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Influence of bFGF and IL‐17 on endothelial differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth
No full textAn indispensable part of the regeneration process is the appropriate vascularization of the damaged tissue. Therefore, one of the most promising strategy in the tissue engineering
is development of pre‐vascularized tissue constructs. Various strategies to obtain endothelial cells (EC) are available including EC differentiation from the adult stem cells (SCs) such
are mesenchymal SC (MSCs). Particularly attractive sources of MSCs are dental tissues, whereas minimal invasiveness and accessibility is characteristic of SCs from human exfoliated
deciduous teeth (SHEDs). Regarding the frequent exposure of dental tissues to the inflammatory conditions that significantly affect MSCs functionality, this study aimed to investigate
the influence of inflammatory niche mediators, interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) and/or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), on SHEDs endothelial differentiation potential through analysis of
endothelial markers expression (vWF and CD31), as well as tubulogenesis. Our results revealed that SHEDs have intrinsic potential to differentiate toward EC progenitors as sprouts
and tubules can be noticed in the control group. On the other hand, IL‐17 did not affect basal endothelial differentiation of SHEDs, but it did slightly annulled stimulative effects
of bFGF on the size of sprouts. On gene and protein level these factors did not affect vWF expression, while CD31 expression was stimulated in the presence of IL‐17 or/and bFGF.
Interestingly, both factors also stimulated gene and protein expression of IL‐6 implying its involvement in IL‐17 or bFGF actions as important angiogenic modulators. All these findings
are encouraging particularly in the context of IL‐17 and bFGF potential to modulate dental tissues vascularization and regeneration.Abstracts of ECI 2021: 6th European Congress of Immunology, September 1‐4, 2021.,Virtual meetin
Nitric Oxide Synthase Dependency in Hydroxyurea Inhibition of Erythroid Progenitor Growth
Get PDFHydroxyurea (HU) causes nitric oxide (NO) bioactivation, acting as both a NO donor and a stimulator of NO synthase (NOS). To examine whether HU effects are NO mediated by chemical degradation or enzymatic induction, we studied human and mouse erythroid cells during proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. The HU and NO donor demonstrated persisted versus temporary inhibition of erythroid cell growth during differentiation, as observed by γ-and β-globin gene expression. HU decreased the percentage of erythroleukemic K562 cells in the G2/M phase that was reversed by N-nitro l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME). Besides activation of endothelial NOS, HU significantly increased apoptosis of K562 cells, again demonstrating NOS dependence. Administration of HU to mice significantly inhibited colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E), mediated by NOS. Moreover, burst-forming-units-erythroid (BFU-E) and CFU-E ex vivo growth was inhibited by the administration of nitrate or nitrite to mice. Chronic in vivo NOS inhibition with L-NAME protected the bone marrow cellularity despite HU treatment of mice. NO metabolites and HU reduced the frequency of NOS-positive cells from CFU-E and BFU-E colonies that was reverted by NOS inhibition. HU regulation of the G2/M phase, apoptosis, differentiation, cellularity, and NOS immunoreactive cells was NOS dependent. Inhalation of NO therapy as well as strategies to increase endogenous NO production could replace or enhance HU activity
Vitamin D Status and Its Correlation With Anthropometric and Biochemical Indicators of Cardiometabolic Risk in Serbian Underground Coal Miners in 2016
Get PDFThe status of vitamin D in underground working coal miners and its association with their cardiometabolic health is rarely studied. This study aimed to examine vitamin D (VitD) status in Serbian underground coal miners and to correlate it with anthropometric and laboratory indicators of cardiometabolic risk. Nutritional data (food frequency questionnaire, FFQ, and two times repeated 24 h recall), anthropometric data (including segmental analysis by bio-impedance analyzer TANITA BC-545N), arterial tension, and biochemical and hematological data of 103 coal miners (aged 22–63 years) were correlated with their late summer (early September) serum 25 (OH)D levels (measured by HPLC). 68.9% of the studied coal miners were overweight/obese, and 48.5% had metabolic syndrome. Their mean VitD nutritional intakes were low: 5.3 ± 3.8 μg/day (FFQ) and 4.9 ± 8 μg/day (24 h recalls), but their mean serum 25 (OH)D levels were surprisingly high (143.7 ± 41.4 nmol/L). Only 2.9% of the coal miners had 25(OH)D levels lower than 75 nmol/L (indicating an insufficient/deficient status), while 63.2% had values above 125 nmol/L (upper optimal limit), and even 10.7% had values above 200 nmol/L. There were no statistical differences in 25 (OH)D levels in the coal miners with or without metabolic syndrome (or overweight/obesity). Interestingly, 25(OH)D levels had significant positive correlations with body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), fat mass percentage (FM%), limbs FM%, serum triglycerides, GGT, AST, ALT, and ALT/AST ratio, and had significant negative correlations with serum HDL-cholesterol and age. All these correlations were lost after corrections for age, FM, FM%, and legs FM%. In Serbian coal miners, high levels of early September VitD levels were observed, indicating sufficient non-working-hour sun exposure during the summer period. Furthermore, the unexpected positive correlations of VitD levels with anthropometric and biochemical parameters indicative of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and fatty liver disease were found. More research is needed on the VitD status of coal miners (particularly in the winter period) and its relationship with their cardiometabolic status
The effects of chokeberry juice polyphenols on cardiovascular risk factors and fatty acid profile in animal and human study
Get PDFKardiovaskularne bolesti su vodeći uzrok smrtnosti u Srbiji i svetu. Svakodnevni dijetarni unos voća i povrća može smanjiti učestalost nastanka ovih oboljenja. Namirnice biljnog porekla sadrže različite komponente sa antiinflamatornim i antioksidativnim svojstvima, a među njima su i polifenoli. Ova doktorska disertacija je imala za cilj ispitivanje efekata polifenola soka od aronije na faktore rizika za kardiovaskularne bolesti i masnokiselinski profil pacova Wistar soja i ljudi. U obe studije analiziran je uticaj: 1) soka od aronije (sa 1177,11 mg/100 mL polifenola izraženih u ekvivalentima galne kiseline); 2) placeba bez polifenola; 3) soka od aronije razblaženog placebom (sa 294,28 mg/100 mL polifenola izraženih u ekvivalentima galne kiseline). Animalna studija je trajala pet nedelja tokom kojih je svaka grupa mužjaka Wistar pacova (n = 8) imala neometan pristup, ad libitum, jednoj od tri tečnosti. Humana studija je trajala četiri nedelje, tokom kojih su ispitanici (n = 84), podeljeni u tri grupe, dnevno pili po 100 mL jednog od pića. Svaka grupa je imala povišene vrednosti sledećih parametara: koncentracije LDL holesterola u serumu, indeksa telesne mase, obima struka i sistolnog pritiska.Procenjeno je da je prosečan dnevni unos polifenola bio 557 mg za grupu pacova koja je pila sok od aronije, odnosno 120 mg za onu koja je unosila razblaženi sok od aronije. Na kraju studije je koncentracija LDL holesterola u plazmi bila manja, a procentualna zastupljenost vakcenske kiseline veća u fosfolipidima i plazme i jetre, kod pacova koji su unosili više polifenola, u poređenju sa onima koji su pili placebo. Rezultati humane studije pokazali su smanjen krvni pritisak ispitanika sve tri grupe u poređenju sa početnim vrednostima, ali bez razlike između grupa. Došlo je do smanjenja vrednosti oksidovanog LDL-a kod ljudi koji su pili sok od aronije, u poređenju sa početnim vrednostima, ali bez statistički značajne razlike u odnosu na one koji su pili placebo. Unos oba soka sa polifenolima je smanjio procentualnu zastupljenost ukupnih n-6 polinezasićenih masnih kiselina i povećao udeo zasićene palmitinske kiseline u fosfolipidima plazme, u poređenju sa početkom studije i placebom. To je pokazano i poređenjem samo muškaraca tri grupe. Nije bilo povezanosti varijanti gena desaturaze masnih kiselina 2 (rs174576, rs174593, rs174616) sa efektima polifenola soka od aronije.Efekti polifenola aronije na masne kiseline plazme pacova Wistar soja nisu pokazani kod ljudi, stoga se na osnovu promena u masnokiselinskom profilu jetre pacova ne može pretpostaviti kakve se promene očekuju u jetri ljudi usled dijetarnog unosa ovog voća. Zbog odsustva statističke značajnosti u poređenju sa placebo grupom, smanjenja krvnog pritiska i koncentracije oksidovanog LDL-a u humanoj studiji se ne mogu pripisati dejstvu polifenola. Naši rezultati ukazuju da su polifenoli komponenta soka od aronije koja je potrebna za promene zastupljenosti n-6 polinezasićenih masnih kiselina i palmitinske kiseline fosfolipida plazme ljudi, da je za to dovoljna količina od 294 mg ekvivalenata galne kiseline, a moguće je da je ovo dejstvo polno-specifično. Neophodno je dalje ispitati efekte unosa polifenol.Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Serbia and the world. Daily dietary intake of fruits and vegetables can reduce the incidence of these diseases. Foods of plant origin contain various components, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and among them are polyphenols. This doctoral dissertation aimed to examine the effects of chokeberry juice polyphenols on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and fatty acid profile of Wistar rats and humans.In both studies was analyzed the influence of: 1) chokeberry juice (with 1177.11 mg/100 mL of polyphenols expressed as gallic acid equivalents); 2) polyphenol-free placebo 3) chokeberry juice diluted with placebo (with 294.28 mg/100 mL of polyphenols expressed as gallic acid equivalents). The animal study lasted for five weeks during which each group of male Wistar rats (n = 8) had unrestricted access, ad libitum, to one of the three liquids. The human study lasted for four weeks, during which subjects (n = 84), divided into three groups, drank 100 mL of one of the drinks per day. Each group had elevated values of the following parameters: serum LDL cholesterol concentrations, body mass index, waist circumference and systolic pressure.The average daily intake of polyphenols was estimated to be 557 mg for the group of rats that had been drinking chokeberry juice, and 120 mg for the group that had been ingesting diluted chokeberry juice. At the end of the study, the concentration of LDL cholesterol in plasma was lower, and the percentage of vaccenic acid was higher in plasma and liver phospholipids, in rats that ingested more polyphenols, compared to those who drank placebo. Results of the human study showed decreased blood pressure of the subjects of all three groups compared to the initial values, but without a difference between the groups. There was a decrease in oxidized LDL levels in people who drank chokeberry juice, compared to baseline values, but there was no statistically significant difference from those who drank placebo. Intake of both polyphenol juices reduced the percentage of total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and increased the percentage of saturated palmitic acid in plasma phospholipids, compared to the beginning of the study and placebo. That was also shown by comparing only men of the three groups. There was no association between the fatty acid desaturase 2 gene variants (rs174576, rs174593, rs174616) and the effects of chokeberry juice polyphenols.The effects of chokeberry polyphenols on Wistar rat plasma fatty acids have not been shown in humans, therefore, based on changes in the fatty acid profile of rat liver, it cannot be assumed what changes are expected in human liver due to dietary intake of this fruit. Because of the lack of statistical significance in comparison with the placebo group, the reduction in blood pressure and oxidized LDL concentration in the human study cannot be attributed to the effect of polyphenols. Our results indicate that polyphenols are the component of chokeberry juice needed for changes in the percentage of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and palmitic acid in human plasma phospholipids, that the amount of 294 mg of gallic acid equivalent is sufficient, and this effect may be gender-specific. It is necessary to further investigate the effects of chokeberry juice polyphenol intake in prevention of cardiovascular diseases via the influence on fatty acid profile
Experimental infection with Toxoplasma gondii in broiler chickens (Gallus domesticus): seroconversion, tissue cyst distribution, and prophylaxis
No full textToxoplasma gondii is a widespread zoonotic protozoan that infects most species of mammals and birds, including poultry. This study aimed to investigate the course of T. gondii infection and the efficacy of diclazuril and Artemisia annua in preventing infection in experimentally infected chickens. Seventy-five 1-month-old chickens, female and male, were randomly divided into five groups (n = 15 each) as follows: (1) uninfected untreated (negative control, NC); (2) infected with T. gondii genotype II/III isolated from a wild cat (group WC); (3) infected with T. gondii genotype II isolated from a domestic cat (group DC); (4) infected with T. gondii domestic cat strain and treated with the anticoccidial diclazuril (group DC-D); and (5) infected with T. gondii domestic cat strain and treated with the medicinal plant Artemisia annua (group DC-A). Clinical signs, body temperature, mortality rate, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, hematological parameters, and the presence of T. gondii-specific IgY antibodies were recorded in all groups. Five chickens per group were euthanized 28 days post-infection (p.i.) and their brains, hearts, and breast muscle tested for T. gondii by mouse bioassay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). No clinical signs related to the experimental infection were observed throughout the study period. T. gondii-specific antibodies were detected by day 28 p.i., but not in all infected chickens. Overall, T. gondii DNA was detected (bioassay or tissue digests) in all infected and untreated chickens (10/10), while viable parasite (bioassay) was isolated from 7 out of 10 chickens. The parasite was most frequently identified in the brain (7/10). There were no differences in the T. gondii strains regarding clinical infection and the rate of T. gondii detection in tissues. However, higher antibody titers were obtained in chickens infected with T. gondii WC strain (1:192) comparing with T. gondii DC strain (1:48). A. annua reduced replication of the parasite in 3 out of 5 chickens, while diclazuril did not. In conclusion, broiler chickens were resistant to clinical toxoplasmosis, irrespective of the strain (domestic or wild cat strain). The herb A. annua presented prophylactic efficacy by reduced parasite replication. However, further studies are required aiming at the efficacy of diclazuril and A. annua for the prevention of T. gondii infection in chickens using quantitative analysis methods
Hyperbaric Oxygen Preconditioning Upregulates Heme OxyGenase-1 and Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Protein Expression in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats with Induced Postischemic Acute Kidney Injury
Get PDFRenal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Pathogenesis of postischemic AKI involves hemodynamic changes, oxidative stress, inflammation process, calcium ion overloading, apoptosis and necrosis. Up to date, therapeutic approaches to treat AKI are extremely limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) preconditioning on citoprotective enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), pro-apoptotic Bax and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins expression, in postischemic AKI induced in normotensive Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The animals were randomly divided into six experimental groups: SHAM-operated Wistar rats (W-SHAM), Wistar rats with induced postischemic AKI (W-AKI) and Wistar group with HBO preconditioning before AKI induction (W-AKI + HBO). On the other hand, SHR rats were also divided into same three groups: SHR-SHAM, SHR-AKI and SHR-AKI + HBO. We demonstrated that HBO preconditioning upregulated HO-1 and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression, in both Wistar and SH rats. In addition, HBO preconditioning improved glomerular filtration rate, supporting by significant increase in creatinine, urea and phosphate clearances in both rat strains. Considering our results, we can also say that even in hypertensive conditions, we can expect protective effects of HBO preconditioning in experimental model of AKI
Force-Velocity Profile of Competitive Kayakers: Evaluation of a Novel Single Kayak Stroke Test
Get PDFThe assessment of the force-velocity (F-V) profile in athletes may have important applications for training prescription, injury management, and fatigue monitoring. This study aimed to assess whether a novel single kayak stroke test (SKST) is able to provide the F-V relationship variables (maximum force, maximum velocity and maximum power) of competitive kayakers with acceptable reliability and external validity. Six female (age: 20.3 ± 3.7 years) and eight male (age: 20.8 ± 2.4 years) elite kayakers performed the SKST, bench press, bench pull, and short Wingate kayak test. The individual F-V relationships were highly linear [median r (range): left stroke = 0.986 (0.897 - 0.998); right stroke = 0.987 (0.971 - 0.999)]. The reliability of the F-V relationship parameters obtained during the SKST was high (within-session: CV ≤ 4.48% and ICC ≥ 0.93; between-session: CV ≤ 8.06% and ICC ≥ 0.65). The validity of the F-V relationship parameters obtained during the SKST was generally very high for maximum power (r range = 0.825 - 0.975), high for maximum force during both the bench press and the bench pull (r range = 0.751 - 0.831), and high or moderate for maximal velocity during the bench pull (r = 0.770 - 0.829) and the bench press (r = 0.355 - 0.471), respectively. The SKST can be considered a feasible procedure for testing the maximal upper-body muscle mechanical capacities of kayakers
Effect of Different Types of Loads on the Force-Velocity Relationship Obtained During the Bench Press Throw Exercise
No full textThis study aimed (a) to evaluate the degree of linearity of the force-velocity (F-V) relationship across different types of loads, (b) to compare the magnitude of the F-V relationship parameters (maximum values of force [F0], velocity [V0], and power [Pmax]) between the different types of loads, and (c) to explore the concurrent validity of F0 with traditional measures of maximal strength. The F-V relationships of 15 physically active men (age: 20.9 6 2.0 years, bench press 1 repetition maximum relative to body mass: 1.20 6 0.10 kg·kg21) were determined during the bench press throw exercise using predominantly gravitational (W), inertial (I), and combined (W + I) loads. The bench press maximal isometric force (Fiso) and the 1RM were also assessed. The individual F-V relationships were highly linear regardless of the type of load considered (median r [range] 5 0.98 [0.94, 1.00]). The W + I load provided the largest value of F0 (972 6 45 N; 6.0 and 14.6% higher than W and I, respectively), the I load the largest value of V0 (2.99 6 0.34 m·s21; 40.4 and 20.1% higher than W and W + I, respectively), and the W load the lowest value of Pmax (501 6 46 W; 222.7 and 217.1% lower than I and W + I, respectively). The F0 obtained from the W load presented the highest association with Fiso and 1RM values (r. 0.90). The W + I load and the I load should be recommended to work closer to the F0 and V0 capacities, respectively. However, the W load should be recommended to assess maximal strength capacity through the value of F0
Excesive consumption of unsaturated fatty acids leads to oxidative and inflammatory instability in Wistar rats
Get PDFLifestyle modifications such as increase in high-fat food consumption importantly increases the risks for cardiovascular disease. The principal objective of this study is to analyze effects of different high fat diet (HFD) sources on haemodynamic parameters, lipid and oxidative profile, myeloperoxidase activity, and markers of inflammation (IL-6/pentraxin-3). HFD containing 20% of fat, provided by lard (saturated) or soybean oil (unsaturated), as well as control diet were administering to three groups (L, SO and C). Food efficiency ratio and plasma lipids were significantly elevated in both HFD groups. However, only SO group showed an increase in systolic arterial pressure, oxidative stress index, myeloperoxidase activity, liver lipids as well as markers of inflammation: IL-6 and pentraxin-3 (PTX3). In summary, these results indicate inflammogenic potential of excessive soybean oil consumption in triggering liver damage
