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Tamiš, sorta graška
No full textTamiš je sorta graška priznata rešenjem Ministrastva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije broj: 320-04-2209/2/2023-11 od 17.07.2025
Book of Abstracts, 4th International and 16th National Congress of the Serbian Society of Soil Science "The Soil Re-Union: Science for Healthy Soils", 20-23 October 2025, Fruške terme, Vrdnik, Serbia
No full textThe abstracts from this Congress are from the following topics: Soil Genesis, Classification and Heritage; Soil Physics, Mineralogy and Chemistry (Analytics and Fundamental Research); Soil Biology and Ecology (Soil Biodiversity, Soil Ecosystem Services); Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition (Organic Matter, Nutrients Cycle, Plant Nutrient Status); Soil Water Management (Drainage, Irrigation and Water Quality); Application of Information Technologies and Artificial Intelligence in Soil Science; Soil and Climate Action (Carbon Sequestration, Regenerative Agriculture, Forest Soils, OIE); Soil Contamination, Urban Soils, Soil Recultivation and Remediation; Soil Science in Education, Social Sciences and Media; Development and Implementation of Soil Policies and Strategies (at National, Regional, and International Levels); Marginal Soils, Rural Development
Grain yield after monoculture and intercropping of maize
No full textClimatic change has created challenges for the agricultural sector, adding to pressures on global agricultural and food systems. The increase in the frequency and duration of droughts requires a strong adaptation of agricultural crops, as well as suitable technologies for their cultivation. Considerable attention can be given to cropaing strategies such as intercropping systems. Intercropping is an important cropping system that has benefits in improving crop yields during climate change. The present work aimed at to study the yield of grain after monoculture and intercropping of maize. Field experiment was carried out at the Maize Research Institute - Knezha, Bulgaria. Maize hybrid Knezha 561 (Bulgarian selection) was grown as in monoculture. The standard technology of cultivation was applied under dry farming conditions. The mixture of pea:oat in 70:30 ratio was used for the intercropping. Grain yield of maize (14% moisture) was recorded. Results showed that mineral nitrogen fertilization effected on the grain yield of maize, with higher values being recorded at a dose of 12 kg/da for both nitrogen fertilizers. Higher grain yield was obtained with intercropping of maize as compared to the monoculture. Relatively lower variation was found when using ammonium nitrate compared to urea
Bacillus subtilis species complex - synergistic effect in biological control and promotion of plant growth
No full textAgricultural production is increasingly challenged by human population
growth, climate change, and rising demand for food, making it more difficult to protect
crops from plant pathogenic microorganisms. It is estimated that plant diseases
caused by plant pathogenic microorganisms cause annual losses of 10–15%, with plant
pathogenic fungi responsible for up to 80% of these losses. In order to achieve high
yields and ensure food quality, various disease control strategies are used, including
chemical, agrotechnical, and physical methods. Chemical control is still the most used
method. However, its overuse has led to environmental pollution, deterioration of soil
health and the development of pathogen resistance to fungicides. Given these drawbacks,
there is an urgent need for biological control measures that both suppress pathogens
and enhance crop productivity. Bacteria from the Bacillus subtilis species complex, B.
subtilis, B. pumilus, B. amyloliquefaciens, and B. velezensis are among the most used soil
microorganisms in biological control. This group of bacteria shows a strong antagonistic
activity against plant pathogens and at the same time promotes plant growth and
yield. These effects are achieved through synergistic mechanisms that include biocontrol,
biostimulation and biofertilization. The most important mechanisms of biocontrol include
competition for space and nutrients, the production of antibiotics, hydrolytic enzymes
and volatile organic compounds, as well as the induction of systemic resistance. Growthpromoting effects are mainly mediated by the production of phytohormone, biological
nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization. Bacillus isolates with these capabilities
form the basis for the implementation of biological control strategies in conventional,
integrated and organic farming systems
Efficient photocatalytic degradation of nadolol using silver-modified PMMA/TiO₂
No full textThe commonly used β-blocker nadolol is regularly detected in wastewater and purified wastewater, representing a serious environmental problem. Photocatalysis has emerged as an innovative strategy to address such pollutants, with TiO2 being a widely studied photocatalyst due to its potential in water treatment. However, its practical application is hindered by the high recombination rate of photo-generated electron–hole pairs. Therefore, the modification of TiO2 to increase photocatalytic performance is one of the most important objectives in photocatalyst studies. For the modification of catalysts, various polymers can be used, such as polyvinylidene fluoride, hydroquinone superlattice, polypropylene, and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Among these, PMMA stands out as a low-cost, non-toxic, water-insoluble polymer. In this study, powder PMMA was modified with silver, combined with TiO2 nanopowder, and applied for the degradation of nadolol under UV-LED radiation. The degradation kinetics were monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography, and pH changes were observed using a pH meter
Farmers attitude towards adoption and on farm selection of wheat genetic resources for lowinput climate resilient agriculture – lessons learnt in Serbia
No full textThe need to address global agricultural problems related to climate change, extreme weather events, soil degradation and contamination, water pollution, and loss of agrobiodiversity has been advocated by numerous researchers, activists, and national, international, community based, and non-governmental organizations focused on food and agriculture. Some proposed actions aimed at contributing to solutions, such as raising awareness of pressing challenges, emphasizing knowledge transfer, and highlighting the benefits of adopting new technologies, are particularly focused on farmers. Despite good intentions, the implementation approach targeting farmers may include some misconceptions. Firstly, preconceived assumptions and top-down impositions may ignore the fact that farmers are among the most aware of these challenges, as their very existence is directly threatened. The higher their stakes, the greater their interest in solving the causes of the problems. Thus, raising awareness of climate change effects on agriculture among farmers is unnecessary, even condescending and potentially counterproductive. Secondly, in our experience, farmers’ interest in acquiring the skills and know-how required to adapt to changing circumstances is evident. This is reflected in their regular and large attendance at various knowledge transfer events, such as winter schools, seminars, training sessions, lectures, fairs, field days, and demonstration fields. However, farmers’ receptiveness requires clear, focused, evidence-based, and straightforwardly communicated solutions that address their needs, which are often lacking in practice. It is not uncommon for academic jargon to raise doubts and suspicion among pragmatic farmers, whose extensive experience and rich traditional knowledge demand concrete facts and arguments
Development of high-throughput phenotyping models for the estimation of quantitative traits in soybean breeding collections
No full textU okviru oplemenjivačkog procesa koji za krajnji rezultat ima stvaranje nove sorte, prikupljanje podataka o fenotipskim karakteristikama biljnog materijala predstavlja esencijalan ali i prilično naporan posao. S obzirom da oplemenjivači soje svake godine rade na materijalu koji se sastoji od stotina i hiljada genotipova roditelja i hibridnog potomstva od F1 do F6-7 generacije, a da je raspoložive radne snage sve manje, postaje neophodno uvoditi savremene alate i tehnike za efikasniju i precizniju determinaciju kvantitativnih osobina. Imajući u vidu potencijal daljinske detekcije i fotogrametrijske obrade snimaka u oplemenjivanju biljaka, cilj ove doktorske disertacije bio je razvoj modela za visokopropusnu fenotipizaciju kvantitativnih osobina soje. Istraživanje je realizovano u četvorogodišnjim poljskim ogledima, u dve faze, pri čemu je u prvoj kreiran model za predikciju broja biljaka/m2 dok su modeli za procenu pokrovnosti, visine, biomase i prinosa soje razvijeni tokom druge faze istraživanja na divergentnoj germplazmi koja je gajena na dva tipa zemljišta, karbonantnom černozemu i peskovitom lesu (simulacija suše). Kalibrisanje modela je obavljeno na osnovu podataka izdvojenih sa digitalnih fotografija (RGB, multispektral) biljnog materijala i stvarno izmerenih vrednosti osobina za koje se modeli prave. Pored toga, analizirana je veza između podataka visokopropusne fenotipizacije i morfoloških i produktivnih svojstava soje, te mogućnost korišćenja rezultata predikcionih modela za selekciju superiornih genotipova. Kreirani modeli su pokazali visok nivo preciznosti što je potvrđeno R2 vrednostima koje su se u zavisnosti od osobine kretale od 0,76 do 0,94. Podaci dobijeni pomoću visokopropusne fenotipizacije pokazali su određen stepen povezanosti sa pojedinim morfološkim i proizvodnim karakteristikama soje (r = ±0,5) što je od posebnog značaja za ranu karakterizaciju oplemenjivačkog materijala. Konačno, rezultati predikcionih modela u kombinaciji sa podacima koji su dobijeni klasičnom fenotipizacijom, omogućili su odabir najboljih genotipova u različitim uslovima gajenja koji kao takvi mogu biti iskorišćeni u budućim oplemenjivačkim programima.In the plant breeding process, which results in the development of new varieties, phenotyping represents an essential yet demanding task. Each year, soybean breeders work with material that consists of hundreds or even thousands of genotypes from F1 to F6-7 generations. This fact, alongside the current decrease in available manpower, demands the implementation of modern tools and techniques that will enable a more efficient and precise determination of quantitative traits. Knowing the potential of remote sensing and image photogrammetry in plant breeding, this doctoral dissertation aimed to develop models for high-throughput phenotyping of quantitative soybean traits. The research was carried out in four-year field trials in two phases. The model for the prediction of soybean plant density (plants/m2) was created in the first phase, while models for canopy coverage, height, biomass and yield were developed during the second phase of the study on divergent germplasm grown on two soil types, carbonate chernozem, and sandy loess (drought simulation). The models were calibrated based on the data extracted from digital images (RGB, multispectral) of soybean plots and actual values of the traits for which the models were created. In addition, the relationship between high-throughput phenotyping data and morphological and agronomic soybean characteristics was analyzed. Also, the results obtained with the prediction models were used to select superior genotypes. The created models showed a high level of precision, which was confirmed by R2 values that ranged from 0,76 to 0,94, depending on the trait. The high-throughput phenotyping data was correlated with some morphological and productive soybean traits (r = ±0,5), which is very important for the early characterization of breeding material. Based on the data obtained with the prediction models and traditional phenotyping, the genotypes with the best performance in different growing conditions were highlighted as a great source of superior traits for future breeding programs.Doktorska disertacija je odbranjena 28. maja 2025. godine na Poljoprivrednom fakultetu Univerziteta u Beogradu
Antioxidants in Cereal Grains
No full textAntioxidants are molecules that can prevent the oxidation of other molecules. They prevent chain reactions that damage other molecules in cells. Antioxidants oxidize themselves - they give one or more electrons to a free radical, which leads to stabilization and prevention of potential oxidative stress, which is the main cause of cellular damage. With this effect, antioxidants affect the health of the body: they slow down aging, lower cholesterol, protect the heart and blood vessels, prevent the formation of tumors, protect the skin from UV radiation, reduce the risk of arteriosclerosis and stroke. They help detoxification, prevent damage of eye structures and the process of macular degeneration, protect the lungs from asthma and bronchitis, exhibit antibacterial and antiviral effects. In this regard, the aim of this work was to present, through a review of the literature, the most important antioxidants in cereal grains and their importance in human nutrition. Fibre and micronutrients in the outer layer and germ fractions of the grain acting together to combat oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperglycemia and carcinogenesis. High antioxidant activity in whole-grain cereals possess chemical ingredients: vitamin E, folates, phenolic acids, carotenoids, phytic acid, lignins, lignans, alkylresorcinols, zinc, iron, selenium, copper and manganese. They are also a good source of betaine, choline and sulphur amino acids. During digestion, the antioxidant capacity of cereals is increased. Reports of numerous epidemiological studies indicate that the consumption of grains protects the human body from numerous diseases associated with aging, especially from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, etc
Potential for enhancing forage sorghum yield and yield components in a changing Pannonian climate
No full textClimatic variability, particularly fluctuating precipitation and rising temperatures, poses a significant threat to crop productivity and stability. Forage sorghum hybrids are a promising alternative for fodder and bioenergy due to their high level of drought tolerance. This study evaluated genotypic variation and environmental adaptability of 60 forage sorghum genotypes: 13 parental lines, their 40 crosses and seven commercial hybrids, to identify high-yielding, stable hybrids for biomass production under changing agroecological conditions. Field trials conducted over two contrasting years revealed significant genotype-by-environment interactions (p < 0.05), highlighting the need for multi-year evaluations. While favorable rainfall in 2020 enhanced vegetative traits (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area), biomass yield variability increased, emphasizing that favorable vegetative development does not necessarily correlate with yield stability. Principal component analysis indicated that plant height, stem diameter and leaf-related traits contributed most to genotypic differentiation. However, no single trait emerged as a reliable predictor of yield, suggesting complex trait interaction. These findings underscore the importance of integrative breeding strategies that combine phenotypic trait assessment with environmental adaptability to ensure sustainable biomass production. Sorghum’s drought tolerance and resilience make it a promising crop for future food and feed security in regions prone to climatic stress
Hyperspectral reflectance, a potential alternative in high-throughput common bean seed quality phenotyping?
No full textSo far, suboptimal breeding initiatives have been allocated for legume species, hampering the sustainability of legume-based farming systems (Rubiales et al. 2021), and their added value remains largely underexploited.
International cooperation among legume breeding actors, is a way to leveraging on genetic progress. One of the aims of the partnership established under the BELIS European project is to develop tools and methodologies for cost-effective breeding programmes in important legume traits, prioritized by breeders and other value chain relevant actors, such as consumers.
Consumers are presently more concerned with the nutritional value and taste of foods. Nevertheless, breeding for nutritional and organoleptic quality may be cumbersome and expensive.
Hyperspectral techniques are currently used to retrieve information concerning plant biophysical traits, predominantly targeting pigments, water, and nitrogen-protein contents, structural elements, and the leaf area index (Vergara-Diaz et al. 2020). Although not traditionally used in seed quality screening as near-infrared spectra, hyperspectral data could be also exploited to overcome nutritional and organoleptic quality breeding challenges by advancing high-throughput seed quality phenotyping.
In a collaborative effort under the BELIS project, Portuguese, Italian and Serbian colleagues have gathered a common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm collection, representative of the respective national breeding diversity, for a ring test focusing on the development of joint spectroscopic based predictive models for quality related traits.
In an innovative approach, the full-range reflectance spectra (visible (VIS)-near-infrared (NIR)-short wave infrared (SWIR)) of common bean seeds, was recorded in this collection of 99 accessions using an ASD FieldSpec 4 high-resolution spectroradiometer. A Principal Component Analysis was performed, using the full range reflectance spectra, to summarize multivariate similarities among common bean accessions, and identify the most discriminant wave bands. To visualize the potential relations between the common bean spectral variation and common bean geographical origin, seed size or coat colour, the previously obtained PCA biplots were coded accordingly.
The two first principal components explained a total of 93.9% of the spectral variability, with PC1 mostly contributed by SWIR wavebands, and PC2 largely determined by VIS wavebands centred at 525 nm. Extensive overlap of common bean accession from different origins was observed, with Portuguese accessions showing an intermediate spectral pattern, between Serbian and Italian. Nevertheless, a group of common bean accessions from all the different geographic origins clustered together apart from the rest of the accessions. Interestingly, within each geographical origin, accessions tend to group into three non-overlapping clusters that might be related to particular seed traits.
This work has highlighted the usefulness of this screening technique to get an initial overview of the separation among common bean breeding germplasm with respect to spectral performance and, more importantly, to provide evidence of the spectral variability within common bean diversity, opening the way for future nutritional and organoleptic quality non-destructive predictions