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Well water as weapon to drought stress
No full textIn modern agricultural science, it is necessary to constantly study the complex environmental influences and the responses of plants to them. Responding to the challenges of global climate
change, primarily in terms of temperature conditions and drought the adaptation of plants speaks of their adaptive value. Although intensive agricultural production implies the use of modern irrigation systems that help fight against drought, well water is used to a significant extent for these needs. For this reason, the continuous control of the quality of these waters is of crucial importance for cultivated plants. The research conducted in 2022 included the analysis of 43 samples of well water collected on the territory of AP Vojvodina. Detailed analysis included testing of most important properties. Based on the obtained values, well waters are classified into three groups, according to the US Salinity Laboratory classification. The first group consisted of the best quality waters (C1-S1) and that was 2.3% of the tested samples. The largest number of samples, 51.2%, was in the second qualitative group (C2-S1), while 46.3% of the samples were classified in the C3-S1 group. Common to all samples was that they contain low concentrations of sodium ions, so they did not pose a danger that their use wilould lead to an increase in the concentration of this element in the soil. Therefore, the well waters of Vojvodina are of satisfactory quality, but constant monitoring is required. Producers for whom well water is the only way to water their crops need to suggest which plant species to grow, in accordance with the quality of the water they use, primarily depending on the salt content
Proizvodnja suncokreta i primena eko-marketinga
No full textThe study analyzes production of sunflower primarily because of its great importance as an important oil production raw material. Sunflower production analysis in Serbia and in the world based on five-year studies results. The following parameters were examined: area, grain yield and total production. The study's findings demonstrated a clear upward trend in sunflower acreage in Serbia and globally. The World and the Republic of Serbia planted sunflower on an average of 27.42 mill. ha (219,868 ha) throughout the test period. The average yield of grain was 1.88 t ha’ / 2.97 t ha", and the production was 50,850,021 t / 652,238 t. The exceptional soil and agro-ecological conditions in Serbia, along with the indigenous high yielding genotypes-of which the assortment of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops from Novi Sad dominates-make it an ideal place to produce sunflowers. Sustainable development means stable economy, environmentally sustainable sectors and reduce of unemployment using social resources in the labor market.Studija analizira proizvodnju suncokreta, prvenstveno zbog njegovog velikog značaja kao važne sirovine za proizvodnju ulja. Analizirana je proizvodnja suncokreta u Srbiji i svetu na osnovu rezultata petogodišnjih studija. Ispitivani su parametri: površina, prinos zrna i ukupna proizvodnja. Nalazi studije pokazali su trend evidentnog rasta površina pod suncokretom kako u Srbiji tako i u svetu. Prosečna površina pod suncokretom u svetu i Republici Srbiji u ispitivanom periodu iznosila je 27,42 mil. ha /219.868 ha, prosečan prinos je bio 1,88 t ha’ / 2,97 t ha’ i proizvodnja 50.850.021 t / 652.238 t. Srbija ima odlične uslove za proizvodnju suncokreta, zahvaljujući izvanrednim zemljišnim i agroekološkim uslovima i domaćim visokoprinosnim genotipovina među kojima dominira asortiman Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo. Održivi razvoj podrazumeva stabilnu ekonomiju, ekološki održive sektore i smanjenje nezaposlenosti korišćenjem društvenih resursa na tržištu rada
The role of regenerative agriculture in sustainable development
No full textRegenerative agriculture encompasses a range of sustainable development practices focused on soil health, biodiversity, carbon sequestration and a holistic approach. The topicality of regenerative agriculture can be seen at the level of the academic community, farmers and politics. Looking into literature, it can be concluded that the term has not been fully defined albeit the basic principles being well understood; yet concrete practices may differ, with the possibility to adapt or to flex in different contexts. Continuous research aims at determining the effects of regenerative agriculture in crop farming and fruit growing, as well as in integrated systems of crop production and animal husbandry. The importance of regenerative agriculture has been increasing with the need for sustainable systems resistant to climate change and economic pressures that improve productivity and the welfare of livestock and preserve ecosystems. The aim of this study is to point out the multiple importance of regenerative agriculture, the need to define the term precisely, to show certain practices in plant production and an integrated system with livestock production, and to point out the role of education on the advantages of these practices
Chemical Characterization of 29 Industrial Hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.) Varieties
No full textHemp is considered one of the potential novel crops for human and animal nutrition. This study aimed to determine the complete chemical composition of 29 different varieties of whole hempseeds. Fatty acid composition, amino acid profile, mineral composition, and cannabinoids content were also evaluated. All hempseed varieties were milled to obtain whole hempseed flour. Differences between hempseed varieties were significant (p < 0.05) for all measured parameters. Proximate composition results showed that crude protein and fat contents varied from 21.6–28.9% and 21.1–35.7%, respectively. Fatty acid profiles revealed that the three major fatty acids were linoleic acid (52.79–57.13%) followed by α-linolenic acid (12.62–20.24%), and oleic acid (11.08–17.81%). All essential amino acids were detected in all varieties, with arginine (12.66–17.56 mg/100 g protein) present in abundance, whereas lysine was limiting. Substantial differences were found in the mineral content, and potassium (509.96–1182.65 mg/100 g) and iron (5.06–32.37 mg/100 mg) were the main macroand microminerals found. All cannabinoids were found in small traces and tetrahydrocannabidiol (THC) was only detected in five varieties. To conclude, the nutritional composition of hempseeds with hull makes them suitable to be added into the diets of humans or animals as a highly beneficial novel ingredient
Strna žita u sezoni 2022/23: izazovi i pouke
No full textProizvodnja strnih žita u sezoni 2022/23. bila je obeležena značajnom klimatskom varijabilnošću i pojavom intenzivnih bolesti, posebno žute rđe. Ovi uslovi žnačajno su uticali na prinos i kvalitet zrna. Tokom sezone, bilo je izuzetno toplih jesenjih i zimskih perioda, umerenih temperatura u prolećnom delu vegetacije i obilnih padavina u fazama formiranja, nalivanja i sazrevanja zrna. Izazovi su se javili i u veži sa visokim troškovima ulaganja u proizvodnji, što je dovelo do smanjene upotrebe mineralnih đubriva. Udeo nedeklarisanog semena, sa nepoznatom upotrebnom vrednošću, dostigao je oko 60%, što je rezultat dugogodišnjih neodgovarajućih odnosa između primarnih proižvođača, otkupljivača pšenice i države
Spent Coffee Grounds, Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria, and Medicinal Plant Waste: The Biofertilizing Effect of High-Value Compost
No full textComposting of mixed medicinal plant waste was performed with the addition of mixture of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB), including Streptomyces sp., Paenybacillus sp., Bacillus sp., and Hymenobacter sp., and portions of spent coffee grounds (SCG). To assess the maturity and quality parameters of the compost, chemical and biological parameters (C/N ratio, loss of organic matter, CO2 production, dehydrogenase activity (DHA), and phytotoxicity) were evaluated during the three months of the composting process. The results revealed that the control sample (without the addition of SCG and PGPB) had evidently lower values of DHA during the entire monitoring period in comparison to other samples, indicating lower microbial activity in the compost mixture. Also, according to the released CO2, the composting process was accelerated in all samples where the SCG and PGPB were added, enabling a reduction in time needed for mixed plant waste to decompose. The germination index (GI) of the tested seeds indicated that the produced compost was acceptable and safe, with regard to all of the evaluated samples. However, at the end of the process the samples contained SCG and PGPB, which caused an increase of more than 50% of the GI in comparison to the control sample, expressing a high phyto-stimulant effect and improving the biofertilization impact
Field trial evaluation to RTD susceptibility/tolerance to RTD in Serbia: Is there a tolerance to RTD in current varieties?
Get PDFSugar beet is the second most important source for the sugar industry, particularly important in temperate climate zones of Central, West, and East Europe. However, its production has declined recently due to various factors of which the most important are subsidy cuts and the spread of various plant diseases. In the Pannonian Plain (Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Serbia), a disease called rubbery taproot disease (RTD) has been observed for along time. The variability in RTD symptoms and the extent of damage it causes have made its detection quite challenging, often leading to misdiagnoses as other diseases. However, the identification of Candidatus Phytoplasma solani as the cause of RTD has resolved the issue of its diagnosis. The latest outbreak in Serbia has had a significant economic impact on sugar beet production, prompting an urgent response to aid the industry and growers. In our study, conducted during the 2022 and 2023 seasons, we assessed the susceptibility/tolerance of thirty registered sugar beet hybrids in Serbia, evaluating their impact on root yield and quality in naturally infected experimental fields
Sustainable Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources: A Case Study from Serbia
No full textDiversity is one of the principal components in species adaptation to ever-changing environment. In comparison to natural ecosystems, agriculture imposes additional challenges by constantly increasing the desired yield objectives for cultivated crops. The conservation of biological diversity is thus of essence to secure materials needed in plant breeding to produce crop varieties that are high yielding and adapted to emerging biotic and abiotic stresses. For traits not present in elite material, breeding programs can be designed to include crop wild relatives (CWR), local populations, or old varieties based on their availability for specific crop. This chapter presents case studies of sustainable PGR use in three breeding programs focusing on sunflower CWR, local populations of medicinal plants, and old varieties of small grains. As a genus rich in species that can be crossed with cultivated sunflower, Helianthus has become a model for studies of evolution, but also a popular source of traits for breeding. Disease tolerance traits introduced from the wild species allowed sunflower to still be an economically important crop, while raising interest for wild relatives. Medicinal plants have a long history in Serbian traditional medicine. They have also been investigated on scientific base, so that genetic resources were collected and evaluated for use. The results increased interest for their cultivation, as efforts were made to determine optimal agricultural practices and develop cultivars by breeding. The first Serbian collection of small grain varieties was established to advance existing agricultural production where crops and livestock were integrated in farming systems. With more than a century of organized work on collection, evaluation, and utilization of small grain resources, it is a good example of their sustainable use. The presented collections are a demonstration of returned investment in germplasm conservation and research. As much as the work on PGR may seem long term and with non-tangible return, the benefits are numerous. Increasing availability and knowledge on the germplasm will surely add to the sustainability of both breeding programs and plant genetic resources.Part of the series Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, vol. 3
A comprehensive review on Lagenaria siceraria: botanical, medicinal, and agricultural frontiers
No full textLagenaria siceraria, commonly known as bottle gourd, stands as a versatile member within the Cucurbitaceae family, offering global economic significance and rich cultural history. This comprehensive review explores diverse dimensions of L. siceraria, spanning its botanical characteristics, historical cultivation, and manifold uses across ornamental, culinary, medicinal, and agricultural domains. The historical cultivation segment traces the origins and distribution of L. siceraria, underlining its early domestication and global dispersion. The ornamental section uncovers artistic and cultural dimensions, while the culinary exploration spans traditional recipes in tropical regions to the resurgence of bottle gourd in contemporary European cuisine. The agricultural application as a rootstock is traced from ancient practices to its modern resurgence, contributing to improved tolerance and yield. The cultivation section offers insights into optimal growth conditions, planting practices, and various factors influencing productivity. In addition, the manuscript delves into the genetic diversity of L. siceraria, and the phytochemical composition at various ripening stages is undertaken, emphasizing the impact on fruit characteristics. Furthermore, this work reviews the isolation methods for extracting key compounds from L. siceraria, evaluating the efficiency of different solvents and procedures. The pharmacological activities of the isolated compounds take center stage, with a specific focus on antimicrobial and antidiabetic properties. The review extends its exploration to potential clinical effectiveness and elucidates possible side effects associated with the consumption of bottle gourd juice, providing essential guidelines for safe utilization. In conclusion, this comprehensive review integrates the botanical, agricultural, and medicinal aspects of L. siceraria, offering a thorough understanding of its significance and potential applications across various domains
Specific detection of Waitea circinata var. zeae using conventional and real-time PCR
No full textWaitea circinata var. zeae, a pathogen with a relatively narrow host range, has recently been detected in cabbage and oilseed rape in Europe and worldwide. In this study, we developed specific conventional and real-time PCR protocols for direct detection of W. circinata var. zeae from mycelium and diseased plant tissue. The newly developed primer pair zeaefor1/zeaerew1, used in PCR protocols, specifically amplified only target isolates of W. circinata var. zeae when tested against isolates of 11 different binucleate and multinucleate anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia spp. including AG-A, AG-G, AG-F, AG-U, AG-2-1, AG-2-2, AG-3, AG-4 HGI, AG-4 HGII, AG-4 HGIII, and AG-6 and common soil-borne pathogens. Total of nine previously published primer pairs designed for the detection of various Rhizoctonia spp. were also tested and did not amplify target isolates of W. circinata var. zeae. The detection limit of conventional and real-time PCR protocols was 10–2 and 10–5 (with starting concentration 9.5 ng/µl), respectively, and both methods are the first available tools for direct detection and identification of W. circinata var. zeae from mycelium and diseased oilseed rape seedlings. Both conventional and SYBR-Green-based real-time PCR protocols are cost-effective and provide a solid basis for further investigations of W. circinata var. zeae, particularly in relation to distribution, host range, and epidemiology