5782 research outputs found
Sort by
Comprehensive Insight into Cutaneous Application of Hemp
No full textKnown for its natural bio-compounds and therapeutic properties, hemp is being utilized in the development of skin products. These products offer a wide range of applications and benefits in the fields of natural bio-compounds, pharmaceutical technology, topical delivery systems, and cosmeceuticals. This manuscript deals with hemp actives, such as cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, and their diverse biological properties relative to topical application, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects. Also, the paper reviews strategies to overcome poor penetration of hemp actives, as well as the integration of hemp actives in cosmeceuticals that provide natural and sustainable alternatives to traditional skincare products offering a range of benefits, including anti-aging, moisturizing, and soothing properties. The review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the development and manufacturing processes of skin products containing hemp actives. By delving into the science behind hemp-based products, the paper provides valuable insights into the potential of hemp as a versatile ingredient in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The utilization of hemp in these innovative products not only offers therapeutic benefits but also promotes natural and sustainable approaches to skincare
Applicability of Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers for the assessment of genetic diversity in bread wheat germplasm
No full textResearch endeavors focused on examining genetic diversity play a pivotal role in advancing agricultural practices, as they furnish valuable insights for breeding programs and the preservation of germplasm. Wheat holds significant global importance as a cereal crop, serving as a primary source of sustenance for almost one-third of the global human population. In the current study, a total of 80 bread wheat genotypes were characterized using the start codon targeted (SCoT) marker system. A set of 14 polymorphic primers yielded a cumulative count of 399 bands with an average of 28.05 bands per primer. The range of diversity markers, such as polymorphism information content (0.26–0.59), effective numbers of alleles (1.27–1.59), Shannon’s information index (0.30–0.51), and gene diversity (0.18–0.34), provided evidence of elevated genetic differences within the examined germplasm. According to the findings of the molecular variance analysis, greater genetic variations are found within populations (92%). The model-based structural approach partitioned the 80 bread wheat genotypes into two distinct populations (Population A and B). The diversity indices based on the structures of the populations revealed that population A had greater diversity compared to population B. Both the principal coordinate analysis and the neighbor-joining analysis also differentiated the 80 different bread wheat genotypes based on their respective collection points. The present crop diversity offers great opportunities for enhancing crop quality and increasing tolerance to environmental challenges, both of which will lead to a reduction in the problem of food insecurity
Influence of cultivation location on yield and quality of soybean in 2023
No full textRadi postizanja visokih i stabilnih prinosa soje u različitim godinama mora se pristupiti sortnoj agrotehnici i izvršiti pravilnu rejonizaciju sorti soje. Cilj ovoga rada je sagledavanje prinosa, sadržaja proteinai ulja, kao i prinosa proteina i ulja po jedinici površine šest NS sorti soje na šest lokaliteta u 2023. godini. Sorta soje NS Atlas ostvarila je najviši prinos zrna (3.249 kgha-1), sorte NS Maximus i NS Apolo najviši saržaj proteina (39,8%), a sorta NS Atlas najviši sadržaj ulja (23,6%), dok je najviši prinos proteina (1.276 kgha-1) i ulja po jedinici površine (765 kgha-1) ostvaren sa sortom soje NS Atlas.To achieve high and stable soybean yields in different years, varietal agrotechnics must be applied and proper rezoning of soybean varieties must be carried out. The aim of this work is to analyze the yield, protein, and oil content, as well as protein and oil yield per unit area of six NS soybean varieties at six localities in 2023. The NS Atlas soybean variety achieved the highest grain yield (3,249 kgha-1), the NS Maximus and NS Apolo varieties had the highest protein content (39,8%), and the NS Atlas variety had the highest oil content (23.6%), while the highest yield of protein (1,276 kgha-1) and oil per unit area (765 kgha-1) achieved with the NS Atlas soybean variety
Small Doses of Lime with Common Fertilizer Practices Improve Soil Characteristics and Foster the Sustainability of Maize Production
No full textLime application combined with complementary sustainable management practices increases crop yields, but liming is only modestly applied in Serbia. This study investigated the influence of liming (1000 kg/ha) combined with the common application of mineral fertilizers on maize yield and the chemical properties of pseudogley soil. The experiment was conducted near Kraljevo, Western Serbia, on the maize hybrid ZP 606 sown in a two-year monoculture. The experiment had three treatments: fertilizer, fertilizer + lime, and a control treatment. The soil is acid, poor in humus, and contains an increased content of mobile aluminum. There was a significant increase in yield under the fertilizer and lime + fertilizer treatments, compared to the control. The yield of maize in the limed treatment was 4.4–9% higher than in the fertilizer treatment. The positive effects of liming on soil are related to an increase in pH, base saturation, and available phosphorus, and a decrease in available aluminum. In the fertilizer treatment, there was a small decrease in pH and base saturation, whereas the amount of aluminum remained high, indicating that the further application of fertilizers without lime can increase aluminum content and foster its toxicity. The long-term sustainability of maize production in Serbia should include liming as a regular management practice on pseudogley soil, with the utilization of smaller doses of lime because of the potential CO2 effects. To improve soil health, food, and environmental security, and to incorporate new crops, developing a framework promoting liming as a sustainable management practice is of high importance
NS 5127, hibrid kukuruza
No full textRešenje Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede, Uprave za zaštitu bilja, Broj: 320-04-02095/2/2022-11, od 24.04.2024
Exploring high-yield oilseeds: a study of rapeseed and camelina varieties of valuable sources of oil and protein
No full textOilseeds such as camelina and rapeseed are cultivated primarily for their high-quality oil. The oil de-rived from both crops is characterized by a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, phenols, and vitamin E. The camelina and rapeseed oils are applied in various branches of industry including food, pharmaceutical, chemical, and for obtaining biofuels. These oilseeds synthesize a significant amount of protein. These oilseeds play a major role in addressing the growing issue of protein deficit in the diets of people worldwide because of their high protein content. Efforts in breeding are essential to develop genotypes with high yield and protein content, while also maintaining high oil content and ensuring adaptability to climatic changes. During 2022/2023, various genotypes of rapeseed and ca-melina were grown in the experimental fields of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad in order to select varieties with ideal attributes. Among these, genotype NS Svetlana exhibited the highest oil content of 44.85 %, whereas genotype NS Dunav demonstrated the highest protein content of 24%. While camelina generally presented lower oil content compared to rapeseed, Genotype III stood out with a maximum oil content of 37.82%. Camelina also displayed significantly higher protein content than rapeseed. Protein content in camelina reached 26.59% in the case of Genotype I
Inheritance of Resistance to Charcoal Rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina in sunflower
No full textSuncokret predstavlja četvrtu najvažniju uljanu kultura u svetu, koja se gaji na skoro 30 miliona hektara u svetu. Bolesti suncokreta predstavljaju ograničavajući faktor u proizvodnji te se oplemenjivanjem suncokreta na otpornost prema njima pokušavaju održati visoki prinosi u proizvodnji. Jedna od posledica klimatskih promena jesu dugi sušni periodi sa visokim temperaturama koji menjaju pojavu bolesti koje su dominantne u proizvodnji suncokreta. Macrophomina phaseolina postaje jedan od dominantnijih uzročnika bolesti suncokreta koji favorizuje upravo navedene uslove. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se ispitaju postojeći genotipovi u pogledu otpornosti prema M. phaseolina, da se definiše odgovarajući i pouzdan laboratorijski metod za otkrivanje nivoa otpornosti, da se utvrdi način nasleđivanja otpornosti, kao i odgovarajući molekularni markeri i da stvore otporni genotipovi. Ispitano je 80 inbred linija, suncokreta iz kolekcije Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo Novi Sad tokom dvogodišnjeg poljskog ogleda, kao i novoutvrđenog laboratorijskog cut-stem metoda. Način nasleđivanja je utvrđen na osnovu biljaka dve F3 populacije ukrštanjem osetljivog roditelja AB OR 8 i otpornih PB 21, odnosno VL A 8 PR. Na potomstvu istih populacija ispitivan je i set od 89 SSR markera kako bi se utvrdila veza između markera i otpornosti. Utvrđen je visok stepen varijabilnosti ispitivanih inbred linija. Pronađen je laboratorijski cut-stem metod inokulacije koji sa visokim stepenom pouzdanosti može da da informacije o otpornosti genotipova suncokreta prema M. phaseolina. Inbred linije L1, MA SC 2, PB 21 i VL A 8 PR su se pokazale kao najotpornije inbred linije na osnovu poljskih i laboratorijskih ogleda. Otpornost prema ovom patogenu se nasleđuje poligeno, a molekularni marker ORS 1036 je identifikovan kao SSR marker koji pokazuje značajan stepen povezanosti sa otpornošću suncokreta. Rezultati ove disertacije doprineće oplemenjivanju suncokreta kroz smanjenje posledica bolesti M. phaseolina, koja se javlja kao posledica klimatskih promena i novih uslova u proizvodnji.Sunflower is the fourth most important oilseed crop in the world, cultivated on nearly 30 million hectares globally. Diseases in sunflowers represent a limiting factor in production, and breeding for disease resistance aims to maintain high yields. Consequences of the climate change is the long dry periods with high temperatures, which alter the prevalence of diseases that dominate sunflower production. Macrophomina phaseolina is becoming one of the dominant disease- causing agents in sunflowers, favored by the mentioned conditions. The goal of this research is to examine the existing genotypes for resistance to M. phaseolina, to define an appropriate and reliable laboratory method for detecting the level of resistance, to determine the mode of inheritance of resistance, identify suitable molecular markers, and develop resistant genotypes. Eighty inbred lines from the collection of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad were examined during a two-year field trial, along with a newly established laboratory cut-stem method. The mode of inheritance was determined based on plants from two F3 populations by crossing the susceptible parent AB OR 8 with the resistant lines: PB 21, and VL A 8 PR. A set of 89 SSR markers was tested on the offspring of these populations to determine the association between markers and resistance. A high degree of variability was observed among the inbred lines tested. A laboratory cut-stem inoculation method was found that can reliably provide information on the resistance of sunflower genotypes to M. phaseolina. The inbred lines L1, MA SC 2, PB 21, and VL A 8 PR demonstrated the highest resistance based on both field and laboratory trials. Resistance to this pathogen is inherited polygenically, and the molecular marker ORS 1036 was identified as an SSR marker showing a significant association with sunflower resistance. The results of this dissertation will contribute to sunflower breeding by reducing the impact of M. phaseolina disease, which is a consequence of climate change and new production conditions.Doktorska disertacija je odbranjena 23.09.2024. godine na Poljoprivrednom fakultetu Univerziteta u Novom Sadu
Organic soybean breeding: Participatory plant breeding & farmer participatory trials
No full textParticipatory Plant Breeding (PPB) is the plant breeding approach that actively involves farmers in
the process of selection and breeding of different plant species. Farmer participatory trials (FPTs)
are the practical and valuable tool for increasing the introduction of new and improved soybean
varieties and space for screening of plant material. Key principles of PPB are genetic diversity,
local adaptation, and farmer active participation. Application of this method in practice in organic
production has multiple benefits. First, enable to be in line with local environmental conditions and
farmer needs. Second, selecting and breeding soybean varieties with identified traits of interest.
Third, establish field trials directly with organic farmers. Finally, evaluate the material and collect
data prior to making selection decisions. Within FPTs under the framework of PPB, testing of
cross-composite populations (CCPs) and varieties was the first step in the direct involvement of
organic farmers in the Republic of Serbia. CCPs and up to 10 soybean varieties were tested in up
to 5 locations during a two-year period in Serbia (2021 and 2022). Results of grain yield showed
big variations among varieties (1-4.5 t/ha), but they were comparable with varieties already
produced at farm site. Farmers positively reacted to FPT approach, which was useful for selection
of soybean varieties according to the farmers needs
Optimizacija gustine setve - važan činilac u savremenoj proizvodnji kukuruza
No full textKukuruz (Zea mays L.) je jedna od najznačajnijih žitarica u svetu. Gaji se u relativno širokom geografskom arealu i veoma različitim klimatskim i zemljišnim uslovima. U cilju što boljeg iskorišćenja genetičkog potencijala rodnosti gajenih hibrida, važnu ulogu ima iznalaženje racionalnih rešenja u domenu agrotehnike. Današnju proizvodnju kukuruza karakteriše povećanje učešća hibrida iz ranijih FAO grupa zrenja (300 i 400), česta izmena sortimenta i značajno povećanje gustine setve hibrida iz gotovo svih FAO grupa zrenja (Bavec & Bavec 2002; Duvick, 2005). Gustina useva ispoljava veliku varijabilnost i zavisi od većeg broja faktora: dužine vegetacionog perioda hibrida, morfoloških osobina i habitusa biljke, količine i rasporeda padavina u toku vegetacije, rezervi zimske vlage u zemljištu, nivoa plodnosti zemljišta, vremena setve, smera proizvodnje (zelena biomasa ili zrno) i dr. (Williams & Hallauer, 2000; Assefa et al., 2015). Iz navedenih razloga optimalna gustina nije stalna vrednost, već manje ili više varira iz godine u godinu. Otuda određene razlike između potencijalnih i ostvarenih prinosa treba tražiti i u poznavanju genotipske specifičnosti hibrida i njihove reakcije na gustinu setve. Hibridi kukuruza novijih ciklusa selekcije bolje ekonomišu vodom, racionalnije i efikasnije koriste mineralna hraniva i podnose gušću setvu u odnosu na ranije stvorene hibride. Hibridi sa različitom arhitekturom lista i izmenjenim habitusom mogu različito reagovati na gustinu useva, što je posledica variranja u broju listova, visini biljaka, površini listova po biljci i vertikalnog ugla listova u odnosu na stablo. Noviji hibridi povoljno reaguju na veću gustinu useva, jer imaju veći indeks lisne površine (LAI) u fazi svilanja i sposobnost prihvatanja veće fotosintetski aktivne svetlosti, odnosno veće efikasnosti iskorišćavanja svetlosti (Luetchens & Lorena, 2018). Savremena i održiva proizvodnja kukuruza treba da ide u pravcu povećanja gustine setve, pri čemu će važnu ulogu u određivanju potencijala gajenih hibrida imati broj klipova po biljci, broj zrna po klipu i masa 1000 zrna. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se prouči efekat različite gustine setve na prinos zrna kod hibrida kukuruza različitih ciklusa selekcije u semiaridnim uslovima Južnopanonskog basena
Integrated use of Consortia-based Microbial Inoculants and Nutrient Complex Stimulates the Rhizosphere Microbiome and Soybean Productivity
Get PDFBackground: The effectiveness of soybean inoculants in field conditions may be improved through the joint application of rhizobia and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Plant nutrients may also contribute to the higher efficacy of microbial inoculants as well as the growth and development of plants. Methods: A field experiment was performed to evaluate the responses of the rhizomicrobiome and soybean to seed treatments with multiple bacterial strains (Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Azotobacter chroococcum), applied individually or in consortia, with and without nutrient complex (S, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, B and Mo)