5782 research outputs found
Sort by
Roadmaps to joint project application and for becoming a part of EPPN
No full textRoadmaps to joint project application and for becoming a part of the European and International Plant Phenotyping Network (EPPN/IPPN) is a deliverable of the CROPINNO project, funded as a HORIZON Coordination and Support Action by the European Commission under its Horizon Europe (HE) Programme. It is produced in the scope of Task 3.4 within Work Package 3: Stepping up excellence and innovation capacity. This document describes a plan for to prepare joint proposals for applications for research funding, based on ideas that will appear during the course of CROPINNO. This Deliverable was drafted by IFVCNS, which is the leader of T3.4, with input from all partners
Yield and quality of winter wheat depending on climatic conditions and genotype
No full textRazumevanje uticaja različitih faktora na proizvodnju pšenice od suštinske je važnosti za preduzimanje mera koje omogućavaju optimizaciju uslova gajenja. Posebno je značajno sagledati složene interakcije između klimatskih uslova i genotipa, jer one predstavljaju osnovu za uspostavljanje održivih i visoko produktivnih sistema proizvodnje. Istraživanje je izvedeno u okolini Leskovca, tokom dve vegetacione sezone. Ogled je sproveden na aluvijalnom zemljištu povoljnog vodnovazdušnog režima i fizičkih osobina, slabo kisele pH vrednosti (pH KCl = 5,6). Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispitaju proizvodne sposobnosti pet različitih sorti ozime pšenice (Sosthene, Sobred, Apilko, Nikol i Farineli), s posebnim akcentom na prinos zrna, masu 1000 zrna i hektolitarsku masu kao tri ključna parametra kvaliteta.Understanding the influence of various factors on wheat production is of essential importance for undertaking measures that enable the optimization of growing conditions. Particularly important is the consideration of complex interactions between climatic conditions and genotype, as they represent the basis for establishing sustainable and highly productive production systems. The research was conducted in the vicinity of Leskovac during two growing seasons. The experiment was carried out on alluvial soil with favorable water-air regime and physical properties, with slightly acidic reaction (pH KCl = 5.6). The aim of the study was to examine the productive potential of five different winter wheat varieties (Sosthene, Sobred, Apilko, Nikol, and Farineli), with special emphasis on grain yield, 1000-kernel weight, and test weight as three key quality parameters
A transposon-based cargo system mediates gene trafficking and creates ultra-clean transgenic plants after stable transformation
No full textGenetically modified crops have profound impacts on cost savings and environmental friendliness conferred by new traits, such as resistance to insects and herbicides. Selectable marker genes are essential for screening transformed cells, but they are undesirable in the final product due to the risks of horizontal gene transfer and extensive safety assessment requirements. Generating marker- and backbone-free lines can enhance the public acceptance of transgenic crops. Here, we established a transposon-mediated ultra-clean selectable transformant (TRUST) system for generating marker- and backbone-free transformants in a visibly controllable manner, facilitated by the integration of transposon elements, fluorescence proteins, and the anthocyanin biosynthesis gene. This system creates ultra-clean transgenic events that retain only the expression cassette of the gene of interest with an average probability of 15.5%. Additionally, long-read whole-genome sequencing confirmed the integrity of the expression cassette boundaries. The TRUST system is not only a powerful method for producing backbone-free transgenic plants but also increases the number of transgenic events originating from one starting event, thereby potentially leading to advances in the genetic engineering of recalcitrant crop varieties
Antimicrobial and insecticidal activity of spray dried juniper berry (Juniperus communis L.) essential oil microcapsules prepared by using gum arabic and maltodextrin
No full textThis study was carried out to optimize spray drying conditions for juniper berry essential oil (JBEO) microencapsulation. The coating material for encapsulation was a combination of maltodextrin (MD) and gum arabic (GA). The wall material content, inlet air temperature and feed flow rate were optimized to obtain small particle size and high level of powder production, with high JBEO loading and encapsulation efficiency, small powder moisture and hygroscopicity. The optimal formulation was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and used for investigation of antimicrobial and insecticidal activities. The obtained optimal conditions for JBEO microencapsulation were inlet air temperature of 140 °C, feed flow rate of 2.43 cm3 min−1 and wall/core ratio of 3:1. The considerably greater JBEO oil retention was obtained by using spray dried GA compared to GA in a form of the branched polysaccharide. Microencapsulated JBEO showed antibacterial and antifungal activities at oil concentrations 1–5 %. Strong repellency against S. oryzae and A. obtectus were achieved at concentration of JBEO of 2 %, while for mortality of 65.5 % (S. oryzae) and 85.5 % (A. obtectus) after 72 h, the 5 % of JBEO were required. JBEO microencapsulation could be a promising method for the production of biopesticides to reduce the use of chemical preparations
Bakterije azotnog ciklusa u tipičnim zemljištima Vojvodine (Srbija) i njihov odnos sa hemijskim osobinama zemljišta
No full textSoil quality monitoring is essential in agricultural regions such as the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The abundance of bacterial functional groups involved in the nitrogen cycle presents a good indicator of nitrogen forms in soil and soil fertility. This study aimed to assess the abundances of selected bacterial functional groups across three different soil types in Vojvodina and to examine their correlation with soil chemical properties. Analyzed soil types (chernozem, solonchak, vertisol) were sampled at nine locations, with two agricultural and one control plot at each location. The abundances of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ammonifiers, nitrifiers, denitrifiers, and total heterotrophic bacteria were determined. Results showed differences in the abundances of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ammonifiers, and nitrifiers across different soil types. Chernozem had the highest abundance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and ammonifiers. Denitrifiers were most abundant in solonchak, while vertisol had the highest abundance of nitrifiers and total heterotrophic bacteria. A statistically significant moderate correlation was observed between the abundance of bacteria and certain soil chemical properties. Namely, moderate negative correlation between nitrifiers and pH in KCl (r=-0.57), pH in H2O (r=-0.53), and CaCO3 content (r=-0.4) and moderate positive correlation between denitrifiers and P2O5 content (r=0.4) were determined. Moderate correlation of bacterial counts and soil properties could indicate that bacterial count variability is also linked to other factors, such as soil vegetation cover type, soil use, anthropogenic activities and climate change. Thus, bacterial functional groups could be useful as an indicator of overall soil health and fertility, especially in connection with nitrogen, as an essential element.Monitoring kvaliteta zemljišta je od suštinskog značaja u poljoprivrednim regionima, poput Autonomne pokrajine Vojvodine. Zastupljenost funkcionalnih grupa bakterija uključenih u kruženje azota predstavlja dobar pokazatelj formi azota u zemljištu i plodnosti zemljišta. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se proceni brojnost odabranih funkcionalnih grupa bakterija u tri različita tipa zemljišta u Vojvodini i ispita njihova korelacija sa hemijskim osobinama zemljišta. Analizirani tipovi zemljišta (černozem, solončak, vertisol) uzorkovani su na devet lokacija, pri čemu su na svakoj lokaciji obuhvaćene dve poljoprivredne parcele i jedna kontrolna parcela. Utvrđene su brojnosti azotofiksatora, amonifikatora, nitrifikatora, denitrifikatora i ukupnih heterotrofnih bakterija. Rezultati su ukazali na razlike u brojnosti azotofiksatora, amonifikatora i nitrifikatora između različitih tipova zemljišta. Černozem je imao najveću brojnost azotofiksatora i amonifikatora. Denitrifikatori su bili najbrojniji u solončaku, dok je vertisol imao najveću brojnost nitrifikatora i ukupnih heterotrofnih bakterija. Utvrđena je statistički značajna umerena korelacija između brojnosti bakterija i određenih hemijskih osobina zemljišta. Konkretno, zabeležena je umerena negativna korelacija između nitrifikatora i pH u KCl (r=-0,57), pH u H2O (r=-0,53) i sadržaja CaCO3 (r=-0,4), kao i umerena pozitivna korelacija između denitrifikatora i sadržaja P2O5 (r=0,4). Umerena korelacija između brojnosti bakterija i osobina zemljišta može ukazivati na to da je varijabilnost brojnosti bakterija povezana i sa drugim faktorima, kao što su tip vegetaciijskog pokrivača, način korišćenja zemljišta, antropogene aktivnosti i klimatske promene. Stoga, funkcionalne grupe bakterija mogu biti korisne kao pokazatelji opšteg zdravlja i plodnosti zemljišta, naročito u vezi sa azotom kao esencijalnim elementom
Phenotypic characterization of soybean genetic resources at multiple locations: breeding implications for enhancing environmental resilience, yield and protein content
No full textSoybean is an important legume crop and a leading source of dietary protein and oil in animal feed, as well as an important food for human consumption. The objective of our research was to study soybean genetic resources in context of future protein self-sufficiency both in human and animal nutrition. Collection of 360 different accessions from various regions worldwide was evaluated across four European locations during two consecutive years in phenotyping trials. The five most important traits of soybean – plant emergence, plant length, protein content, seed yield, and R8 stage – were carefully analysed, revealing significant variability. Ten exceptionally stable genotypes were identified based on their protein content and yield, presenting promising candidates for breeding programs. Our findings underscore the importance of integrating genotype-environment interaction analyses into breeding initiatives, considering the observed variability in phenotypic traits across diverse environments and genotypes
Improving soybean drought tolerance via silicon-induced changes in growth, physiological, biochemical, and root characteristics
No full textDrought-induced osmotic stress is a significant constraint to soybean growth and yield, necessitating the development of effective mitigation strategies. Silicon acts as an important strategy to mitigate the negative stress effects of drought stress. The study was aimed to evaluate the potential of soil-applied silicon in alleviating drought stress in soybean. Two field capacities were tested: control (85% FC) and drought (50% FC), with four silicon application rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg ha−1) applied at sowing. Drought stress significantly affected the morphological parameters in soybean as plant height, leaf area, and water potential were reduced by 25%, 20%, and 36%, respectively, while root length increased as compared to control-85% FC. However, drought stress reduced root density, surface area, and biomass as compared to control-85% FC. Additionally, drought reduced photosynthetic rates, chlorophyll a and b levels, and stomatal conductance, while increasing malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. The natural plant defense system was upregulated, with increased activity of phenolics, soluble proteins, and antioxidant enzymes like catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase. However, silicon applications, especially at 200 kg ha−1, significantly alleviated the negative effects of drought stress by improving morphophysiological and biochemical traits in soybeans. Compared to the control, Si200 increased plant height, root length, photosynthetic rate, and water potential by 22%, 39%, 23%, and 17%, respectively, as compared to control. Furthermore, silicon reduced malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels by 21% and 10%, enhancing plant resilience. Silicon supplementation also boosted biochemical attributes, with total soluble proteins, phenolics, and antioxidant enzyme activities increasing by 30%, 55%, 19%, 24%, and 31%, respectively, under drought conditions. In crux, silicon at 200 kg ha−1 effectively mitigated the effects of drought stress in soybean, becoming a more sustainable approach to sustain crop yield and food security
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Seed Yield and Seed Oil Content as Influenced by Different Environmental Conditions and Genotypes
No full textSoybean yield potential is strongly impacted by environmental conditions. Soybean yield variability could be explained by climatic variables. Choice of tolerant varieties adapted to different limited environmental conditions could be used as adaptive strategies to sustain the development of soybean areas. Three soybean varieties with high seed and oil content (Balkan, Novosađanka and Vojvođanka) were analyzed in three localities of Vojvodina Province in Serbia: Novi Sad (45°20′00″ S; 19°51′00″), Pančevo (44°52′15″ S; 20°38′51″) and Laćarak (44°59′45″ S; 19°34′03″). The highest yield of the three examined soybean varieties was shown by Vojvođanka (3365.0 kg ha-1), whereas the statistically highest yield was in 2010 (4301.1 kg ha-1) in the investigated period (2006-2011). All three varieties gave the lowest seed yield at the Pančevo locality, due to the deficit of precipitation and lower content of humus in the soil. The oil content in the seeds was also influenced by all three examined factors. The soybean varieties Vojvođanka and Balkan had statistically higher oil content than Novosađanka. The agroecological and soil conditions of Novi Sad were the most suitable for the synthesis of oil in the seeds of all genotypes. Oil content was statistically highest in 2010 (22.31%) compared to all tested years. The analysis has shown that Vojvođanka was the most promising of all soybean’s varieties
Seed protein content of spring oat and hull-less barley-pea intercrops in Serbia
No full textMixed intercropping is recognized as a promising approach in improving nitrogen (N) utilization in intercropping systems. The positive impact of cereal-legume intercropping on protein accumulation in companion cereal crops has been observed across various agroecological zones. However, limited knowledge regarding the effects of intercropping on N-use efficiency and the performance of individual crops within these systems remains a significant barrier to its broader adoption. The potential for seed protein content enhancement in intercrops of spring oats (cv. Dunav) and hullless barley (cv. Golijat), when cultivated with pea (cv. Partner), was explored in 2022 and 2023 under Serbia's Pannonian climate in Novi Sad, Northern Serbia. Seeding rates in the mixed intercropping systems were set at 70% (pea) and 30% (oats, hull-less barley) of the conventional seeding rate. General linear modeling was used to estimate factors affecting seed protein content. Extreme fluctuations in climatic factors were recorded over the two growing seasons. In 2023, precipitation levels in April and May exceeded the seventeen-year averages. In contrast, a lack of precipitation was observed throughout the entire 2022 growing season. The cultivation practices and their interaction with crop species in the two-year experiment significantly influenced seed protein content. Over both years, there was no significant variation in the protein content of spring oats cultivated as pure stands in 2022 (14.1%) and 2023 (14.2%) or as intercrops in 2022 (15.3%) and 2023 (15.0%). Although oats grown in intercropping systems had higher protein content than those in pure stands, their differences were not significant (p<0.001). In addition, their variation between the two growing seasons was less pronounced compared to hull-less barley. In 2023, a significant increase in the protein content of hull-less barley intercrops was recorded (15.7%) compared to pure stands (13.6%). Additionally, the protein content of hull-less barley differed significantly between the two years, reaching notably higher values in 2022 under both pure stand (17.8%) and intercrop (18.1%) conditions. The seed protein content of pea pure stands was significantly higher in 2022 (24.8%) than in 2023 (19.6%), with no notable differences between cultivation practices. These results indicate that under the same climatic conditions, oat and hull-less barley responded differently to intercropping with pea. Moreover, the protein content of hull-less barley was more affected by extreme fluctuations in climatic factors over the two years than that of spring oats.[https://www.agrobiodiversityalongthevaluechain.eu/
Potential for Enhancing Seed Yield and Quality of Spring Oat and Hull-Less Barley Through Intercropping with Pea Under the Pannonian Climate
No full textThe limited understanding of the factors that influence intercrop component performance continues to constrain the widespread adoption of intercropping systems. This study examined the relationships between dry yield, yield components, thousand kernel weight (TKW), hectoliter weight (HLW), and crude protein content in spring oat and hull-less barley using principal component analysis with mix data (PCA mix), general linear modeling (GLM), and regression analysis. Results showed that the total intercropping yield of spring oat and pea can match that of oat pure stands. Year, cropping system, and their interaction had significant effects on total dry yield (p 57.8%) than in oat (R2 < 13.9%), indicating higher protein yield trade-offs in barley. The dry yield–TKW relationship was negative in barley, reaching an R2 of 52% in 2023, but it was positive in oat (R2 = 26.6% in 2023; 28% in 2024), confirming crop-specific physiological responses under the same agro-ecological conditions