5782 research outputs found
Sort by
Non-destructive assessment of the physiological status of wheat mutant lines in the open field
No full textThe productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is increasingly challenged by global climate change, particularly rising temperatures and drought stress. Enhancing stress resilience through conventional breeding is limited by the complex nature of abiotic stress tolerance, making the development of innovative breeding strategies to overcome these challenges a global priority. Accordingly, winter wheat variety NS40S developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Serbia was chosen for production of mutant populations to potentially improve abiotic stress tolerance and yield. Within the project RER/5/024 “Enhancing productivity and resilience to climate change of major food crops in Europe and Central Asia” 2000 seeds were exposed to the dose of 210 Gy gamma irradiation in the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), in 2021. The obtained M0 seeds were sown in a bulk at the experimental field at location Rimski Šančevi, Serbia, in 2021/22 growing season, and during the 2024/2025 growing season M4 generation, comprising of 200 lines, was obtained. The aim of this study was to assess physiological status of 50 mutant lines and variety NS40S by using non-destructive portable devices. For measurements of chlorophyll, flavonols, anthocyanins and nitrogen balanced index, optical leafclip meter DUALEX was used. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was determined with GreenSeeker crop sensor. ANOVA showed significant differences between lines regarding analyzed parameters. Lines were separated into different groups using PCA whereby a certain number of lines were grouped together with the variety NS40S, while the other lines were in distinct groups, which may be a consequence of the effects of gamma irradiation. Thеsе results, as indicators of photosynthetic activity, health status of plants and stress response, coupled with further analysis of yield components and quality will be used for selection of new high-yielding varieties with enhanced abiotic tolerance
Pathogenicity of Different Fusarium Species on Onion Seeds
No full textCrni luk je jedna od najčešće gajenih povrtarskih vrsta koje se tradicionalno proizvode iz arpadžika, ali proizvodnja iz semena postaje sve rasprostranjenija. Mnogi fitopatogeni organizmi mogu se prenositi semenom luka, ali najčešće su to Fusarium vrste. Cilj rada bio je da se utvrdi patogenost različitih Fusarium izolata na seme crnog luka sorte Majski srebrenjak. U ispitivanje je uključeno šest izolata (četiri vrste): F. proliferatum, F. verticilioides, F. oxysporum i F. solani, koji su izolovani sa semena crnog luka. Izolati su prouzrokovali smanjenje klijavosti semena i imali su inhibitorni efekat na porast ponika. Seme inokulisano sa F. verticilioides, F. solani i F. oxysporum imalo je klijavost ispod 16%, što je četiri puta manje nego u kontroli. F. proliferatum-inokulisano seme imalo je klijavost od 20 do 40%. Izolati F. proliferatum K-476, F. verticilioides K-470, F. oxysporum K-481 i F. solani K-483 štetno su delovali na dužinu ponika. U poređenju sa kontrolom, ponik iz inokulisanog semena bio je dva do tri puta kraći, dok je stopa zaostajanja u porastu prelazila 50%.Onion is one of the most commonly grown vegetable crops traditionally produced from onion sets, but production from seeds is becoming more widespread. Many fungal diseases can be seed-borne on onion seeds, but the most common are Fusarium species. The aim of this paper was to determine the pathogenicity of different Fusarium isolates on onion seeds cv. Majski srebrenjak. Six isolates of four Fusarium species (F. proliferatum, F. verticilioides, F. oxysporum and F. solani) obtained from onion seeds were included in the study. The results showed that the isolates caused reduced germination and inhibited seedling growth. Seeds inoculated with F. verticilioides, F. solani and F. oxysporum had germination rates below 16%, which was four times lower than the control. Seeds inoculated with F. proliferatum had germination rates ranging from 20 to 40%. The isolates F. proliferatum K-476, F. verticilioides K-470, F. oxysporum K-481 and F. solani K-483 had a harmful effect on seedling length. Compared to the control, seedlings from inoculated seeds were two to three times shorter and had a stunting rate above 50%
The influence of the variety on the Triticum spelta L. productivity grown by organic conditions in Srem
No full textSpelt wheat - Triticum spelta L. is one of the oldest known types of hexaploid group wheat, with hulled kernels. Spelt is important for biodiversity, successfully adapts to unfavorable climatic conditions and uses favorable elements of the environment. Due to its better adaptation to unfavorable biotic and abiotic conditions than ordinary wheat, large wheat is suitable for cultivation in the ecological agricultural production system. This paper presents the results of the examination of the morphological and productive characteristics of two varieties of Spelt, namely: Nirvana and Ostra during 2023/2024 in the agroecological conditions of Srem, in Pančevo, in the organic system of production
Effects of mineral and organic fertilization on yield and yield components of winter wheat on acid soil
No full textU cilju ispitivanja uticaja genotipa i različitih tretmana đubrenja na prinos i komponente prinosa ozime pšenice sproveden je ogled u Srednjoj poljoprivredno-hemijskoj školi „Dr Đorđe Radić“ u Kraljevu tokom vegetacione sezone 2017/2018. Ogled je postavljen na pseudoglejnom zemljištu, koje se odlikuje nepovoljnim fizičkim osobinama, lošim vodno–vazdušnim režimom, čestim deficitom vode ili vazduha i izrazito kiselom reakcijom (pH < 4,5). U istraživanje su bile uključene dve sorte pšenice (Pobeda i NS 40S) i pet tretmana đubrenja: 1 – kontrola, 2 – N, 3 – NPK, 4 – NPK + kreč i 5 – NPK + kreč + stajnjak. Ogledi su postavljeni po slučajnom blok sistemu sa pet ponavljanja. Analizirani su prinos zrna, masa 1000 zrna i hektolitarska masa.A field experiment was conducted at the Secondary Agricultural-Chemical School “Dr Đorđe Radić” in Kraljevo during the 2017/2018 growing season to investigate the effects of genotype and different fertilization treatments on yield and yield components of winter wheat. The trial was established on pseudogley soil characterized by unfavorable physical properties, poor water–air regime, frequent water or air deficits, and extremely acidic reaction (pH < 4.5). Two wheat cultivars (Pobeda and NS 40S) and five fertilization treatments were included: 1 – control, 2 – N, 3 – NPK, 4 – NPK + lime, and 5 – NPK + lime + manure. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with five replications. Grain yield, thousand kernel weight (TKW), and test weight (TW) were analyzed
The influence of locality on the agronomic characteristics of maize hybrids
No full textDuring 2024, maize trials were set up at two locations: Raţa Kragujevacka and Sombor with two maize hybrids: H1-BC 306 and H2-BC Klipan, in four replications. The influence of hybrids and locality on the morphological characteristics and components of maize a thousand grain mass was examined. The following parameters were tested: maize plant height, cob length and 1000 grain mass. Genotype and locality had a statistically significant effect on the 1000 grain mass, plant height and maize cob length. The average 1000 grain mass in both locations was 317.5 g for the H1 maize hybrid and 387.5 g for the H2 hybrid. The results showed that higher values of the tested maize parameters were recorded in hybrid H2 compared to hybrid H1. At the Sombor location, higher values of the tested hybrids for the 1000 grain mass were recorded compared to the Raţa Kragujevacka location, while at the Raţa Kragujevacka location, higher values were recorded for plant height and maize cob length for hybrid H1 (219.5 cm; 19.65 cm) and hybrid H2 (228.1 cm; 24.45 cm). Based on the obtained results, it is evident that both maize hybrids achieved satisfactory results in both localities
Defining suitability of different barley genotypes for the rice weevil development using olfactometric and “no-choice“ test
No full textBarley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most important small
grain crops in Europe. The stored seed of barley are demaged by storage insect
pests which reduce the amount of seeds. The rice weevil is pest which
infestation seeds and cause qualitative and quantitative losses seeds. In this
research six genotypes of barley are tested in the olfactometric test and in a
‖no-choice‖ test. In olfactometric test in each arm was placed one genotype of
barley and in central part placed 20 individuals of the rice weevil. Number of
individuals was recorded after 1h,2h, 24h. The ―‖no-choice‖ test carried out in
petri dishes in three repeat. In each repeat was places 30g of barley and 20
individuals of the rice weevil, while numbers of individuals was recorded after
1 month, 2 month, 3 month and 4 month. Results indicate in the olfactometric
test that the highnest tolerance was on genotypes NS Alas and NS Lala. In the
‖no-choice‖ test the highnest tolerance was on genotypes NS Izdan. Also the
lowest cosumed food was on genotype NS Izdan with 4,22%.Published as a journal Proceedings Conference of Agronomy Students, vol. 14, iss. 1
Exploring Fungal Biodiversity in Crop Rotation Systems: Impact of Soil Fertility and Winter Wheat Cropping
No full textThis study investigated soil fungal biodiversity in wheat-based crop rotation systems on Chernozem soil within the Pannonian Basin, focusing on the effects of tillage, crop rotation, and soil properties. Over three years, soil samples from ten plots were analyzed, revealing significant fungal diversity with Shannon–Wiener diversity indices ranging from 1.90 in monoculture systems to 2.38 in a fertilized two-year crop rotation. Dominant fungi, including Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium sp., and Aspergillus sp., showed distinct preferences for soil conditions such as pH and organic matter (OM). Conservation tillage significantly enhanced fungal diversity and richness, with the highest diversity observed in a three-year crop rotation system incorporating cover crops, which achieved an average winter wheat yield of 7.0 t ha−1—47% higher than unfertilized monoculture systems. Increased OM and nitrogen levels in these systems correlated with greater fungal abundance and diversity. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed strong relationships between fungal communities and soil properties, particularly pH and calcium carbonate content. These findings highlight the importance of tailored crop rotation and tillage strategies to improve soil health, enhance microbial biodiversity, and boost agricultural sustainability in temperate climates, providing valuable insights for mitigating the impacts of intensive farming and climate change
Advances in Breeding, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology in Ornamental Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
No full textThe commonly cultivated as oil crop, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) also encompasses a number of varieties that are classified as ornamental. Ornamental sunflowers could be grown as cut flowers, in gardens, and as potted plants. Their primary appeal lies in the beauty of their flowers, therefore flower traits, such as the colour, size, and shape of florets, are primary targets in breeding programs. There exists a wide range of ornamental sunflower varieties, characterized from large, vividly coloured flowers, to smaller, more delicate flowers. Furthermore, plant architecture varies, with some varieties featuring single flowers and others exhibiting branching patterns. Ornamental sunflowers are generally easy to grow and require little maintenance, making them a popular choice for producers. They prefer full sun and well-drained soil, and can be grown from seed or from young plants. Breeding objectives of ornamental sunflower depend on the final usage and involves selecting desired traits and crossing plants with those traits to create new varieties. The future of ornamental sunflower breeding will likely involve the use of new breeding and phenotyping techniques identification of parents for hybridization, as well, identification and selection of progenies with desirable traits more quickly and accurately.Part of the book series: Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies (APBS, volume 6
Integrative effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on soil functions, nitrogen use efficiency, and wheat productivity depend on tillage intensities
No full textNitrogen (N) management and tillage practices influenced sustainability of agricultural systems. We conducted field studies to test the response of the combined organic and inorganic N management on soil properties, N use efficiency (NUE), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production under different tillage intensities in a semiarid climatic conditions. The experiment was designed on a split plot arrangement consisting of three tillage intensities: one time ploughing (T1), two times ploughing (T2), and three times ploughing (T3) with the interval of 10 days in the main plots. Seven organic–inorganic N management strategies using urea:farm yard manures were NM1 0:0, NM2 100:0, NM3 80:20, NM4 60:40, NM5 40:60, NM6 20:80, and NM7 0:100 in the subplots. Results revealed that soil organic carbon (SOC) and labile organic carbon contents were significantly higher in the NM6 treatment under the T3 tillage intensity. Higher soil N and potassium (K) were found in NM5 under the T3 tillage intensity, whereas the soil phosphorus (P) was the highest in NM6 plot. The activities of soil invertase and urease enzymes were also significantly higher in the NM6 treatment under T3 tillage intensity. Wheat growth and yield, N-uptake and NUE were the highest in T3 with NM6 management strategy. Our study demonstrated that integrative N management and tillage practices could improve soil and plant productivity by improving SOC, NUE, and yield, and thus discourage the historical soil health deteriorations of the semi-arid cropping systems.Globally, a small portion of soil is available for agriculture, and it is important to protect and improve soil health to meet food security for the growing human population. Tillage with nitrogen management can be an effective way to improve soil fertility and increase crop yields. By understanding the benefits and drawbacks of tillage with nitrogen management, farmers can make informed decisions about how best to manage their soils for optimal fertility and crop yields. This study showed that more wheat productivity and nitrogen content in plant was achieved by three time ploughing. Further, three times ploughing showed higher nitrogen uptake and N use efficiency (NUE) compared with that of twice ploughing. NM6-treated plots increased the carbon stock, N building up of the soil, enhanced soil enzymes activity, and NUE of wheat. However, the wheat-yielding components have been increased by using the combined application of farm yard manure and urea
State of vegetable organic production in the Republic of Serbia
No full textThe areas under organic crop production in Serbia in 2021 amounted to 23,527 ha and were 12.2% higher compared to 2020. The largest areas in 2021 were under organic fruit production - 36%, under cereals - 28%, fodder plants - 19%, while the smallest land was planted and sown with vegetables, medicinal and herbs. Looking at regions, organic production was most represented in Vojvodina, where these areas accounted for 38.36%, followed by the region of Southern and Eastern Serbia with a share of 31.58%. Vegetable organic production in Republic Serbia has been gaining traction in recent years, driven by increasing consumer demanding for organic products and growing awareness of sustainable farming practices. Serbia has established regulations for organic farming that align with EU standards, allowing producers to access both local and international markets. Serbia’s diverse climate and fertile soil provide a good foundation for organic vegetable production. Farmers are increasingly adopting practices such as crop rotation and integrated pest management. Local markets, supermarkets, and export opportunities are expanding for organic products, supported by initiatives aimed at promoting Serbian organic goods. Farmers face challenges such as transitioning from conventional to organic practices, pest management, and market competition. The organic vegetable sector in Serbia shows promise for growth, contributing to both the local economy and environmental sustainability