating and lactating cows, known for its high energy content and digestibility. It can also replace roughage in finishing diets. Beet tailings provide essential nutrients for livestock, particularly cattle. Beyond agriculture, sugar beet is used in chemical production, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional petrochemical sources
Medicinal properties of lavender essential oils for the brain: with effect on epilepsy, depresion, anxiety and migraine
No full textLavender belonging to the Lamiaceae family and has several species. The most commonly species are used for the commercial extraction of essential oil are: Lavandula angustifolia, Lavandula latifolia, Lavandula stoechas and Lavandula intermedia. Essential oils to have many medicinal properties and are used as a part of alternative medicine, in medicine, cosmetics, and aromatherapy. Lavender essential oil has anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. Studies indicate that lavender essential oil has a positive effect on Many studies indicate the effect of lavender on several neurological disorders, including epilepsy, depression, anxiety, migraine, and Alzheimer’s disease was investigated. It is necessary to continue research on Lavender essential oil in the field of medicine in order to increase its contribution to clinical practice
NS Kimera, sorta pšenice
No full textRešenje Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede, Uprava za zaštitu bilja, broj rešenja 320-44-08534/2/2022-11 od 24.10.2024
Novi tehnološki postupak uticaja digestata na prinos biomase raži i biogasa na degradiranom zemljištu
No full textPritisak na životnu sredinu i prirodne resurse znatno je povećan sa rastom ljudske populacije na planeti i promenama u načinu života. Jedan od razloga je i linearna ekonomija kojom se iz životne sredine crpe resursi, proizvode se stvari koje se koriste i na kraju bacaju. Na ovaj način su prevashodno ugroženi neobnovljivi resursi, a kada je poljoprivreda u pitanju, pre svega zemljište. Novo tehničko rešenje je u skladu sa cirkularnom ekonomijom i pristupom koji je u ekonomskom i ekološkom smislu održiv, a obuhvata korišćenje biomase, smanjenje otpada i maksimalno iskorištavanje resursa, proizvodnju biogasa, i upotrebu digestata kao sredstva za meliorativnu popravku zemljištaTehničko rešenje je kategorisano kao M82 na 36. redovnoj sednici MNO za BiP održanoj 28.02.2025. godine
Adaptabilnost, stabilnost i visok prinos - NS hibridi suncokreta nove generacije za nove izazove
No full textSuncokret je sve više ižložen negativnim uticajima klimatskih promena, posebno visokim
temperaturama i sušnim periodima, što neretko uzrokuje značajne varijacije i smanjenje prinosa
semena. S obzirom na to da se klimatske promene ne mogu zaustaviti, neophodno je
identifikovati promene u biljci koje omogućavaju prilagođavanje na ekstremne klimatske uslove i
primeniti ova saznanja u procesu oplemenjivanja. Stvaranje novih genotipova tolerantnih na sušu
i sve vrste stresa je prioritet u sadašnjem ali i budućem procesu oplemenjivanja biljaka.
Postizanje ovog cilja zahteva ispitivanje performanši hibrida na više lokaliteta i u ražlićitim
godinama, osiguravajuć i tako pouzdane rezultate i prilagodljivost u promenljivim okolnostima.
Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Institut od nacionalnog značaja za Republiku Srbiju, Novi Sad
sprovodi svake godine multilokacijske mikro i proizvodne ogleda širom zemlje, testirajući
adaptabilnost i stabilnost novih i već raširenih hibrida suncokreta u različitim mikroklimatskim
uslovima. Tokom 2023. godine hibridi nove generacije, odnosno dva konvencionalna hibrida (NS
Kruna i NS Ronin) i dva Express (SUMO) hibrida (NS H 8002 i NS H 8005) posejani su u osam
regiona tj. okruga, kod četiri poljoprivredna proizvođača a u svakom okrugu. Imajući u vidu da je u
2023. godini, prosečan prinos semena suncokreta u Republici Srbiji prema procenama iznošio 2,7
-2,9 t/ha, a kada uporedimo ovu vrednost sa prosečnim prinosima u mreži proizvodnih ogleda
osam okruga, jasno se ističe visok kvalitet NS hibrida suncokreta nove generacije. NS Ronin je
ostvario izuzetan prinos od 4,2 t/ha, prati ga NS Kruna sa 4 t/ha, dok su SUMO hibridi NS H 8002
i NS H 8005 postigli prinose od 3,7 t/ha i 3,8 t/ha. Rezultati AMMI analize pokazuju da je za
prinos semena tokom 2023. godine u proseku kroz sve okruge najstabilniji bio hibrid NS H 8002,
sa vrednosć u IPC1 najblizoj nuli. Hibridi NS Kruna, NS Ronin i NS H 8005 su pokazali manju
stabilnost, jer su bili udaljeniji od linije stabilnosti u odnosu na hibrid NS H 8002, ali su ovi
hibridi u proseku ostvarili veće prinose u svim okruzima. Ovi rezultati potvrđuju da novosadski
hibridi nove generacije poseduju izuzetnu adaptabilnost, stabilnost, a pored toga i visok
potencijal za prinos u različitim agroekološkim uslovima širom Republike Srbije
Does cattle production affect global warming?
No full textIn all developed countries, an efficient livestock and cattle production sector is required to ensure a consistent supply of high-quality food. According to recent publications, the global livestock business accounts for 14.5% of total anthropogenic emissions, with the cattle sector contributing to 65%. Although it contributes to total emissions, the livestock sector has the potential to mitigate climate change by 14% to 41%. It is important to emphasize that the animal production sector is critical to food production, which is essential to human survival. However, the reliability of these estimations is frequently called into question. There is currently a particularly active campaign against the livestock and cattle production sectors, and it is critical to identify the interest groups behind it and their reasons. The issue must be asked: would there be a drive for artificial or vegan “meat” if there was no intense campaign against livestock farming as the claimed cause of climate change
Varijabilnost agronomskih svojstava kod genotipova povrtarskog graška (Pisum sativum L.)
Get PDFIn this study, a total of 12 vegetable pea genotypes of different growing seasons were subjected to phenotypic characterization. The vegetable pea genotypes are a part of the collection maintained at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad. The plant material included 10 promising lines and two released cultivars, Tamiš and Dunav. The trial was carried out in 2022. It was set up at the Rimski Šančevi site, as a randomized block design in five replications. A total of 14 agronomic traits were analyzed. The obtained research results revealed divergence in the investigated plant material. The statistical significance of all sources of variation was determined by the LSD test. The height of the first fertile node was found to be the most variable feature, with a coefficient of variation of 40.54%. The tested genotypes were clustered into two groups and two subgroups within the second group. The correlation analysis of the examined quantitative traits revealed the presence of several statistically significant positive and negative correlations. Some of the most significant positive correlations were established between the grain weight per plant and the number of grains per plant and the yield of technologically mature grain, while the pod width and the number of fertile nodes per plant had the most negative correlations with the other tested traits.U toku ovog istraživanja izvršena je fenotipska karakterizacija 12 genotipova povrtarskog graška, različite dužine vegetacije, koji pripadaju kolekciji Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu. Biljni materijal obuhvatao je 10 perspektivnih selekcionih linija i dve priznate sorte tamiš i dunav. Ogled je izveden tokom 2022. godine, postavljen je po slučajnom blok sistemu, u pet ponavljanja na lokalitetu Rimski Šančevi. Analizirano je 14 agronomskih osobina. Dobijeni rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na postojanje divergentnosti u ispitivanom biljnom materijalu. Analizom varijanse ispitivanih agronomskih osobina utvrđena je statistička značajnost svih izvora varijacije. Kao najvarijabilnija osobina istakla se visina prvog rodnog nodusa sa koeficijentom varijacije od 40,54%. Ispitivani genotipovi su primenom klaster analize grupisani u dve grupe sa dve podgrupe u okviru druge grupe. Korelacionom analizom ispitivanih kvantitativnih svojstava utvrđeno je postojanje nekoliko statistički značajnih pozitivnih i negativnih međuzavisnosti. Neke od najznačajnijih pozitivnih korelacija utvrđene su između osobina: masa zrna po biljci i prinos tehnološki zrelog zrna, kao i broja zrna po biljci i prinosa tehnološki zrelog zrna, dok svojstva širina mahune i suma rodnih nodusa po biljci imaju najviše negativnih korelacija sa ostalim ispitivanim osobinama
The effect of fertility control on soil conservation as a basic resource of sustainable agriculture
Get PDFFor agricultural production is used almost 40% of the global land from where it dominates conventional agriculture which uses large amounts of inputs in the form of fertilizers and pesticides leading to the contamination of soil, water resources, air pollution and land erosion, affects biodiversity and extinction of many plants and animals. On the other hand, the world's population is constantly growing and currently numbers more than 8 billion people and it is estimated that food production will have to double by 2050. In order to meet the future needs of the population for food raw materials, food production must significantly increase, and at the same time, the impact of agriculture on the environment and natural resources must be drastically reduced. Sustainable agriculture is emerging as one of the solutions. This way of agricultural practice refers to the management and preservation of natural resources through organizational and technological changes in modern agricultural production in order to satisfy human needs and preserve the environment. One of the most important natural resources on which the entire agricultural production relies is land. In intensively cultivated lands, there is a noticeable trend of intense degradation, which represents a major problem facing humanity. The paper reviews the decrease in soil fertility based on the samples collected during the five-year monitoring, as well as a proposal for measures to increase fertility and future preservation of this environmental resource
Total phenolic content and antioxidative potential of Serbian old wheat local landraces and locally adapted varieties
No full textContent of total phenolics and antioxidative potential were determined in 33 local landraces
and old locally adapted varieties grown in Serbia in 2021/2022, among them 3 varieties are
modern. Wholemeal flour was analyzed. Total phenolics were determined according to
spectrophotometric assay. Antioxidative potential was measured as DPPH radical scavenging
activity and the results expressed as ICso values. The lower the ICso value, the more potent is
the extract at scavenging DPPH and this implies a higher antioxidant activity. Total phenolics
in 18 old locally adapted varieties and 12 local landraces were in the range of 351-963 pg
GAE/g of flour, while average value of total phenolics in 3 modern varieties was
390 + 7.3 pg GAE/g of flour and was lower than in majority of all local landraces and
varieties. Only one third of 30 old local varieties and landraces showed lower ICso values
(150-230 mg/mL) than modern varieties (232-280 mg/mL). Average ICso value for 30 tested
wheat samples was 286 = 104 mg/mL. Correlation of -0.616 was obtained for total phenolic
content and scavenging activity expressed as ICso. Yield and thousand kernel weights for old
local varieties and landraces were 5.5-8.1 t/ha and 270-480 g, respectively. Measurements
significant in assessing the yield and quality of a wheat such as thousand kernel weight in
correlation with the antioxidative potential can be an important consideration in selecting and
improving crop varieties, according to the literature data, however this parameter was not
measured in this study
Genome-wide analysis of yield-related traits in winter wheat under Serbian multienvironmental conditions
No full textCreating wheat varieties with high yield potential is a comprehensive task due to its highly quantitative and polygenic nature, and low heritability. Selection based on different yield components may contribute to increasing genetic gain and avoiding yield plateaus. The availability of high-throughput molecular tools, along with the continuous development of wheat sequence databases, opened a new era for dissecting grain yield. The aim of this study was to perform a genome-wide association analysis for agronomically important traits on a set of 261 accessions originating from 30 countries worldwide, across three growing seasons in Southeast Europe, using the 90 K iSELECT chip. Eight yield-related traits: plant height (PH), peduncle length (PL), spike length (SL), spike weight (SW), spikelet number per spike (SNSP), grain number per spike (GNSP), grain weight per spike (GW), and thousand grain weight (TGW) were evaluated. Three multivariate GWAS models (BLINK, FarmCPU, and MLMM) revealed a total of 157 statistically significant associations (LOD>5.4) across the whole wheat genome. The highest number of associations was detected for the B genome (58%) specifically for chromosomes 1B (17%) and 7B (15%). Among 17,093 SNPs remained after filtering markers with >10% missing data and MAF <5%, 21 SNPs showed associations stable for different models/environments. Two SNP markers, RAC875_c6905_776 (1B) and D_contig21046_677 (2D), showed positive effects on SNSP, and explained around 12-17%, of phenotypic variation (PVE) for this trait. The SL was positively correlated with locus IAAV8416 (5B), with a small PVE of 1%. In contrast, the SNP marker from chromosome 3B, Kukri_c48750_1372, showed a negative effect on this yield component, with an average PVE of about 16%. The highest number of stable QTLs was detected for PH and PL. Two SNPs from the A genome, BobWhite_c2001_586 (5A) and wsnp_Ex_c31149_39976066 (6A), showed a pleiotropic effect on PH and PL