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Effects of high-intensity interval training and nutrition advice on cardiometabolic markers and aerobic fitness in adolescent girls with obesity
No full textThe aim of the study was to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and nutrition advice on cardiometabolic biomarkers, hormonal parameters, and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescent girls with obesity. Adolescent girls with obesity (n = 44, aged 13-19 years) were randomized into a 12-week intervention as follows: (i) dietary advice and HIIT (n = 22), and (ii) dietary advice only (n = 22). The concentration of biomarkers of inflammation, biochemical and hormonal testing, oral glucose tolerance test, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity levels, and nutrition were assessed. After a 3-month intervention, the diet+HIIT group significantly increased insulin sensitivity index (-0.34 +/- 1.52 vs. 1.05 +/- 3.21; p = 0.001) and work load (0.6 +/- 11.3 W vs. 14.6 +/- 20.2 W; p = 0.024) and decreased glucose area under the curve (-0.29 +/- 4.69 vs. -0.98 +/- 4.06; p = 0.040), insulin area under the curve (-9.65 +/- 117.9 vs. -98.7 +/- 201.8; p = 0.003), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (0.12 +/- 1.92 mg11. vs. -1.47 +/- 3.67 mg/L; p = 0.039) in comparison with the diet group. Regarding within-group changes, both groups had significant improvements in body mass index (BMI), BMI-standard deviation score, body fat percentage, and systolic blood pressure. Positive impact on waist circumference, waist circumference/height ratio, diastolic blood pressure, hs-CRP, work load, maximal heart rate, and resting heart rate was observed only after the diet+HIIT intervention. No significant change was noted in peak oxygen uptake, lipid profile, and hormonal parameters between groups after intervention. Novelty HIIT and nutrition advice increased insulin sensitivity and decreased BMI, body fat, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Nutrition advice decreased BMI, body fat, and systolic blood pressure in adolescent girls with obesity
The Effect of Walnut Consumption on n-3 Fatty Acid Profile of Healthy People Living in a Non-Mediterranean West Balkan Country, a Small Scale Randomized Study
Get PDFPeople living in non-Mediterranean West Balkan countries have diets with a low n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content. Walnuts, a traditional Serbian food, could be an excellent source of n-3 PUFA. The first sub-study evaluated the fatty acid and mineral content of Serbian walnuts, demonstrating that walnuts had the high content of linolenic acid (C18:3, n-3 ALA). The second sub-study assessed the consumption of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) and total n-3-fatty acid intake in apparently healthy Serbian residents, using 24-h dietary recalls (n = 352). An inadequate intake of n-3 fatty acids and a low consumption of walnuts was seen. Additionally, we evaluated the fatty acid profile of healthy Serbian adults (n = 110) and finally, via a randomized intervention 4-weeks study, we assessed the effects of walnut consumption on n-3 fatty acid profile of participants (n = 18). The plasma content of n-3 PUFA was low and the n-6/n-3 ratio was high in our study participants. The n-3 plasma fatty acid profile was improved after 4 weeks of walnut consumption, meaning that ALA, eicosapentaenoic acid, and total n-3 were significantly increased. The results of our study pointed out the potential health benefits of walnuts consumption on amelioration of the n-3 fatty acid profile that should be taken into account in preventive management programs. The higher conversion of ALA to EPA ( gt 10%) in examined study participants, suggests the importance of a moderate walnut consumption
Neuromodulation of Gamma-Range Auditory Steady-State Responses: A Scoping Review of Brain Stimulation Studies
Get PDFNeural oscillations represent a fundamental mechanism that enables coordinated action during normal brain functioning. Auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) are used to test the ability to generate gamma-range activity. Different non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have the potential to modulate neural activation patterns that are aberrant in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge on how different methods of NIBS (transcranial altering current stimulation-tACS, transcranial direct current stimulation-tDCS, transcranial random noise stimulation-tRNS, paired associative stimulation-PAS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation-rTMS) affect the gamma-range ASSRs in both healthy and clinical populations. We show that the current research has been far from systematic and methodologically heterogeneous. Nevertheless, some brain stimulation techniques, especially tACS and rTMS show strong potential for further exploration. We outline the main findings and provide directions for further research into neuromodulation of ASSRs as a promising biomarker of different psychopathological conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism
Analiza ekspresije faktora inflamacije S100A4, S100A8/9, S100A12 u mijeloproliferativnim neoplazmama: veza sa prisustvom mutacije u JAK2 genu
Get PDFMyeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) belong to the group of malignant diseases of the blood, characterized by a clonal expansion of neoplastically transformed hematopoietic progenitors of the myeloid lineage in the bone marrow. MPN in the narrow sense includes polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). In patients with MPN, the underlying disorder is the JAK2V617F mutation, which is a driving mutation in more than 95% of patients with PV and 50-60% of patients with ET and PMF. The JAK2V617F mutation leads to constitutive activation of JAK2 kinase and cytokine-independent cell growth. As a consequence, downstream signaling pathways (JAK2 / STAT3, PI3K-AKT, MAPK), which are involved in myeloproliferation, are activated. The presence of the JAK2V617F mutation in MPN in hematopoietic cells alters the activity of inflammatory signaling pathways, altering the production of reactive oxygen species in neutrophils, altering serum inflammatory cytokine levels, and altering reactivity to these cytokines. The main feature of chronic inflammation is the high level of circulating cytokines and chemokines, as well as the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which leads to genetic instability and may be suitable for the formation and progression of neoplasms. In patients with MPN, a significant increase in many inflammatory mediators has been observed, including a group of calcium-binding proteins, called S100 proteins. Due to their tumorigenic and pro-inflammatory activity, the S100 family of proteins that potentially have the greatest effect on the formation and development of myeloproliferative neoplasms are S100A4, S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12, as several studies have shown their elevated levels in MPN. The aim of this dissertation was to investigate the gene expression and levels of S100A4, S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 factors in MPN patients, study the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, as well as JAK inhibitors on the levels of these proteins on human HEL 92.1.7 model cell line with a JAK2 mutation, as well as an examination of the signaling mechanisms by which IL-6 and IL-10 exert their effects on peripheral blood cells of patients with MPN and the human HEL 92.1.7 model. cell line. The results of this study showed that inflammation factors show an increase in levels, which is dependent on the presence of the JAK2V617F mutation in individual proteins. This increase in the level of inflammatory factors indicates that patients with MPN have chronic inflammation. Treatment with hydroxyurea and a combination of hydroxyurea and a specific JAK2 inhibitor decreases the levels of inflammatory factor in the HEL 92.1.7 cell line, indicating that the S100 proteins examined are expressed in a JAK2-dependent manner. The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 decreased S100 protein levels in mononuclear cells of patients with MPN, and this decrease in MPN was mediated by NF-κB and PI3K signaling pathways. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 also reduced S100 protein levels, especially S100A8 and S100A9 in patients with ET, but mediated by the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. IL-6 / IL-10-mediated regulation of S100 protein levels by MPNs is dominated by NF-κB and PI3K signaling pathways, whereas activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway is constitutive.Mijeloproliferativne neoplazme (MPN) spadaju u grupu malignih oboljenja krvi, za koje je karakteristična klonalna ekspanzija neoplastično transformisanih hematopoetskih progenitora mijeloidne loze u kostnoj srži. U MPN u užem smislu spadaju policitemija vera (PV), esencijalna trombocitemija (ET) i primarna mijelofibroza (PMF). Kod pacijenata sa MPN osnovni poremećaj predstavlja mutacija JAK2V617F, koja je pokretačka mutacija u više od 95% pacijenata sa PV i 50-60% pacijenata sa ET i PMF. JAK2V617F mutacija vodi konstitutivnoj aktivaciji JAK2 kinaze i rastu ćelija nezavisnom od citokina. Kao posledica, aktivirani su nishodni signalni putevi (JAK2/STAT3, PI3K-AKT, MAPK), koji su uključeni u mijeloproliferaciju. Prisustvo JAK2V617F mutacije kod MPN u hematopoetskim ćelijama menja aktivnost signalnih puteva značajnih za inflamaciju, pri čemu dolazi do promene nastajanja reaktivnih vrsta kiseonika kod neutrofila, promene nivoa inflamatornih citokina u serumu i izmenjene reaktivnosti na ove citokine. Glavna odlika hronične inflamacije jeste visok nivo citokina i hemokina u cirkulaciji, kao i nagomilavanje reaktivnih kiseoničnih vrsta, što dovodi do genetičke nestabilnosti i može biti pogodno za nastanak i progresiju neoplazmi. Kod pacijenata sa MPN uočeno je značajno povećanje brojnih medijatora inflamacije, među kojima je i grupa kalcijum vezujućih proteina, pod nazivom S100 proteini. Zbog svog tumorigenog i proinflamatornog delovanja, proteini S100 familije koji potencijalno imaju najveći efekat na nastanak i razvoj mijeloproliferativnih neoplazmi su S100A4, S100A8, S100A9 i S100A12, jer je u nekoliko studija pokazan njihov povišen nivo kod MPN. Cilj istraživanja ove disertacije bilo je ispitivanje genske ekspresije i nivoa S100A4, S100A8, S100A9 i S100A12 faktora kod MPN pacijenata, ispitivanje uticaja proinflamatornog citokina IL-6, antiinflamatornog citokina IL-10, kao i JAK inhibitora na nivoe ovih proteina na modelu humane HEL 92.1.7 ćelijske linije sa JAK2 mutacijom, kao i ispitivanje signalnih mehanizama putem kojih IL-6 i IL-10 ostvaruju svoje efekte na ćelije periferne krvi pacijenata sa MPN i modelu humane HEL 92.1.7. ćelijske linije. Rezultati ove studije su pokazali da faktori inflamacije pokazuju povećanje nivoa, koje zavisi od prisustva JAK2V617F mutacije kod pojedinačnih proteina. Navedeno povećanje nivoa faktora inflamacije ukazuje da kod obolelih od MPN postoji hronična inflamacija. Tretman hidroksiureom i kombinacijom hidroksiuree i specifičnog JAK2 inhibitora smanjuje nivoe faktora inflamacije u HEL 92.1.7 ćelijskoj liniji, što ukazuje da se ispitivani S100 proteini eksprimiraju na JAK2-zavistan način. Proinflamatorni citokin IL-6 smanjivao je nivoe S100 proteina u mononuklearima pacijenata sa MPN, a ovo smanjenje kod MPN posredovano je NF-κB i PI3K signalnim putevima. Antiinflamatorni citokin IL-10 takođe je smanjivao nivoe S100 proteina, pogotovo S100A8 i S100A9 kod pacijenata sa ET, ali posredovano PI3K-AKT signalnim putem. U IL-6 / IL-10 posredovanoj regulaciji nivoa S100 proteina kod MPN dominiraju NF-κB i PI3K signalni putevi, dok je aktivacija JAK-STAT signalnog puta konstitutivna
Assessment of the force-velocity relationship during vertical jumps: influence of the starting position, analysis procedures and number of loads
Get PDFThis study aimed to compare the reliability and magnitude of the force-velocity (F-V) relationship parameters between the squat jumps performed from the 90 degrees (SJ90) and self-preferred knee angle (SJ(pref)). A secondary aim was to explore the effect of the analysis procedure (force platform [FP] and Samozino's [SAM] method) and the number of loads tested (three- and two-point methods) on the F-V relationships. Twelve men were tested in two sessions during the SJ90 and SJ(pref). Two identical blocks of jumps were performed in each session against three external loads. The F-V relationship parameters (maximum force, maximum velocity, F-V slope and maximum power) were determined at each block through the FP and SAM procedures using the data collected under three (three-point method) or only the two most distant loads (two-point method). The average coefficient of variation (CV) of the four F-V parameters revealed a higher reliability for the SJ90 compared to the SJ(pref) (5.86% vs. 7.55%; CVratio = 1.29) with more pronounced differences using the FP (CVratio = 1.43) than the SAM procedure (CVratio = 1.14), and higher reliability for the SAM compared to the FP (6.14% vs. 7.27%; CVratio = 1.18). The SJ(pref) and SAM procedures provided comparable or higher magnitude of the F-V relationship parameters than the SJ90 and FP, respectively. The three- and two-point methods revealed a comparable reliability and trivial differences in the magnitude of the F-V relationship parameters. The routine testing procedure of the F-V relationship could be simplified using the SJ(pref), the SAM procedure and the two-point method.This is the peer-reviewed version of the article: Janićijević, D.; Knežević, O.; Mirkov, D. M.; Perez-Castilla, A.; Petrović, M. R.; Samozino, P.; Garcia-Ramos, A. Assessment of the Force-Velocity Relationship during Vertical Jumps: Influence of the Starting Position, Analysis Procedures and Number of Loads. European Journal of Sport Science 2020, 20 (5), 614–623. [https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1645886
First molecular detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from humans in the Sarajevo Canton (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
No full textLong-Term Effects of Maternal Deprivation on the Volume of Dopaminergic Nuclei and Number of Dopaminergic Neurons in Substantia Nigra and Ventral Tegmental Area in Rats
Get PDFEarly life adversities leave long-lasting structural and functional consequences on the brain, which may persist later in life. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is extremely important in mood and motor control. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal deprivation during the ninth postnatal day on the volume of dopaminergic nuclei and the number of dopaminergic neurons in adolescence and adulthood. Maternally deprived and control Wistar rats were sacrificed on postnatal day 35 or 60, and the dopaminergic neurons were stained in coronal histological sections of ventral midbrain with the tyrosine hydroxylase antibody. The volume of dopaminergic nuclei and the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) were analyzed in three representative coordinates. Maternal deprivation caused weight loss on postnatal day 21 (weaning) and corticosterone blood level elevation on postnatal days 35 and 60 in stressed compared to control rats. In maternally deprived animals, the volumes of SN and VTA were increased compared to the controls. This increase was accompanied by an elevation in the number of dopaminergic neurons in both nuclei. Altogether, based on somatic and corticosterone level measurements, maternal deprivation represents a substantial adversity, and the phenotype it causes in adulthood includes increased volume of the dopaminergic nuclei and number of dopaminergic neurons
Evaluation of the accuracy of personality judgments based on written verbal production
Get PDFThe process of personality judgment occurs in daily social interactions and represents an attempt to identify characteristics of someone else's personality, in the way to explain past and predict future behaviors. The results of this process have implications on future decisions and actions of people. This research aimed to examine the accuracy of non-expert ratings of Extraversion and Conscientiousness based on short written texts. The sample consisted of 215 participants (M-age = 28.58, SD = 10.30; 80.5% females). The exclusion criterion was that participants were psychologists or psychology students, i.e., individuals familiar with personality research and taxonomies. Participants rated Extraversion and Conscientiousness, based on the texts written by five different individuals. Criteria used to estimate the accuracy of judgments were the agreement between self-report measures on HEXACO PI-R from people who wrote the texts and ratings from participants, as well as the agreement between multiple raters. The results showed that there was a moderate self-other agreement for Extraversion and Conscientiousness. Also, the results showed that there was a high between-raters agreement for Extraversion and Conscientiousness. This study indicates that it is possible to judge one's personality based on written verbal production, as well that raters tend to form similar impressions about the personality from written texts
CaMKII delta C Drives Early Adaptive Ca(2+)Change and Late Eccentric Cardiac Hypertrophy
Get PDFRationale: CaMKII (Ca2+-Calmodulin dependent protein kinase) delta C activation is implicated in pathological progression of heart failure (HF) and CaMKII delta C transgenic mice rapidly develop HF and arrhythmias. However, little is known about early spatio-temporal Ca(2+)handling and CaMKII activation in hypertrophy and HF. Objective: To measure time- and location-dependent activation of CaMKII delta C signaling in adult ventricular cardiomyocytes, during transaortic constriction (TAC) and in CaMKII delta C transgenic mice. Methods and Results: We used human tissue from nonfailing and HF hearts, 4 mouse lines: wild-type, KO (CaMKII delta-knockout), CaMKII delta C transgenic in wild-type (TG), or KO background, and wild-type mice exposed to TAC. Confocal imaging and biochemistry revealed disproportional CaMKII delta C activation and accumulation in nuclear and perinuclear versus cytosolic regions at 5 days post-TAC. This CaMKII delta activation caused a compensatory increase in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)content, Ca(2+)transient amplitude, and [Ca2+] decline rates, with reduced phospholamban expression, all of which were most prominent near and in the nucleus. These early adaptive effects in TAC were entirely mimicked in young CaMKII delta TG mice (6-8 weeks) where no overt cardiac dysfunction was present. The (peri)nuclear CaMKII accumulation also correlated with enhanced HDAC4 (histone deacetylase) nuclear export, creating a microdomain for transcriptional regulation. At longer times both TAC and TG mice progressed to overt HF (at 45 days and 11-13 weeks, respectively), during which time the compensatory Ca(2+)transient effects reversed, but further increases in nuclear and time-averaged [Ca2+] and CaMKII activation occurred. CaMKII delta TG mice lacking delta B exhibited more severe HF, eccentric myocyte growth, and nuclear changes. Patient HF samples also showed greatly increased CaMKII delta expression, especially for CaMKII delta C in nuclear fractions. Conclusions: We conclude that in early TAC perinuclear CaMKII delta C activation promotes adaptive increases in myocyte Ca(2+)transients and nuclear transcriptional responses but that chronic progression of this nuclear Ca2+-CaMKII delta C axis contributes to eccentric hypertrophy and HF
Differential expansion of circulating human MDSC subsets in patients with cancer, infection and inflammation
Get PDFBackground Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a functional myeloid cell subset that includes myeloid cells with immune suppressive properties. The presence of MDSC has been reported in the peripheral blood of patients with several malignant and non-malignant diseases. So far, direct comparison of MDSC across different diseases and Centers is hindered by technical pitfalls and a lack of standardized methodology. To overcome this issue, we formed a network through the COST Action Mye-EUNITER () with the goal to standardize and facilitate the comparative analysis of human circulating MDSC in cancer, inflammation and infection. In this manuscript, we present the results of the multicenter study Mye-EUNITER MDSC Monitoring Initiative, that involved 13 laboratories and compared circulating MDSC subsets across multiple diseases, using a common protocol for the isolation, identification and characterization of these cells. Methods We developed, tested, executed and optimized a standard operating procedure for the isolation and immunophenotyping of MDSC using blood from healthy donors. We applied this procedure to the blood of almost 400 patients and controls with different solid tumors and non-malignant diseases. The latter included viral infections such as HIV and hepatitis B virus, but also psoriasis and cardiovascular disorders. Results We observed that the frequency of MDSC in healthy donors varied substantially between centers and was influenced by technical aspects such as the anticoagulant and separation method used. Expansion of polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSC exceeded the expansion of monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) in five out of six solid tumors. PMN-MDSC expansion was more pronounced in cancer compared with infection and inflammation. Programmed death-ligand 1 was primarily expressed in M-MDSC and e-MDSC and was not upregulated as a consequence of disease. LOX-1 expression was confined to PMN-MDSC. Conclusions This study provides improved technical protocols and workflows for the multi-center analysis of circulating human MDSC subsets. Application of these workflows revealed a predominant expansion of PMN-MDSC in solid tumors that exceeds expansion in chronic infection and inflammation