SICOT-J - Société Internationale de Chirurgie Orthopédique et de Traumatologie
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Unstable elbow dislocations: the description and cadaveric feasibility study of a new surgical technique
No full textIntroduction: A small proportion of simple elbow dislocations are grossly unstable and joint congruence is not maintained after reduction. In this rare situation operative treatment is indicated. We describe a new intra articular reconstruction that utilises a slip of triceps tendon to provide immediate stability to the elbow.
Methods: We assessed 20 cadaveric elbows, measuring the length of triceps tendon available and required to complete the reconstruction. We then sequentially sectioned the ligamentous stabilisers of an elbow before performing the new technique. We measured the displacement and angulation possible at the elbow before and after the reconstruction.
Results: All 20 elbows had sufficient triceps tendon length to complete the new technique. Prior to the reconstruction greater than 30 mm of joint distraction and 90 degrees varus or valgus angulation was possible. Following the reconstruction it was not possible to re-dislocate the elbow. Only 2 mm of joint distraction and 10 degrees of varus or valgus angulation were possible with the triceps graft fixed in position.
Discussion: This novel technique elegantly avoids many of the problems associated with current methods. We have demonstrated that it is technically feasible and easy to perform with minimal equipment requirements or costs
Surgical outcome of delayed presentation of congenital proximal radioulnar synostosis
No full textBackground: Presentation of proximal radioulnar synostosis varies from cosmetic concerns with no functional limitations to significant pronation deformity which hampers activities of daily living. Surgical management must be considered based on the position of the forearm and functional limitations. We describe the surgical technique, results, and complications of excision of the radial head along with the proximal radius up to the distal extent of the synostosis site and securing the osteotomized radial shaft with a tensor fascia lata graft.
Materials and methods: Four patients having six affected elbows with delayed presentation of congenital proximal radioulnar synostosis with dislocated radial head managed surgically were included in the study. There were three males and one female with an average age of 20.25 years (ranging from 16 to 25 years). Preoperatively wrists were locked in the mean pronation position of 51.6° (ranging from 30° to 70°). The indications for surgery were limitation in activities of daily living and an obvious cosmetic deformity.
Results: All patients were satisfied with the surgery and showed significant improvement in functional status. Mean active supination was 15° (ranging from 5 to 32°) with passive supination was a mean of 24.8° (ranging from 11° to 44°). Similarly, mean active pronation was 58.5° (ranging from 50° to 71°) with further passive correction up to a mean of 64.16° (ranging from 57° to 87°) at last follow up.
Conclusions: This procedure is simple, cost effective, and a reasonable option for treatment of proximal radioulnar synostosis with a dislocated radial head in adult patients. The operation does not require any specialized team or implants, and can be performed in a moderately equipped hospital
Lower reoperation rate for cemented femoral stem than for uncemented femoral stem in primary total hip arthroplasty following a displaced femoral neck fracture
No full textIntroduction: Acute displaced femoral neck fractures are often treated with cemented hemiarthroplasty (HA). There is increasing evidence that total hip arthroplasty (THA) may be a better alternative, but the degree to which the fixation of the femoral stem used affects the outcome is not fully known. The aim of this study is to compare rates of operative complications and implant survival following THA treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures with either a cemented or an uncemented femoral stem.
Methods: The study consists of two groups of patients (N = 334), who were treated for a displaced femoral neck fracture with THA at the Regional Hospital of Viborg during 2007–2012. The first group (50.9%) had uncemented (Corail®) stem while the second group (49.1%) had cemented (Exeter®) stem implanted. Nearly all patients had uncemented dual mobility cup (Saturne®) as acetabular component and were followed up to three months postoperatively. Data regarding rates of implant survival and operative complications were obtained by retrospective review of medical records.
Results: We found a statistically significant difference regarding rates of postoperative reoperation with 1.2% (95% CI 0.005–0.03) for cemented and 5.9% (95% CI 0.02–0.09) for uncemented stem (p = 0.02). The main causes for reoperation were peri-prosthetic fractures and deep infections. There was no difference regarding dislocation or peroperative complications. Rates of dislocation were 4.3% (95% CI 0.012–0.07) for cemented and 3.5% (95% CI 0.008–0.06) for uncemented stem (p = 0.72). Rates of peroperative complications were 6.1% (95% CI 0.024–0.1) for cemented and 8.2% (95% CI 0.04–0.12) for uncemented stem (p = 0.1).
Discussion: Our results indicate that cemented femoral stem is superior to cementless when rates of reoperation are compared
Avoidance of external fixation pin induced rotational stiffness in the forearm; a cadaver study of soft tissue displacement relative to the varying position of radius and ulna fixation
No full textIntroduction: Stiffness of forearm rotation secondary to transfixion pin sites is a frequent complication of external fixation. Conventional surgical atlases do not consider the effect of rotation on skin displacement and thus do not provide a comprehensive answer. We asked: (1) in what locations in the forearm is soft tissue displacement relative to the ulna and radius least during rotation; (2) in what positions are major neurovascular structures absent; and (3) what maximal range of rotation can be expected in forearm external fixation.
Methods: Thirty-four matched cadaver arms were used to assess displacement of soft tissues at 10°, 30° and 70° of pronation and supination in relation to a testing frame. The results of these were correlated with positions in which neurovascular structures were absent and deemed insertional “Reference Positions (RP)”.
Results: Expected range of rotation in diaphyseal fractures of different levels of both forearm bones was found with RP for the ulna occurring along the length of the forearm. Reference positions for the radius which provide full forearm rotation are situated only in the distal third; positions which provide partial rotation are located in the proximal and middle third.
Discussion: Full range of rotation may be maintained in the case of isolated external fixation of ulnar diaphyseal fractures. In isolated external fixation of the radius a reduced range of forearm rotation may be expected
Young, male, road traffic victims: a systematic review of the published trauma registry literature from low and middle income countries
No full textBackground: Trauma contributes significantly to the global burden of disease. We analysed published trauma registries to assess the demographics of those most affected in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Methods: We performed a systematic review of published trauma registry studies according to PRISMA guidelines. We included published full-text articles from trauma registries in low and middle-income countries describing the demographics of trauma registry patients. Articles from military trauma registries, articles using data not principally derived from trauma registry data, articles describing patients of only one demographic (e.g. only paediatric patients), or only one mechanism of injury, trauma registry implementation papers without demographic data, review papers and conference proceedings were excluded.
Results: The initial search retrieved 1868 abstracts of which 1324 remained after duplicate removal. After screening the abstracts, 78 full-text articles were scrutinised for their suitability for inclusion. Twenty three papers from 14 countries, including 103,327 patients, were deemed eligible and included for analysis. The median age of trauma victims in these articles was 27 years (IQR 25–29). The median percentage of trauma victims who were male was 75 (IQR 66–84). The median percentage of road traffic injuries (RTIs) as a percentage of total injuries caused by trauma was 46 (IQR 21–71).
Conclusions: Young, male, road traffic victims represent a large proportion of the LMIC trauma burden. This information can inform and be used by local and national governments to implement road safety measures and other strategies aimed at reducing the injury rate in young males
Osteoid osteoma (OO) of the coracoid: a case report of arthroscopic excision and review of literature
No full textOsteoid osteoma (OO) of the coracoid is a rare entity that may present with variable symptoms from shoulder leading to delay in diagnosis and treatment. We present the clinical and radiological findings and management of one such case along with a review of similar cases reported in the literature. There was a delay of 2 years in diagnosis, which was later confirmed by computed tomography in addition to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The lesion was accessed arthroscopically and excised by unroofing and curettage. “OO” should be included in the differential diagnosis of shoulder pain in young patients not responding to long-term conservative treatment. Arthroscopic excision and curettage provide a good choice for management, with low morbidity and rapid recovery
Retrograde nailing for distal femur fractures in the elderly
No full textIntroduction: We report the results of treating a series of 56 fractures in 54 elderly patients with a distal femur fracture with a retrograde femoral nail.
Methods: Fifty-four of the nails were inserted percutaneously with a closed reduction. After surgery all patients were allowed to weight bear as tolerated. Four fractures were supported in a temporary external splint.
Results: The mean age of patients was 80.6 years (range 51–103 years), 52/54 (96%) were females. There were no cases of nail related complications and no re-operations were required. One patient was lost to follow up. The 30-day mortality was 5/54 (9.3%) and the one year mortality was 17/54 (31.5%).
Conclusions: Distal femoral nail fixation provides a good method of fixation allowing immediate mobilisation for this group of patients
Ilizarov ring fixator in the management of infected non-unions of tibia
No full textPurpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of debridement and application of Ilizarov ring fixator (IRF) in the management of infected tibial non-unions.
Patients and methods: Twenty six patients with infected non-unions of tibia were managed by debridement and resection of infected portion ± partial fibulectomy and stabilization by Ilizarov ring fixator. Bone segment transport was done in 18 patients who had greater than 2.5 cm bone defect after debridement. Bone grafting was required in three patients to augment union.
Results: All fractures united and infection eradicated completely. There were 13 excellent, nine good, and four fair results. Functional results were excellent in nine, good in 11, fair in five and poor in one. Pin site inflammation was the most common problem and occurred in 23 (88%) patients. There were no major complications or neurovascular complications.
Conclusion: We conclude that debridement combined with Ilizarov ring fixator with or without partial fibulectomy is a reliable method of treatment of infected non-unions of tibia
Adverse sequelae following revision of a total hip replacement for a fractured ceramic component: case report
No full textRevision total hip replacement following a fractured ceramic bearing component presents a challenge in the choice of the new bearing implant. A femoral head made of equal or harder material should be implanted to prevent catastrophic wear. Despite this, patients and surgeons must be wary of potential complications
Arthroscopic intralesional curettage for large benign talar dome cysts
No full textIntroduction: Surgical management of large talar dome cysts is challenging due to increased morbidity by associated cartilage damage and malleolar osteotomy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome of endoscopic curettage and bone graft for large talar dome cysts.
Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of data for eight patients (eight feet) who were treated by arthroscopic curettage and grafting for large talar dome cysts. Seven cases were treated by posterior ankle arthroscopy as the lesion was located posteriorly while one case was treated by anterior ankle arthroscopy as the lesion was breached anteriorly.
Results: The final diagnosis, was; large osteochondral lesion of talus (two cases), aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) (two case), intra-osseous ganglion (two cases), Chronic infection in talus (one case) and angiomatous lesion of the talus (one case). The mean follow up period was 18.3 (±3.06 SD) months (range 16–25 months). The median preoperative AOFAS score was 74.5 (±5.34 SD) points. The mean postoperative AOFAS score at one year follow up was 94.6 (±2.97 SD) points. None of the patient had recurrence of the lesion during follow up. Return to normal daily activity was achieved at 11.25 (±2.37 SD) weeks.
Discussion: In this short case series study, large talar dome bony cysts of different pathologies including aneurysmal bone cysts could be treated effectively by endoscopic curettage and bone grafting with no recurrence no complications during the follow-up period